New Relic Oct/Nov Intermediate

This allows content rendering with an almost-empty YAML file

compose/kube-router-k8s-control-plane/docker-compose.yaml

@@ -9,21 +9,21 @@ services:
 
   etcd:
     network_mode: "service:pause"
-    image: k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.4.3
+    image: k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.4.9
     command: etcd
 
   kube-apiserver:
     network_mode: "service:pause"
-    image: k8s.gcr.io/hyperkube:v1.17.2
+    image: k8s.gcr.io/hyperkube:v1.18.8
     command: kube-apiserver --etcd-servers http://127.0.0.1:2379 --address 0.0.0.0 --disable-admission-plugins=ServiceAccount --allow-privileged
 
   kube-controller-manager:
     network_mode: "service:pause"
-    image: k8s.gcr.io/hyperkube:v1.17.2
+    image: k8s.gcr.io/hyperkube:v1.18.8
     command: kube-controller-manager --master http://localhost:8080 --allocate-node-cidrs --cluster-cidr=10.CLUSTER.0.0/16
     "Edit the CLUSTER placeholder first. Then, remove this line.":
     
   kube-scheduler:
     network_mode: "service:pause"
-    image: k8s.gcr.io/hyperkube:v1.17.2
+    image: k8s.gcr.io/hyperkube:v1.18.8
     command: kube-scheduler --master http://localhost:8080

compose/simple-k8s-control-plane/docker-compose.yaml

@@ -9,20 +9,20 @@ services:
 
   etcd:
     network_mode: "service:pause"
-    image: k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.4.3
+    image: k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.4.9
     command: etcd
 
   kube-apiserver:
     network_mode: "service:pause"
-    image: k8s.gcr.io/hyperkube:v1.17.2
+    image: k8s.gcr.io/hyperkube:v1.18.8
     command: kube-apiserver --etcd-servers http://127.0.0.1:2379 --address 0.0.0.0 --disable-admission-plugins=ServiceAccount
 
   kube-controller-manager:
     network_mode: "service:pause"
-    image: k8s.gcr.io/hyperkube:v1.17.2
+    image: k8s.gcr.io/hyperkube:v1.18.8
     command: kube-controller-manager --master http://localhost:8080
     
   kube-scheduler:
     network_mode: "service:pause"
-    image: k8s.gcr.io/hyperkube:v1.17.2
+    image: k8s.gcr.io/hyperkube:v1.18.8
     command: kube-scheduler --master http://localhost:8080

k8s/certbot.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+kind: Service
+apiVersion: v1
+metadata:
+  name: certbot
+spec:
+  ports:
+  - port: 80
+    protocol: TCP
+---
+apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
+kind: Ingress
+metadata:
+  name: certbot
+spec:
+  rules:
+  - http:
+      paths:
+      - path: /.well-known/acme-challenge/
+        backend:
+          serviceName: certbot
+          servicePort: 80
+---
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Endpoints
+metadata:
+  name: certbot
+subsets:
+- addresses:
+  - ip: A.B.C.D
+  ports:
+  - port: 8000
+    protocol: TCP
+

k8s/coffee-2.yaml

@@ -4,6 +4,10 @@ metadata:
   name: coffees.container.training
 spec:
   group: container.training
+  versions:
+  - name: v1alpha1
+    served: true
+    storage: true
   scope: Namespaced
   names:
     plural: coffees
@@ -11,25 +15,4 @@ spec:
     kind: Coffee
     shortNames:
     - cof
-  versions:
-  - name: v1alpha1
-    served: true
-    storage: true
-    schema:
-      openAPIV3Schema:
-        properties:
-          spec:
-            required:
-            - taste
-            properties:
-              taste:
-                description: Subjective taste of that kind of coffee bean
-                type: string
-    additionalPrinterColumns:
-    - jsonPath: .spec.taste
-      description: Subjective taste of that kind of coffee bean
-      name: Taste
-      type: string
-    - jsonPath: .metadata.creationTimestamp
-      name: Age
-      type: date
+

k8s/coffee-3.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1
+kind: CustomResourceDefinition
+metadata:
+  name: coffees.container.training
+spec:
+  group: container.training
+  scope: Namespaced
+  names:
+    plural: coffees
+    singular: coffee
+    kind: Coffee
+    shortNames:
+    - cof
+  versions:
+  - name: v1alpha1
+    served: true
+    storage: true
+    schema:
+      openAPIV3Schema:
+        type: object
+        required: [ spec ]
+        properties:
+          spec:
+            type: object
+            properties:
+              taste:
+                description: Subjective taste of that kind of coffee bean
+                type: string
+            required: [ taste ]
+    additionalPrinterColumns:
+    - jsonPath: .spec.taste
+      description: Subjective taste of that kind of coffee bean
+      name: Taste
+      type: string
+    - jsonPath: .metadata.creationTimestamp
+      name: Age
+      type: date

k8s/coffees.yaml

@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ spec:
 kind: Coffee
 apiVersion: container.training/v1alpha1
 metadata:
-  name: robusta
+  name: excelsa
 spec:
-  taste: stronger
+  taste: fruity
 ---
 kind: Coffee
 apiVersion: container.training/v1alpha1
@@ -23,7 +23,12 @@ spec:
 kind: Coffee
 apiVersion: container.training/v1alpha1
 metadata:
-  name: excelsa
+  name: robusta
 spec:
-  taste: fruity
-
+  taste: stronger
+  bitterness: high
+---
+kind: Coffee
+apiVersion: container.training/v1alpha1
+metadata:
+  name: java

k8s/consul-1.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+# Basic Consul cluster using Cloud Auto-Join.
+# Caveats:
+# - no actual persistence
+# - scaling down to 1 will break the cluster
+# - pods may be colocated
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+kind: Role
+metadata:
+  name: consul
+rules:
+  - apiGroups: [""]
+    resources:
+      - pods
+    verbs:
+      - get
+      - list
+---
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+kind: RoleBinding
+metadata:
+  name: consul
+roleRef:
+  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
+  kind: Role
+  name: consul
+subjects:
+  - kind: ServiceAccount
+    name: consul
+---
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ServiceAccount
+metadata:
+  name: consul
+---
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Service
+metadata:
+  name: consul
+spec:
+  ports:
+  - port: 8500
+    name: http
+  selector:
+    app: consul
+---
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+kind: StatefulSet
+metadata:
+  name: consul
+spec:
+  serviceName: consul
+  replicas: 3
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: consul
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        app: consul
+    spec:
+      serviceAccountName: consul
+      containers:
+        - name: consul
+          image: "consul:1.8"
+          env:
+            - name: NAMESPACE
+              valueFrom:
+                fieldRef:
+                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
+          args:
+            - "agent"
+            - "-bootstrap-expect=3"
+            - "-retry-join=provider=k8s label_selector=\"app=consul\" namespace=\"$(NAMESPACE)\""
+            - "-client=0.0.0.0"
+            - "-data-dir=/consul/data"
+            - "-server"
+            - "-ui"

k8s/consul-2.yaml

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
+# Better Consul cluster.
+# There is still no actual persistence, but:
+# - podAntiaffinity prevents pod colocation
+# - clusters works when scaling down to 1 (thanks to lifecycle hook)
 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
-kind: ClusterRole
+kind: Role
 metadata:
   name: consul
 rules:
@@ -11,17 +15,16 @@ rules:
       - list
 ---
 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
-kind: ClusterRoleBinding
+kind: RoleBinding
 metadata:
   name: consul
 roleRef:
   apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
-  kind: ClusterRole
+  kind: Role
   name: consul
 subjects:
   - kind: ServiceAccount
     name: consul
-    namespace: default
 ---
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: ServiceAccount
@@ -68,11 +71,16 @@ spec:
       terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
       containers:
         - name: consul
-          image: "consul:1.6"
+          image: "consul:1.8"
+          env:
+            - name: NAMESPACE
+              valueFrom:
+                fieldRef:
+                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
           args:
             - "agent"
             - "-bootstrap-expect=3"
-            - "-retry-join=provider=k8s label_selector=\"app=consul\""
+            - "-retry-join=provider=k8s label_selector=\"app=consul\" namespace=\"$(NAMESPACE)\""
             - "-client=0.0.0.0"
             - "-data-dir=/consul/data"
             - "-server"

k8s/consul-3.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+# Even better Consul cluster.
+# That one uses a volumeClaimTemplate to achieve true persistence.
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+kind: Role
+metadata:
+  name: consul
+rules:
+  - apiGroups: [""]
+    resources:
+      - pods
+    verbs:
+      - get
+      - list
+---
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+kind: RoleBinding
+metadata:
+  name: consul
+roleRef:
+  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
+  kind: Role
+  name: consul
+subjects:
+  - kind: ServiceAccount
+    name: consul
+---
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ServiceAccount
+metadata:
+  name: consul
+---
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Service
+metadata:
+  name: consul
+spec:
+  ports:
+  - port: 8500
+    name: http
+  selector:
+    app: consul
+---
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+kind: StatefulSet
+metadata:
+  name: consul
+spec:
+  serviceName: consul
+  replicas: 3
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: consul
+  volumeClaimTemplates:
+    - metadata:
+        name: data
+      spec:
+        accessModes:
+          - ReadWriteOnce
+        resources:
+          requests:
+            storage: 1Gi
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        app: consul
+    spec:
+      serviceAccountName: consul
+      affinity:
+        podAntiAffinity:
+          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
+            - labelSelector:
+                matchExpressions:
+                  - key: app
+                    operator: In
+                    values:
+                      - persistentconsul
+              topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
+      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
+      containers:
+        - name: consul
+          image: "consul:1.8"
+          volumeMounts:
+            - name: data
+              mountPath: /consul/data
+          env:
+            - name: NAMESPACE
+              valueFrom:
+                fieldRef:
+                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
+          args:
+            - "agent"
+            - "-bootstrap-expect=3"
+            - "-retry-join=provider=k8s label_selector=\"app=consul\" namespace=\"$(NAMESPACE)\""
+            - "-client=0.0.0.0"
+            - "-data-dir=/consul/data"
+            - "-server"
+            - "-ui"
+          lifecycle:
+            preStop:
+              exec:
+                command:
+                - /bin/sh
+                - -c
+                - consul leave

k8s/dashboard-insecure.yaml

@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+# This file is based on the following manifest:
+# https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/blob/master/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
+# It adds the "skip login" flag, as well as an insecure hack to defeat SSL.
+# As its name implies, it is INSECURE and you should not use it in production,
+# or on clusters that contain any kind of important or sensitive data, or on
+# clusters that have a life span of more than a few hours.
+
 # Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
 #
 # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
@@ -187,7 +194,7 @@ spec:
     spec:
       containers:
         - name: kubernetes-dashboard
-          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0-rc2
+          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0
           imagePullPolicy: Always
           ports:
             - containerPort: 8443
@@ -226,7 +233,7 @@ spec:
           emptyDir: {}
       serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
       nodeSelector:
-        "beta.kubernetes.io/os": linux
+        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
       # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
       tolerations:
         - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
@@ -272,7 +279,7 @@ spec:
     spec:
       containers:
         - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
-          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.2
+          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.4
           ports:
             - containerPort: 8000
               protocol: TCP
@@ -293,7 +300,7 @@ spec:
             runAsGroup: 2001
       serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
       nodeSelector:
-        "beta.kubernetes.io/os": linux
+        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
       # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
       tolerations:
         - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master

k8s/dashboard-recommended.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
+# This is a copy of the following file:
+# https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/blob/master/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
+
+# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Namespace
+metadata:
+  name: kubernetes-dashboard
+
+---
+
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ServiceAccount
+metadata:
+  labels:
+    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
+  name: kubernetes-dashboard
+  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
+
+---
+
+kind: Service
+apiVersion: v1
+metadata:
+  labels:
+    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
+  name: kubernetes-dashboard
+  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
+spec:
+  ports:
+    - port: 443
+      targetPort: 8443
+  selector:
+    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
+
+---
+
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Secret
+metadata:
+  labels:
+    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
+  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
+  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
+type: Opaque
+
+---
+
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Secret
+metadata:
+  labels:
+    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
+  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
+  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
+type: Opaque
+data:
+  csrf: ""
+
+---
+
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Secret
+metadata:
+  labels:
+    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
+  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
+  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
+type: Opaque
+
+---
+
+kind: ConfigMap
+apiVersion: v1
+metadata:
+  labels:
+    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
+  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
+  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
+
+---
+
+kind: Role
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+metadata:
+  labels:
+    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
+  name: kubernetes-dashboard
+  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
+rules:
+  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
+  - apiGroups: [""]
+    resources: ["secrets"]
+    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
+    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
+    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
+  - apiGroups: [""]
+    resources: ["configmaps"]
+    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
+    verbs: ["get", "update"]
+    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
+  - apiGroups: [""]
+    resources: ["services"]
+    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
+    verbs: ["proxy"]
+  - apiGroups: [""]
+    resources: ["services/proxy"]
+    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
+    verbs: ["get"]
+
+---
+
+kind: ClusterRole
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+metadata:
+  labels:
+    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
+  name: kubernetes-dashboard
+rules:
+  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
+  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
+    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
+    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
+
+---
+
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+kind: RoleBinding
+metadata:
+  labels:
+    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
+  name: kubernetes-dashboard
+  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
+roleRef:
+  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
+  kind: Role
+  name: kubernetes-dashboard
+subjects:
+  - kind: ServiceAccount
+    name: kubernetes-dashboard
+    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
+
+---
+
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+kind: ClusterRoleBinding
+metadata:
+  name: kubernetes-dashboard
+roleRef:
+  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
+  kind: ClusterRole
+  name: kubernetes-dashboard
+subjects:
+  - kind: ServiceAccount
+    name: kubernetes-dashboard
+    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
+
+---
+
+kind: Deployment
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+metadata:
+  labels:
+    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
+  name: kubernetes-dashboard
+  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
+spec:
+  replicas: 1
+  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
+    spec:
+      containers:
+        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
+          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0
+          imagePullPolicy: Always
+          ports:
+            - containerPort: 8443
+              protocol: TCP
+          args:
+            - --auto-generate-certificates
+            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
+            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
+            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
+            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
+            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
+          volumeMounts:
+            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
+              mountPath: /certs
+              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
+            - mountPath: /tmp
+              name: tmp-volume
+          livenessProbe:
+            httpGet:
+              scheme: HTTPS
+              path: /
+              port: 8443
+            initialDelaySeconds: 30
+            timeoutSeconds: 30
+          securityContext:
+            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
+            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
+            runAsUser: 1001
+            runAsGroup: 2001
+      volumes:
+        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
+          secret:
+            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
+        - name: tmp-volume
+          emptyDir: {}
+      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
+      nodeSelector:
+        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
+      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
+      tolerations:
+        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
+          effect: NoSchedule
+
+---
+
+kind: Service
+apiVersion: v1
+metadata:
+  labels:
+    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
+  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
+  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
+spec:
+  ports:
+    - port: 8000
+      targetPort: 8000
+  selector:
+    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
+
+---
+
+kind: Deployment
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+metadata:
+  labels:
+    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
+  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
+  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
+spec:
+  replicas: 1
+  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
+      annotations:
+        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
+    spec:
+      containers:
+        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
+          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.4
+          ports:
+            - containerPort: 8000
+              protocol: TCP
+          livenessProbe:
+            httpGet:
+              scheme: HTTP
+              path: /
+              port: 8000
+            initialDelaySeconds: 30
+            timeoutSeconds: 30
+          volumeMounts:
+          - mountPath: /tmp
+            name: tmp-volume
+          securityContext:
+            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
+            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
+            runAsUser: 1001
+            runAsGroup: 2001
+      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
+      nodeSelector:
+        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
+      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
+      tolerations:
+        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
+          effect: NoSchedule
+      volumes:
+        - name: tmp-volume
+          emptyDir: {}

k8s/dashboard-with-token.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,336 @@
+# This file is based on the following manifest:
+# https://github.com/kubernetes/dashboard/blob/master/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
+# It adds a ServiceAccount that has cluster-admin privileges on the cluster,
+# and exposes the dashboard on a NodePort. It makes it easier to do quick demos
+# of the Kubernetes dashboard, without compromising the security too much.
+
+# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Namespace
+metadata:
+  name: kubernetes-dashboard
+
+---
+
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ServiceAccount
+metadata:
+  labels:
+    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
+  name: kubernetes-dashboard
+  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
+
+---
+
+kind: Service
+apiVersion: v1
+metadata:
+  labels:
+    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
+  name: kubernetes-dashboard
+  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
+spec:
+  type: NodePort
+  ports:
+    - port: 443
+      targetPort: 8443
+  selector:
+    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
+
+---
+
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Secret
+metadata:
+  labels:
+    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
+  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
+  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
+type: Opaque
+
+---
+
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Secret
+metadata:
+  labels:
+    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
+  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
+  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
+type: Opaque
+data:
+  csrf: ""
+
+---
+
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Secret
+metadata:
+  labels:
+    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
+  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
+  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
+type: Opaque
+
+---
+
+kind: ConfigMap
+apiVersion: v1
+metadata:
+  labels:
+    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
+  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
+  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
+
+---
+
+kind: Role
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+metadata:
+  labels:
+    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
+  name: kubernetes-dashboard
+  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
+rules:
+  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
+  - apiGroups: [""]
+    resources: ["secrets"]
+    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
+    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
+    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
+  - apiGroups: [""]
+    resources: ["configmaps"]
+    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
+    verbs: ["get", "update"]
+    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
+  - apiGroups: [""]
+    resources: ["services"]
+    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
+    verbs: ["proxy"]
+  - apiGroups: [""]
+    resources: ["services/proxy"]
+    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
+    verbs: ["get"]
+
+---
+
+kind: ClusterRole
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+metadata:
+  labels:
+    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
+  name: kubernetes-dashboard
+rules:
+  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
+  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
+    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
+    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
+
+---
+
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+kind: RoleBinding
+metadata:
+  labels:
+    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
+  name: kubernetes-dashboard
+  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
+roleRef:
+  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
+  kind: Role
+  name: kubernetes-dashboard
+subjects:
+  - kind: ServiceAccount
+    name: kubernetes-dashboard
+    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
+
+---
+
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+kind: ClusterRoleBinding
+metadata:
+  name: kubernetes-dashboard
+roleRef:
+  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
+  kind: ClusterRole
+  name: kubernetes-dashboard
+subjects:
+  - kind: ServiceAccount
+    name: kubernetes-dashboard
+    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
+
+---
+
+kind: Deployment
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+metadata:
+  labels:
+    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
+  name: kubernetes-dashboard
+  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
+spec:
+  replicas: 1
+  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
+    spec:
+      containers:
+        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
+          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.0.0
+          imagePullPolicy: Always
+          ports:
+            - containerPort: 8443
+              protocol: TCP
+          args:
+            - --auto-generate-certificates
+            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
+            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
+            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
+            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
+            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
+          volumeMounts:
+            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
+              mountPath: /certs
+              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
+            - mountPath: /tmp
+              name: tmp-volume
+          livenessProbe:
+            httpGet:
+              scheme: HTTPS
+              path: /
+              port: 8443
+            initialDelaySeconds: 30
+            timeoutSeconds: 30
+          securityContext:
+            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
+            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
+            runAsUser: 1001
+            runAsGroup: 2001
+      volumes:
+        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
+          secret:
+            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
+        - name: tmp-volume
+          emptyDir: {}
+      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
+      nodeSelector:
+        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
+      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
+      tolerations:
+        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
+          effect: NoSchedule
+
+---
+
+kind: Service
+apiVersion: v1
+metadata:
+  labels:
+    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
+  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
+  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
+spec:
+  ports:
+    - port: 8000
+      targetPort: 8000
+  selector:
+    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
+
+---
+
+kind: Deployment
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+metadata:
+  labels:
+    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
+  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
+  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
+spec:
+  replicas: 1
+  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
+      annotations:
+        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
+    spec:
+      containers:
+        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
+          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.4
+          ports:
+            - containerPort: 8000
+              protocol: TCP
+          livenessProbe:
+            httpGet:
+              scheme: HTTP
+              path: /
+              port: 8000
+            initialDelaySeconds: 30
+            timeoutSeconds: 30
+          volumeMounts:
+          - mountPath: /tmp
+            name: tmp-volume
+          securityContext:
+            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
+            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
+            runAsUser: 1001
+            runAsGroup: 2001
+      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
+      nodeSelector:
+        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
+      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
+      tolerations:
+        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
+          effect: NoSchedule
+      volumes:
+        - name: tmp-volume
+          emptyDir: {}
+
+---
+
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ServiceAccount
+metadata:
+  labels:
+    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
+  name: cluster-admin
+  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
+
+---
+
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+kind: ClusterRoleBinding
+metadata:
+  labels:
+    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
+  name: kubernetes-dashboard-cluster-admin
+roleRef:
+  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
+  kind: ClusterRole
+  name: cluster-admin
+subjects:
+- kind: ServiceAccount
+  name: cluster-admin
+  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

k8s/filebeat.yaml

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ data:
         - add_kubernetes_metadata:
             in_cluster: true
 ---
-apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
+apiVersion: apps/v1
 kind: DaemonSet
 metadata:
   name: filebeat
@@ -60,6 +60,9 @@ metadata:
   labels:
     k8s-app: filebeat
 spec:
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      k8s-app: filebeat
   template:
     metadata:
       labels:

k8s/hacktheplanet.yaml

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ spec:
         command:
         - sh
         - -c
-        - "apk update && apk add curl && curl https://github.com/jpetazzo.keys > /root/.ssh/authorized_keys"
+        - "mkdir -p /root/.ssh && apk update && apk add curl && curl https://github.com/jpetazzo.keys > /root/.ssh/authorized_keys"
       containers:
       - name: web
         image: nginx

k8s/hpa-v2-pa-httplat.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
+apiVersion: autoscaling/v2beta2
+metadata:
+  name: rng
+spec:
+  scaleTargetRef:
+    apiVersion: apps/v1
+    kind: Deployment
+    name: rng
+  minReplicas: 1
+  maxReplicas: 20
+  behavior:
+    scaleUp:
+        stabilizationWindowSeconds: 60
+    scaleDown:
+        stabilizationWindowSeconds: 180
+  metrics:
+  - type: Object
+    object:
+      describedObject:
+        apiVersion: v1
+        kind: Service
+        name: httplat
+      metric:
+        name: httplat_latency_seconds
+      target:
+        type: Value
+        value: 0.1
+

k8s/ingress.yaml

@@ -3,6 +3,10 @@ kind: Ingress
 metadata:
   name: whatever
 spec:
+  #tls:
+  #- secretName: whatever.A.B.C.D.nip.io
+  #  hosts:
+  #  - whatever.A.B.C.D.nip.io
   rules:
   - host: whatever.A.B.C.D.nip.io
     http:

k8s/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

@@ -1,162 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-# ------------------- Dashboard Secret ------------------- #
-
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: Secret
-metadata:
-  labels:
-    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
-  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
-  namespace: kube-system
-type: Opaque
-
----
-# ------------------- Dashboard Service Account ------------------- #
-
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: ServiceAccount
-metadata:
-  labels:
-    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
-  name: kubernetes-dashboard
-  namespace: kube-system
-
----
-# ------------------- Dashboard Role & Role Binding ------------------- #
-
-kind: Role
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
-metadata:
-  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
-  namespace: kube-system
-rules:
-  # Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder' secret.
-- apiGroups: [""]
-  resources: ["secrets"]
-  verbs: ["create"]
-  # Allow Dashboard to create 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
-- apiGroups: [""]
-  resources: ["configmaps"]
-  verbs: ["create"]
-  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
-- apiGroups: [""]
-  resources: ["secrets"]
-  resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs"]
-  verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
-  # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
-- apiGroups: [""]
-  resources: ["configmaps"]
-  resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
-  verbs: ["get", "update"]
-  # Allow Dashboard to get metrics from heapster.
-- apiGroups: [""]
-  resources: ["services"]
-  resourceNames: ["heapster"]
-  verbs: ["proxy"]
-- apiGroups: [""]
-  resources: ["services/proxy"]
-  resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:"]
-  verbs: ["get"]
-
----
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
-kind: RoleBinding
-metadata:
-  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
-  namespace: kube-system
-roleRef:
-  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
-  kind: Role
-  name: kubernetes-dashboard-minimal
-subjects:
-- kind: ServiceAccount
-  name: kubernetes-dashboard
-  namespace: kube-system
-
----
-# ------------------- Dashboard Deployment ------------------- #
-
-kind: Deployment
-apiVersion: apps/v1
-metadata:
-  labels:
-    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
-  name: kubernetes-dashboard
-  namespace: kube-system
-spec:
-  replicas: 1
-  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
-  selector:
-    matchLabels:
-      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
-  template:
-    metadata:
-      labels:
-        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
-    spec:
-      containers:
-      - name: kubernetes-dashboard
-        image: k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
-        ports:
-        - containerPort: 8443
-          protocol: TCP
-        args:
-          - --auto-generate-certificates
-          # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
-          # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
-          # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
-          # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
-        volumeMounts:
-        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
-          mountPath: /certs
-          # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
-        - mountPath: /tmp
-          name: tmp-volume
-        livenessProbe:
-          httpGet:
-            scheme: HTTPS
-            path: /
-            port: 8443
-          initialDelaySeconds: 30
-          timeoutSeconds: 30
-      volumes:
-      - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
-        secret:
-          secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
-      - name: tmp-volume
-        emptyDir: {}
-      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
-      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
-      tolerations:
-      - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
-        effect: NoSchedule
-
----
-# ------------------- Dashboard Service ------------------- #
-
-kind: Service
-apiVersion: v1
-metadata:
-  labels:
-    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
-  name: kubernetes-dashboard
-  namespace: kube-system
-spec:
-  ports:
-    - port: 443
-      targetPort: 8443
-  selector:
-    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

k8s/kyverno-namespace-setup.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+apiVersion: kyverno.io/v1
+kind: ClusterPolicy
+metadata:
+  name: setup-namespace
+spec:
+  rules:
+  - name: setup-limitrange
+    match:
+      resources: 
+        kinds:
+        - Namespace
+    generate: 
+      kind: LimitRange
+      name: default-limitrange
+      namespace: "{{request.object.metadata.name}}" 
+      data:
+        spec:
+          limits:
+          - type: Container
+            min:
+              cpu: 0.1
+              memory: 0.1
+            max:
+              cpu: 2
+              memory: 2Gi
+            default:
+              cpu: 0.25
+              memory: 500Mi
+            defaultRequest:
+              cpu: 0.25
+              memory: 250Mi
+  - name: setup-resourcequota
+    match:
+      resources: 
+        kinds:
+        - Namespace
+    generate: 
+      kind: ResourceQuota
+      name: default-resourcequota
+      namespace: "{{request.object.metadata.name}}" 
+      data:
+        spec:
+          hard:
+            requests.cpu: "10"
+            requests.memory: 10Gi
+            limits.cpu: "20"
+            limits.memory: 20Gi
+  - name: setup-networkpolicy
+    match:
+      resources: 
+        kinds:
+        - Namespace
+    generate: 
+      kind: NetworkPolicy
+      name: default-networkpolicy
+      namespace: "{{request.object.metadata.name}}" 
+      data:
+        spec:
+          podSelector: {}
+          ingress:
+          - from:
+            - podSelector: {}
+

k8s/kyverno-pod-color-1.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+apiVersion: kyverno.io/v1
+kind: ClusterPolicy
+metadata:
+  name: pod-color-policy-1
+spec:
+  validationFailureAction: enforce
+  rules:
+  - name: ensure-pod-color-is-valid
+    match:
+      resources:
+        kinds:
+        - Pod
+        selector:
+          matchExpressions:
+          - key: color
+            operator: Exists
+          - key: color
+            operator: NotIn
+            values: [ red, green, blue ]
+    validate:
+      message: "If it exists, the label color must be red, green, or blue."
+      deny: {}

k8s/kyverno-pod-color-2.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+apiVersion: kyverno.io/v1
+kind: ClusterPolicy
+metadata:
+  name: pod-color-policy-2
+spec:
+  validationFailureAction: enforce
+  background: false
+  rules:
+  - name: prevent-color-change
+    match:
+      resources:
+        kinds:
+        - Pod
+    validate:
+      message: "Once label color has been added, it cannot be changed."
+      deny:
+        conditions:
+        - key: "{{ request.oldObject.metadata.labels.color }}"
+          operator: NotEqual
+          value: "{{ request.object.metadata.labels.color }}"
+

k8s/kyverno-pod-color-3.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+apiVersion: kyverno.io/v1
+kind: ClusterPolicy
+metadata:
+  name: pod-color-policy-3
+spec:
+  validationFailureAction: enforce
+  background: false
+  rules:
+  - name: prevent-color-removal
+    match:
+      resources:
+        kinds:
+        - Pod
+        selector:
+          matchExpressions:
+          - key: color
+            operator: DoesNotExist
+    validate:
+      message: "Once label color has been added, it cannot be removed."
+      deny:
+        conditions:
+        - key: "{{ request.oldObject.metadata.labels.color }}"
+          operator: NotIn
+          value: []
+

k8s/nginx-4-with-init.yaml

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ spec:
   initContainers:
   - name: git
     image: alpine
-    command: [ "sh", "-c", "apk add --no-cache git && git clone https://github.com/octocat/Spoon-Knife /www" ]
+    command: [ "sh", "-c", "apk add git && sleep 5 && git clone https://github.com/octocat/Spoon-Knife /www" ]
     volumeMounts:
     - name: www
       mountPath: /www/

k8s/postgres.yaml

@@ -22,7 +22,10 @@ spec:
         command: ["sh", "-c", "if [ -d /vol/lost+found ]; then rmdir /vol/lost+found; fi"]
       containers:
       - name: postgres
-        image: postgres:11
+        image: postgres:12
+        env:
+        - name: POSTGRES_HOST_AUTH_METHOD
+          value: trust
         volumeMounts:
         - mountPath: /var/lib/postgresql/data
           name: postgres

k8s/psp-restricted.yaml

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 ---
-apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
+apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
 kind: PodSecurityPolicy
 metadata:
   annotations:
     apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
     apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
-    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
-    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
+    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
+    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
   name: restricted
 spec:
   allowPrivilegeEscalation: false

k8s/socat.yaml

@@ -1,28 +1,17 @@
-apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
+apiVersion: apps/v1
 kind: Deployment
 metadata:
-  annotations:
-    deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: "2"
-  creationTimestamp: null
-  generation: 1
   labels:
     app: socat
   name: socat
   namespace: kube-system
-  selfLink: /apis/extensions/v1beta1/namespaces/kube-system/deployments/socat
 spec:
   replicas: 1
   selector:
     matchLabels:
       app: socat
-  strategy:
-    rollingUpdate:
-      maxSurge: 1
-      maxUnavailable: 1
-    type: RollingUpdate
   template:
     metadata:
-      creationTimestamp: null
       labels:
         app: socat
     spec:
@@ -34,34 +23,19 @@ spec:
         image: alpine
         imagePullPolicy: Always
         name: socat
-        resources: {}
-        terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
-        terminationMessagePolicy: File
-      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
-      restartPolicy: Always
-      schedulerName: default-scheduler
-      securityContext: {}
-      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
-status: {}
 ---
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: Service
 metadata:
-  creationTimestamp: null
   labels:
     app: socat
   name: socat
   namespace: kube-system
-  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/socat
 spec:
-  externalTrafficPolicy: Cluster
   ports:
   - port: 80
     protocol: TCP
     targetPort: 80
   selector:
     app: socat
-  sessionAffinity: None
   type: NodePort
-status:
-  loadBalancer: {}

k8s/traefik-v1.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+---
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ServiceAccount
+metadata:
+  name: traefik-ingress-controller
+  namespace: kube-system
+---
+kind: DaemonSet
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+metadata:
+  name: traefik-ingress-controller
+  namespace: kube-system
+  labels:
+    k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
+spec:
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
+        name: traefik-ingress-lb
+    spec:
+      tolerations:
+      - effect: NoSchedule
+        operator: Exists
+      hostNetwork: true
+      serviceAccountName: traefik-ingress-controller
+      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60
+      containers:
+      - image: traefik:1.7
+        name: traefik-ingress-lb
+        ports:
+        - name: http
+          containerPort: 80
+          hostPort: 80
+        - name: admin
+          containerPort: 8080
+          hostPort: 8080
+        securityContext:
+          capabilities:
+            drop:
+            - ALL
+            add:
+            - NET_BIND_SERVICE
+        args:
+        - --api
+        - --kubernetes
+        - --logLevel=INFO
+---
+kind: Service
+apiVersion: v1
+metadata:
+  name: traefik-ingress-service
+  namespace: kube-system
+spec:
+  selector:
+    k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
+  ports:
+    - protocol: TCP
+      port: 80
+      name: web
+    - protocol: TCP
+      port: 8080
+      name: admin
+---
+kind: ClusterRole
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
+metadata:
+  name: traefik-ingress-controller
+rules:
+  - apiGroups:
+      - ""
+    resources:
+      - services
+      - endpoints
+      - secrets
+    verbs:
+      - get
+      - list
+      - watch
+  - apiGroups:
+      - extensions
+    resources:
+      - ingresses
+    verbs:
+      - get
+      - list
+      - watch
+---
+kind: ClusterRoleBinding
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
+metadata:
+  name: traefik-ingress-controller
+roleRef:
+  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
+  kind: ClusterRole
+  name: traefik-ingress-controller
+subjects:
+- kind: ServiceAccount
+  name: traefik-ingress-controller
+  namespace: kube-system

k8s/traefik-v2.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+---
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ServiceAccount
+metadata:
+  name: traefik-ingress-controller
+  namespace: kube-system
+---
+kind: DaemonSet
+apiVersion: apps/v1
+metadata:
+  name: traefik-ingress-controller
+  namespace: kube-system
+  labels:
+    k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
+spec:
+  selector:
+    matchLabels:
+      k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
+        name: traefik-ingress-lb
+    spec:
+      tolerations:
+      - effect: NoSchedule
+        operator: Exists
+      hostNetwork: true
+      serviceAccountName: traefik-ingress-controller
+      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60
+      containers:
+      - image: traefik
+        name: traefik-ingress-lb
+        ports:
+        - name: http
+          containerPort: 80
+          hostPort: 80
+        - name: admin
+          containerPort: 8080
+          hostPort: 8080
+        securityContext:
+          capabilities:
+            drop:
+            - ALL
+            add:
+            - NET_BIND_SERVICE
+        args:
+        - --accesslog
+        - --api
+        - --api.insecure
+        - --log.level=INFO
+        - --metrics.prometheus
+        - --providers.kubernetesingress
+        - --entrypoints.http.Address=:80
+        - --entrypoints.https.Address=:443
+        - --entrypoints.https.http.tls.certResolver=default
+---
+kind: Service
+apiVersion: v1
+metadata:
+  name: traefik-ingress-service
+  namespace: kube-system
+  annotations:
+    prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
+    prometheus.io/port: "8080"
+    prometheus.io/path: "/metrics"
+spec:
+  selector:
+    k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
+  ports:
+    - protocol: TCP
+      port: 80
+      name: web
+    - protocol: TCP
+      port: 8080
+      name: admin
+---
+kind: ClusterRole
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
+metadata:
+  name: traefik-ingress-controller
+rules:
+  - apiGroups:
+      - ""
+    resources:
+      - services
+      - endpoints
+      - secrets
+    verbs:
+      - get
+      - list
+      - watch
+  - apiGroups:
+      - extensions
+    resources:
+      - ingresses
+    verbs:
+      - get
+      - list
+      - watch
+---
+kind: ClusterRoleBinding
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
+metadata:
+  name: traefik-ingress-controller
+roleRef:
+  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
+  kind: ClusterRole
+  name: traefik-ingress-controller
+subjects:
+- kind: ServiceAccount
+  name: traefik-ingress-controller
+  namespace: kube-system

k8s/traefik.yaml

@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
----
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: ServiceAccount
-metadata:
-  name: traefik-ingress-controller
-  namespace: kube-system
----
-kind: DaemonSet
-apiVersion: apps/v1
-metadata:
-  name: traefik-ingress-controller
-  namespace: kube-system
-  labels:
-    k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
-spec:
-  selector:
-    matchLabels:
-      k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
-  template:
-    metadata:
-      labels:
-        k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
-        name: traefik-ingress-lb
-    spec:
-      tolerations:
-      - effect: NoSchedule
-        operator: Exists
-      hostNetwork: true
-      serviceAccountName: traefik-ingress-controller
-      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60
-      containers:
-      - image: traefik:1.7
-        name: traefik-ingress-lb
-        ports:
-        - name: http
-          containerPort: 80
-          hostPort: 80
-        - name: admin
-          containerPort: 8080
-          hostPort: 8080
-        securityContext:
-          capabilities:
-            drop:
-            - ALL
-            add:
-            - NET_BIND_SERVICE
-        args:
-        - --api
-        - --kubernetes
-        - --logLevel=INFO
----
-kind: Service
-apiVersion: v1
-metadata:
-  name: traefik-ingress-service
-  namespace: kube-system
-spec:
-  selector:
-    k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
-  ports:
-    - protocol: TCP
-      port: 80
-      name: web
-    - protocol: TCP
-      port: 8080
-      name: admin
----
-kind: ClusterRole
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
-metadata:
-  name: traefik-ingress-controller
-rules:
-  - apiGroups:
-      - ""
-    resources:
-      - services
-      - endpoints
-      - secrets
-    verbs:
-      - get
-      - list
-      - watch
-  - apiGroups:
-      - extensions
-    resources:
-      - ingresses
-    verbs:
-      - get
-      - list
-      - watch
----
-kind: ClusterRoleBinding
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
-metadata:
-  name: traefik-ingress-controller
-roleRef:
-  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
-  kind: ClusterRole
-  name: traefik-ingress-controller
-subjects:
-- kind: ServiceAccount
-  name: traefik-ingress-controller
-  namespace: kube-system

k8s/traefik.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+traefik-v2.yaml

k8s/user=jean.doe.yaml

@@ -8,24 +8,24 @@ metadata:
 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
 kind: ClusterRole
 metadata:
-  name: users:jean.doe
+  name: user=jean.doe
 rules:
 - apiGroups: [ certificates.k8s.io ]
   resources: [ certificatesigningrequests ]
   verbs:     [ create ]
 - apiGroups:     [ certificates.k8s.io ]
-  resourceNames: [ users:jean.doe ]
+  resourceNames: [ user=jean.doe ]
   resources:     [ certificatesigningrequests ]
   verbs:         [ get, create, delete, watch ]
 ---
 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
 kind: ClusterRoleBinding
 metadata:
-  name: users:jean.doe
+  name: user=jean.doe
 roleRef:
   apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
   kind: ClusterRole
-  name: users:jean.doe
+  name: user=jean.doe
 subjects:
 - kind: ServiceAccount
   name: jean.doe

prepare-vms/infra/example.openstack-cli

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+INFRACLASS=openstack-cli
+
+# Copy that file to e.g. openstack or ovh, then customize it.
+# Some Openstack providers (like OVHcloud) will let you download
+# a file containing credentials. That's what you need to use.
+# The file below contains some example values.
+export OS_AUTH_URL=https://auth.cloud.ovh.net/v3/
+export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3
+export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=${OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME:-"Default"}
+export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=${OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME:-"Default"}
+export OS_TENANT_ID=abcd1234
+export OS_TENANT_NAME="0123456"
+export OS_USERNAME="user-xyz123"
+export OS_PASSWORD=AbCd1234
+export OS_REGION_NAME="GRA7"
+
+# And then some values to indicate server type, image, etc.
+# You can see available flavors with `openstack flavor list`
+export OS_FLAVOR=s1-4
+# You can see available images with `openstack image list`
+export OS_IMAGE=896c5f54-51dc-44f0-8c22-ce99ba7164df
+# You can create a key with `openstack keypair create --public-key ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub containertraining`
+export OS_KEY=containertraining
+

prepare-vms/infra/example.openstack-tf

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-INFRACLASS=openstack
+INFRACLASS=openstack-tf
+
 # If you are using OpenStack, copy this file (e.g. to "openstack" or "enix")
 # and customize the variables below.
 export TF_VAR_user="jpetazzo"
@@ -6,4 +7,4 @@ export TF_VAR_tenant="training"
 export TF_VAR_domain="Default"
 export TF_VAR_password="..."
 export TF_VAR_auth_url="https://api.r1.nxs.enix.io/v3"
-export TF_VAR_flavor="GP1.S"
+export TF_VAR_flavor="GP1.S"

prepare-vms/infra/hetzner

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+INFRACLASS=hetzner
+if ! [ -f ~/.config/hcloud/cli.toml ]; then
+  warn "~/.config/hcloud/cli.toml not found."
+  warn "Make sure that the Hetzner CLI (hcloud) is installed and configured."
+fi

prepare-vms/infra/scaleway

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+INFRACLASS=scaleway

prepare-vms/lib/commands.sh

@@ -43,6 +43,16 @@ _cmd_cards() {
     info "$0 www"
 }
 
+_cmd clean "Remove information about stopped clusters"
+_cmd_clean() {
+	for TAG in tags/*; do
+		if grep -q ^stopped$ "$TAG/status"; then
+			info "Removing $TAG..."
+			rm -rf "$TAG"
+		fi
+	done	
+}
+
 _cmd deploy "Install Docker on a bunch of running VMs"
 _cmd_deploy() {
     TAG=$1
@@ -65,6 +75,27 @@ _cmd_deploy() {
         sleep 1
     done"
 
+    # Special case for scaleway since it doesn't come with sudo
+    if [ "$INFRACLASS" = "scaleway" ]; then
+        pssh -l root "
+    grep DEBIAN_FRONTEND /etc/environment || echo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive >> /etc/environment
+    grep cloud-init /etc/sudoers && rm /etc/sudoers
+    apt-get update && apt-get install sudo -y"
+    fi
+
+    # FIXME
+    # Special case for hetzner since it doesn't have an ubuntu user
+    #if [ "$INFRACLASS" = "hetzner" ]; then
+    #    pssh -l root "
+    #[ -d /home/ubuntu ] ||
+    #    useradd ubuntu -m -s /bin/bash
+    #echo 'ubuntu ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL' > /etc/sudoers.d/ubuntu
+    #[ -d /home/ubuntu/.ssh ] ||
+    #    install --owner=ubuntu --mode=700 --directory /home/ubuntu/.ssh
+    #[ -f /home/ubuntu/.ssh/authorized_keys ] ||
+    #    install --owner=ubuntu --mode=600 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys --target-directory /home/ubuntu/.ssh"
+    #fi
+
     # Copy settings and install Python YAML parser
     pssh -I tee /tmp/settings.yaml <tags/$TAG/settings.yaml
     pssh "
@@ -131,19 +162,19 @@ _cmd_kubebins() {
     cd /usr/local/bin
     if ! [ -x etcd ]; then
         ##VERSION##
-        curl -L https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.3/etcd-v3.4.3-linux-amd64.tar.gz \
+        curl -L https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz \
         | sudo tar --strip-components=1 --wildcards -zx '*/etcd' '*/etcdctl'
     fi
     if ! [ -x hyperkube ]; then
         ##VERSION##
-        curl -L https://dl.k8s.io/v1.17.2/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz \
+        curl -L https://dl.k8s.io/v1.18.10/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz \
         | sudo tar --strip-components=3 -zx \
           kubernetes/server/bin/kube{ctl,let,-proxy,-apiserver,-scheduler,-controller-manager}
     fi
     sudo mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
     cd /opt/cni/bin
     if ! [ -x bridge ]; then
-        curl -L https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.7.6/cni-plugins-amd64-v0.7.6.tgz \
+        curl -L https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.8.6/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz \
         | sudo tar -zx
     fi
     "
@@ -173,13 +204,15 @@ _cmd_kube() {
     pssh --timeout 200 "
     sudo apt-get update -q &&
     sudo apt-get install -qy kubelet$EXTRA_APTGET kubeadm$EXTRA_APTGET kubectl$EXTRA_APTGET &&
-    kubectl completion bash | sudo tee /etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl"
+    kubectl completion bash | sudo tee /etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl &&
+    echo 'alias k=kubectl' | sudo tee /etc/bash_completion.d/k &&
+    echo 'complete -F __start_kubectl k' | sudo tee -a /etc/bash_completion.d/k"
 
     # Initialize kube master
     pssh --timeout 200 "
     if i_am_first_node && [ ! -f /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf ]; then
         kubeadm token generate > /tmp/token &&
-	sudo kubeadm init $EXTRA_KUBEADM --token \$(cat /tmp/token) --apiserver-cert-extra-sans \$(cat /tmp/ipv4)
+	sudo kubeadm init $EXTRA_KUBEADM --token \$(cat /tmp/token) --apiserver-cert-extra-sans \$(cat /tmp/ipv4) --ignore-preflight-errors=NumCPU
     fi"
 
     # Put kubeconfig in ubuntu's and docker's accounts
@@ -212,17 +245,23 @@ _cmd_kube() {
     if i_am_first_node; then
 	kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jpetazzo/container.training/master/k8s/metrics-server.yaml
     fi"
+}
+
+_cmd kubetools "Install a bunch of CLI tools for Kubernetes"
+_cmd_kubetools() {
+    TAG=$1
+    need_tag
 
     # Install kubectx and kubens
     pssh "
     [ -d kubectx ] || git clone https://github.com/ahmetb/kubectx &&
-    sudo ln -sf /home/ubuntu/kubectx/kubectx /usr/local/bin/kctx &&
-    sudo ln -sf /home/ubuntu/kubectx/kubens /usr/local/bin/kns &&
-    sudo cp /home/ubuntu/kubectx/completion/*.bash /etc/bash_completion.d &&
+    sudo ln -sf \$HOME/kubectx/kubectx /usr/local/bin/kctx &&
+    sudo ln -sf \$HOME/kubectx/kubens /usr/local/bin/kns &&
+    sudo cp \$HOME/kubectx/completion/*.bash /etc/bash_completion.d &&
     [ -d kube-ps1 ] || git clone https://github.com/jonmosco/kube-ps1 &&
     sudo -u docker sed -i s/docker-prompt/kube_ps1/ /home/docker/.bashrc &&
     sudo -u docker tee -a /home/docker/.bashrc <<EOF
-. /home/ubuntu/kube-ps1/kube-ps1.sh
+. \$HOME/kube-ps1/kube-ps1.sh
 KUBE_PS1_PREFIX=""
 KUBE_PS1_SUFFIX=""
 KUBE_PS1_SYMBOL_ENABLE="false"
@@ -246,11 +285,22 @@ EOF"
         helm completion bash | sudo tee /etc/bash_completion.d/helm
     fi"
 
+    # Install kustomize
+    pssh "
+    if [ ! -x /usr/local/bin/kustomize ]; then
+        ##VERSION##
+        curl -L https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kustomize/releases/download/kustomize/v3.6.1/kustomize_v3.6.1_linux_amd64.tar.gz |
+            sudo tar -C /usr/local/bin -zx kustomize
+        echo complete -C /usr/local/bin/kustomize kustomize | sudo tee /etc/bash_completion.d/kustomize
+    fi"
+
     # Install ship
+    # Note: 0.51.3 is the last version that doesn't display GIN-debug messages
+    # (don't want to get folks confused by that!)
     pssh "
     if [ ! -x /usr/local/bin/ship ]; then
         ##VERSION##
-        curl -L https://github.com/replicatedhq/ship/releases/download/v0.40.0/ship_0.40.0_linux_amd64.tar.gz |
+        curl -L https://github.com/replicatedhq/ship/releases/download/v0.51.3/ship_0.51.3_linux_amd64.tar.gz |
              sudo tar -C /usr/local/bin -zx ship
     fi"
 
@@ -262,7 +312,48 @@ EOF"
 	sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/aws-iam-authenticator
     fi"
 
-    sep "Done"
+    # Install the krew package manager
+    pssh "
+    if [ ! -d /home/docker/.krew ]; then
+        cd /tmp &&
+        curl -fsSL https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/krew/releases/latest/download/krew.tar.gz |
+        tar -zxf- &&
+        sudo -u docker -H ./krew-linux_amd64 install krew &&
+        echo export PATH=\"/home/docker/.krew/bin:\$PATH\" | sudo -u docker tee -a /home/docker/.bashrc
+    fi"
+
+    # Install k9s and popeye
+    pssh "
+    if [ ! -x /usr/local/bin/k9s ]; then
+        FILENAME=k9s_\$(uname -s)_\$(uname -m).tar.gz &&
+        curl -sSL https://github.com/derailed/k9s/releases/latest/download/\$FILENAME |
+        sudo tar -zxvf- -C /usr/local/bin k9s
+    fi
+    if [ ! -x /usr/local/bin/popeye ]; then
+        FILENAME=popeye_\$(uname -s)_\$(uname -m).tar.gz &&
+        curl -sSL https://github.com/derailed/popeye/releases/latest/download/\$FILENAME |
+        sudo tar -zxvf- -C /usr/local/bin popeye
+    fi"
+
+    # Install Tilt
+    pssh "
+    if [ ! -x /usr/local/bin/tilt ]; then
+        curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tilt-dev/tilt/master/scripts/install.sh | bash
+    fi"
+
+    # Install Skaffold
+    pssh "
+    if [ ! -x /usr/local/bin/skaffold ]; then
+        curl -Lo skaffold https://storage.googleapis.com/skaffold/releases/latest/skaffold-linux-amd64 &&
+        sudo install skaffold /usr/local/bin/
+    fi"
+
+    # Install Kompose
+    pssh "
+    if [ ! -x /usr/local/bin/kompose ]; then
+        curl -Lo kompose https://github.com/kubernetes/kompose/releases/latest/download/kompose-linux-amd64 &&
+        sudo install kompose /usr/local/bin
+    fi"
 }
 
 _cmd kubereset "Wipe out Kubernetes configuration on all nodes"
@@ -284,29 +375,44 @@ _cmd_kubetest() {
     set -e
     if i_am_first_node; then
       which kubectl
-      for NODE in \$(awk /[0-9]\$/\ {print\ \\\$2} /etc/hosts); do
+      for NODE in \$(grep [0-9]\$ /etc/hosts | grep -v ^127 | awk {print\ \\\$2}); do
         echo \$NODE ; kubectl get nodes | grep -w \$NODE | grep -w Ready
       done
     fi"
 }
 
-_cmd ids "(FIXME) List the instance IDs belonging to a given tag or token"
-_cmd_ids() {
+_cmd ips "Show the IP addresses for a given tag"
+_cmd_ips() {
     TAG=$1
     need_tag $TAG
 
-    info "Looking up by tag:"
-    aws_get_instance_ids_by_tag $TAG
-
-    # Just in case we managed to create instances but weren't able to tag them
-    info "Looking up by token:"
-    aws_get_instance_ids_by_client_token $TAG
+    SETTINGS=tags/$TAG/settings.yaml
+    CLUSTERSIZE=$(awk '/^clustersize:/ {print $2}' $SETTINGS)
+    while true; do
+        for I in $(seq $CLUSTERSIZE); do
+            read ip || return 0
+            printf "%s\t" "$ip"
+        done
+        printf "\n"
+    done < tags/$TAG/ips.txt
 }
 
-_cmd list "List available groups for a given infrastructure"
+_cmd list "List all VMs on a given infrastructure (or all infras if no arg given)"
 _cmd_list() {
-    need_infra $1
-    infra_list
+    case "$1" in
+    "")
+        for INFRA in infra/*; do
+            $0 list $INFRA
+        done
+        ;;
+    */example.*)
+        ;;
+    *)
+        need_infra $1
+        sep "Listing instances for $1"
+        infra_list
+        ;;
+    esac
 }
 
 _cmd listall "List VMs running on all configured infrastructures"
@@ -329,7 +435,7 @@ _cmd_maketag() {
     if [ -z $USER ]; then
         export USER=anonymous
     fi
-    MS=$(($(date +%N)/1000000))
+    MS=$(($(date +%N | tr -d 0)/1000000))
     date +%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-$MS-$USER
 }
 
@@ -400,16 +506,6 @@ _cmd_opensg() {
     infra_opensg
 }
 
-_cmd portworx "Prepare the nodes for Portworx deployment"
-_cmd_portworx() {
-    TAG=$1
-    need_tag
-
-    pssh "
-    sudo truncate --size 10G /portworx.blk &&
-    sudo losetup /dev/loop4 /portworx.blk"
-}
-
 _cmd disableaddrchecks "Disable source/destination IP address checks"
 _cmd_disableaddrchecks() {
     TAG=$1
@@ -446,6 +542,17 @@ _cmd_remap_nodeports() {
     if i_am_first_node && ! grep -q '$ADD_LINE' $MANIFEST_FILE; then
         sudo sed -i 's/\($FIND_LINE\)\$/\1\n$ADD_LINE/' $MANIFEST_FILE
     fi"
+
+    info "If you have manifests hard-coding nodePort values,"
+    info "you might want to patch them with a command like:"
+    info "
+
+if i_am_first_node; then
+    kubectl -n kube-system patch svc prometheus-server \\
+        -p 'spec: { ports: [ {port: 80, nodePort: 10101} ]}'
+fi
+
+    "
 }
 
 _cmd quotas "Check our infrastructure quotas (max instances)"
@@ -454,18 +561,6 @@ _cmd_quotas() {
     infra_quotas
 }
 
-_cmd retag "(FIXME) Apply a new tag to a group of VMs"
-_cmd_retag() {
-    OLDTAG=$1
-    NEWTAG=$2
-    TAG=$OLDTAG
-    need_tag
-    if [[ -z "$NEWTAG" ]]; then
-        die "You must specify a new tag to apply."
-    fi
-    aws_tag_instances $OLDTAG $NEWTAG
-}
-
 _cmd ssh "Open an SSH session to the first node of a tag"
 _cmd_ssh() {
     TAG=$1
@@ -483,6 +578,7 @@ _cmd_start() {
         --settings) SETTINGS=$2; shift 2;;
         --count) COUNT=$2; shift 2;;
         --tag) TAG=$2; shift 2;;
+        --students) STUDENTS=$2; shift 2;;
         *) die "Unrecognized parameter: $1."
         esac
     done
@@ -494,8 +590,14 @@ _cmd_start() {
         die "Please add --settings flag to specify which settings file to use."
     fi
     if [ -z "$COUNT" ]; then
-        COUNT=$(awk '/^clustersize:/ {print $2}' $SETTINGS)
-        warning "No --count option was specified. Using value from settings file ($COUNT)."
+        CLUSTERSIZE=$(awk '/^clustersize:/ {print $2}' $SETTINGS)
+        if [ -z "$STUDENTS" ]; then
+            warning "Neither --count nor --students was specified."
+            warning "According to the settings file, the cluster size is $CLUSTERSIZE."
+            warning "Deploying one cluster of $CLUSTERSIZE nodes."
+            STUDENTS=1
+        fi
+        COUNT=$(($STUDENTS*$CLUSTERSIZE))
     fi
 
     # Check that the specified settings and infrastructure are valid.
@@ -513,11 +615,43 @@ _cmd_start() {
     infra_start $COUNT
     sep
     info "Successfully created $COUNT instances with tag $TAG"
-    sep
     echo created > tags/$TAG/status
 
-    info "To deploy Docker on these instances, you can run:"
-    info "$0 deploy $TAG"
+    # If the settings.yaml file has a "steps" field,
+    # automatically execute all the actions listed in that field.
+    # If an action fails, retry it up to 10 times.
+    python -c 'if True: # hack to deal with indentation
+        import sys, yaml
+        settings = yaml.safe_load(sys.stdin)
+        print ("\n".join(settings.get("steps", [])))
+        ' < tags/$TAG/settings.yaml \
+    | while read step; do
+        if [ -z "$step" ]; then
+            break
+        fi
+        sep
+        info "Automatically executing step '$step'."
+        TRY=1
+        MAXTRY=10
+        while ! $0 $step $TAG ; do
+            TRY=$(($TRY+1))
+            if [ $TRY -gt $MAXTRY ]; then
+                error "This step ($step) failed after $MAXTRY attempts."
+                info "You can troubleshoot the situation manually, or terminate these instances with:"
+                info "$0 stop $TAG"
+                die "Giving up."
+            else
+                sep
+                info "Step '$step' failed. Let's wait 10 seconds and try again."
+                info "(Attempt $TRY out of $MAXTRY.)"
+                sleep 10
+            fi
+        done
+    done
+    sep
+    info "Deployment successful."
+    info "To log into the first machine of that batch, you can run:"
+    info "$0 ssh $TAG"
     info "To terminate these instances, you can run:"
     info "$0 stop $TAG"
 }
@@ -581,8 +715,8 @@ _cmd_helmprom() {
     need_tag
     pssh "
     if i_am_first_node; then
-        sudo -u docker -H helm repo add stable https://kubernetes-charts.storage.googleapis.com/
-        sudo -u docker -H helm install prometheus stable/prometheus \
+        sudo -u docker -H helm helm repo add prometheus-community https://prometheus-community.github.io/helm-charts/
+        sudo -u docker -H helm install prometheus prometheus-community/prometheus \
             --namespace kube-system \
             --set server.service.type=NodePort \
             --set server.service.nodePort=30090 \
@@ -615,11 +749,12 @@ _cmd_webssh() {
     sudo apt-get update &&
     sudo apt-get install python-tornado python-paramiko -y"
     pssh "
-    [ -d webssh ] || git clone https://github.com/jpetazzo/webssh"
+    cd /opt
+    [ -d webssh ] || sudo git clone https://github.com/jpetazzo/webssh"
     pssh "
     for KEYFILE in /etc/ssh/*.pub; do
       read a b c < \$KEYFILE; echo localhost \$a \$b
-    done > webssh/known_hosts"
+    done | sudo tee /opt/webssh/known_hosts"
     pssh "cat >webssh.service <<EOF
 [Unit]
 Description=webssh
@@ -628,7 +763,7 @@ Description=webssh
 WantedBy=multi-user.target
 
 [Service]
-WorkingDirectory=/home/ubuntu/webssh
+WorkingDirectory=/opt/webssh
 ExecStart=/usr/bin/env python run.py --fbidhttp=false --port=1080 --policy=reject
 User=nobody
 Group=nogroup
@@ -651,11 +786,6 @@ _cmd_www() {
     python3 -m http.server
 }
 
-greet() {
-    IAMUSER=$(aws iam get-user --query 'User.UserName')
-    info "Hello! You seem to be UNIX user $USER, and IAM user $IAMUSER."
-}
-
 pull_tag() {
     # Pre-pull a bunch of images
     pssh --timeout 900 'for I in \
@@ -745,27 +875,3 @@ make_key_name() {
     SHORT_FINGERPRINT=$(ssh-add -l | grep RSA | head -n1 | cut -d " " -f 2 | tr -d : | cut -c 1-8)
     echo "${SHORT_FINGERPRINT}-${USER}"
 }
-
-sync_keys() {
-    # make sure ssh-add -l contains "RSA"
-    ssh-add -l | grep -q RSA \
-        || die "The output of \`ssh-add -l\` doesn't contain 'RSA'. Start the agent, add your keys?"
-
-    AWS_KEY_NAME=$(make_key_name)
-    info "Syncing keys... "
-    if ! aws ec2 describe-key-pairs --key-name "$AWS_KEY_NAME" &>/dev/null; then
-        aws ec2 import-key-pair --key-name $AWS_KEY_NAME \
-            --public-key-material "$(ssh-add -L \
-                | grep -i RSA \
-                | head -n1 \
-                | cut -d " " -f 1-2)" &>/dev/null
-
-        if ! aws ec2 describe-key-pairs --key-name "$AWS_KEY_NAME" &>/dev/null; then
-            die "Somehow, importing the key didn't work. Make sure that 'ssh-add -l | grep RSA | head -n1' returns an RSA key?"
-        else
-            info "Imported new key $AWS_KEY_NAME."
-        fi
-    else
-        info "Using existing key $AWS_KEY_NAME."
-    fi
-}

prepare-vms/lib/infra/aws.sh

@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
+if ! command -v aws >/dev/null; then
+    warn "AWS CLI (aws) not found."
+fi
+
 infra_list() {
-    aws_display_tags
+    aws ec2 describe-instances --output json |
+        jq -r '.Reservations[].Instances[] | [.InstanceId, .ClientToken, .State.Name, .InstanceType ] | @tsv'
 }
 
 infra_quotas() {
-    greet
+    aws_greet
 
     max_instances=$(aws ec2 describe-account-attributes \
         --attribute-names max-instances \
@@ -21,10 +26,10 @@ infra_start() {
     COUNT=$1
 
     # Print our AWS username, to ease the pain of credential-juggling
-    greet
+    aws_greet
 
     # Upload our SSH keys to AWS if needed, to be added to each VM's authorized_keys
-    key_name=$(sync_keys)
+    key_name=$(aws_sync_keys)
 
     AMI=$(aws_get_ami)    # Retrieve the AWS image ID
     if [ -z "$AMI" ]; then
@@ -61,7 +66,7 @@ infra_start() {
     aws_tag_instances $TAG $TAG
 
     # Wait until EC2 API tells us that the instances are running
-    wait_until_tag_is_running $TAG $COUNT
+    aws_wait_until_tag_is_running $TAG $COUNT
 
     aws_get_instance_ips_by_tag $TAG > tags/$TAG/ips.txt
 }
@@ -98,7 +103,7 @@ infra_disableaddrchecks() {
     done
 }
 
-wait_until_tag_is_running() {
+aws_wait_until_tag_is_running() {
     max_retry=100
     i=0
     done_count=0
@@ -214,3 +219,32 @@ aws_get_ami() {
     ##VERSION##
     find_ubuntu_ami -r $AWS_DEFAULT_REGION -a amd64 -v 18.04 -t hvm:ebs -N -q
 }
+
+aws_greet() {
+    IAMUSER=$(aws iam get-user --query 'User.UserName')
+    info "Hello! You seem to be UNIX user $USER, and IAM user $IAMUSER."
+}
+
+aws_sync_keys() {
+    # make sure ssh-add -l contains "RSA"
+    ssh-add -l | grep -q RSA \
+        || die "The output of \`ssh-add -l\` doesn't contain 'RSA'. Start the agent, add your keys?"
+
+    AWS_KEY_NAME=$(make_key_name)
+    info "Syncing keys... "
+    if ! aws ec2 describe-key-pairs --key-name "$AWS_KEY_NAME" &>/dev/null; then
+        aws ec2 import-key-pair --key-name $AWS_KEY_NAME \
+            --public-key-material "$(ssh-add -L \
+                | grep -i RSA \
+                | head -n1 \
+                | cut -d " " -f 1-2)" &>/dev/null
+
+        if ! aws ec2 describe-key-pairs --key-name "$AWS_KEY_NAME" &>/dev/null; then
+            die "Somehow, importing the key didn't work. Make sure that 'ssh-add -l | grep RSA | head -n1' returns an RSA key?"
+        else
+            info "Imported new key $AWS_KEY_NAME."
+        fi
+    else
+        info "Using existing key $AWS_KEY_NAME."
+    fi
+}

prepare-vms/lib/infra/hetzner.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+if ! command -v hcloud >/dev/null; then
+  warn "Hetzner CLI (hcloud) not found."
+fi
+if ! [ -f ~/.config/hcloud/cli.toml ]; then
+  warn "~/.config/hcloud/cli.toml not found."
+fi
+
+infra_list() {
+    [ "$(hcloud server list -o json)" = "null" ] && return
+
+    hcloud server list -o json |
+        jq -r '.[] | [.id, .name , .status, .server_type.name] | @tsv'
+}
+
+infra_start() {
+    COUNT=$1
+
+    HETZNER_INSTANCE_TYPE=${HETZNER_INSTANCE_TYPE-cx21}
+    HETZNER_DATACENTER=${HETZNER_DATACENTER-nbg1-dc3}
+    HETZNER_IMAGE=${HETZNER_IMAGE-168855}
+
+    for I in $(seq 1 $COUNT); do
+        NAME=$(printf "%s-%03d" $TAG $I)
+        sep "Starting instance $I/$COUNT"
+        info "    Datacenter: $HETZNER_DATACENTER"
+        info "          Name: $NAME"
+        info " Instance type: $HETZNER_INSTANCE_TYPE"
+        hcloud server create \
+            --type=${HETZNER_INSTANCE_TYPE} \
+            --datacenter=${HETZNER_DATACENTER} \
+            --image=${HETZNER_IMAGE} \
+            --name=$NAME \
+            --label=tag=$TAG \
+            --ssh-key ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
+    done
+
+    hetzner_get_ips_by_tag $TAG > tags/$TAG/ips.txt
+}
+
+infra_stop() {
+    for ID in $(hetzner_get_ids_by_tag $TAG); do
+        info "Scheduling deletion of instance $ID..."
+        hcloud server delete $ID &
+    done
+    info "Waiting for deletion to complete..."
+    wait
+}
+
+hetzner_get_ids_by_tag() {
+    TAG=$1
+    hcloud server list --selector=tag=$TAG -o json | jq -r .[].name
+}
+
+hetzner_get_ips_by_tag() {
+    TAG=$1
+    hcloud server list --selector=tag=$TAG -o json | jq -r .[].public_net.ipv4.ip
+}

prepare-vms/lib/infra/openstack-cli.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+infra_list() {
+    openstack server list -f json |
+        jq -r '.[] | [.ID, .Name , .Status, .Flavor] | @tsv'
+}
+
+infra_start() {
+    COUNT=$1
+
+    sep "Starting $COUNT instances"
+    info " Region: $OS_REGION_NAME"
+    info "   User: $OS_USERNAME"
+    info " Flavor: $OS_FLAVOR"
+    info "  Image: $OS_IMAGE"
+    openstack server create \
+    	--flavor $OS_FLAVOR \
+    	--image $OS_IMAGE \
+    	--key-name $OS_KEY \
+    	--min $COUNT --max $COUNT \
+    	--property workshopctl=$TAG \
+    	$TAG
+
+    sep "Waiting for IP addresses to be available"
+    GOT=0
+    while [ "$GOT" != "$COUNT" ]; do
+    	echo "Got $GOT/$COUNT IP addresses."
+    	oscli_get_ips_by_tag $TAG > tags/$TAG/ips.txt
+    	GOT="$(wc -l < tags/$TAG/ips.txt)"
+    done
+
+}
+
+infra_stop() {
+	info "Counting instances..."
+	oscli_get_instances_json $TAG | 
+		jq -r .[].Name | 
+		wc -l
+	info "Deleting instances..."
+	oscli_get_instances_json $TAG |
+		jq -r .[].Name |
+		xargs -P10 -n1 openstack server delete
+	info "Done."
+}
+
+oscli_get_instances_json() {
+	TAG=$1
+    openstack server list -f json --name "${TAG}-[0-9]*"
+}
+
+oscli_get_ips_by_tag() {
+    TAG=$1
+    oscli_get_instances_json $TAG |
+    	jq -r .[].Networks | grep -oE '[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+' || true
+}

prepare-vms/lib/infra/scaleway.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+if ! command -v scw >/dev/null; then
+  warn "Scaleway CLI (scw) not found."
+fi
+if ! [ -f ~/.config/scw/config.yaml ]; then
+  warn "~/.config/scw/config.yaml not found."
+fi
+
+infra_list() {
+    scw instance server list -o json |
+        jq -r '.[] | [.id, .name, .state, .commercial_type] | @tsv'
+}
+
+infra_start() {
+    COUNT=$1
+
+    SCW_INSTANCE_TYPE=${SCW_INSTANCE_TYPE-DEV1-M}
+    SCW_ZONE=${SCW_ZONE-fr-par-1}
+
+    for I in $(seq 1 $COUNT); do
+        NAME=$(printf "%s-%03d" $TAG $I)
+        sep "Starting instance $I/$COUNT"
+        info "          Zone: $SCW_ZONE"
+        info "          Name: $NAME"
+        info " Instance type: $SCW_INSTANCE_TYPE"
+        scw instance server create \
+            type=${SCW_INSTANCE_TYPE} zone=${SCW_ZONE} \
+            image=ubuntu_bionic name=${NAME}
+    done
+    sep
+
+    scw_get_ips_by_tag $TAG > tags/$TAG/ips.txt
+}
+
+infra_stop() {
+    info "Counting instances..."
+    scw_get_ids_by_tag $TAG | wc -l
+    info "Deleting instances..."
+    scw_get_ids_by_tag $TAG | 
+        xargs -n1 -P10 -I@@ \
+        scw instance server delete force-shutdown=true server-id=@@
+}
+
+scw_get_ids_by_tag() {
+    TAG=$1
+    scw instance server list name=$TAG -o json | jq -r .[].id
+}
+
+scw_get_ips_by_tag() {
+    TAG=$1
+    scw instance server list name=$TAG -o json | jq -r .[].public_ip.address
+}

prepare-vms/lib/infra/unimplemented.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+infra_disableaddrchecks() {
+    die "unimplemented"
+}
+
+infra_list() {
+    die "unimplemented"
+}
+
+infra_opensg() {
+    die "unimplemented"
+}
+
+infra_quotas() {
+    die "unimplemented"
+}
+
+infra_start() {
+    die "unimplemented"
+}
+
+infra_stop() {
+    die "unimplemented"
+}

prepare-vms/lib/postprep.py

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ def system(cmd):
         td = str(t2-t1)[:5]
         f.write(bold("[{}] in {}s\n".format(retcode, td)))
         STEP += 1
-    with open("/home/ubuntu/.bash_history", "a") as f:
+    with open(os.environ["HOME"] + "/.bash_history", "a") as f:
         f.write("{}\n".format(cmd))
     if retcode != 0:
         msg = "The following command failed with exit code {}:\n".format(retcode)
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ system("sudo sed -i 's/PasswordAuthentication no/PasswordAuthentication yes/' /e
 
 system("sudo service ssh restart")
 system("sudo apt-get -q update")
-system("sudo apt-get -qy install git jq")
+system("sudo apt-get -qy install git jid jq")
 system("sudo apt-get -qy install emacs-nox joe")
 
 #######################

prepare-vms/lib/pssh.sh

@@ -18,7 +18,13 @@ pssh() {
     echo "[parallel-ssh] $@"
     export PSSH=$(which pssh || which parallel-ssh)
 
-    $PSSH -h $HOSTFILE -l ubuntu \
+    if [ "$INFRACLASS" = hetzner ]; then
+        LOGIN=root
+    else
+        LOGIN=ubuntu
+    fi
+
+    $PSSH -h $HOSTFILE -l $LOGIN \
         --par 100 \
         -O LogLevel=ERROR \
         -O UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null \

prepare-vms/map-dns.py

@@ -1,21 +1,45 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python
+"""
+There are two ways to use this script:
+
+1. Pass a tag name as a single argument.
+It will then take the clusters corresponding to that tag, and assign one
+domain name per cluster. Currently it gets the domains from a hard-coded
+path. There should be more domains than clusters.
+Example: ./map-dns.py 2020-08-15-jp
+
+2. Pass a domain as the 1st argument, and IP addresses then.
+It will configure the domain with the listed IP addresses.
+Example: ./map-dns.py open-duck.site 1.2.3.4 2.3.4.5 3.4.5.6
+
+In both cases, the domains should be configured to use GANDI LiveDNS.
+"""
 import os
 import requests
+import sys
 import yaml
 
 # configurable stuff
 domains_file = "../../plentydomains/domains.txt"
 config_file = os.path.join(
 	os.environ["HOME"], ".config/gandi/config.yaml")
-tag = "test"
+tag = None
 apiurl = "https://dns.api.gandi.net/api/v5/domains"
 
+if len(sys.argv) == 2:
+	tag = sys.argv[1]
+	domains = open(domains_file).read().split()
+	domains = [ d for d in domains if not d.startswith('#') ]
+	ips = open(f"tags/{tag}/ips.txt").read().split()
+	settings_file = f"tags/{tag}/settings.yaml"
+	clustersize = yaml.safe_load(open(settings_file))["clustersize"]
+else:
+	domains = [sys.argv[1]]
+	ips = sys.argv[2:]
+	clustersize = len(ips)
+
 # inferred stuff
-domains = open(domains_file).read().split()
 apikey = yaml.safe_load(open(config_file))["apirest"]["key"]
-ips = open(f"tags/{tag}/ips.txt").read().split()
-settings_file = f"tags/{tag}/settings.yaml"
-clustersize = yaml.safe_load(open(settings_file))["clustersize"]
 
 # now do the fucking work
 while domains and ips:

prepare-vms/settings/fundamentals.yaml

@@ -21,3 +21,9 @@ machine_version: 0.15.0
 
 # Password used to connect with the "docker user"
 docker_user_password: training
+
+steps:
+  - deploy
+  - webssh
+  - tailhist
+  - cards

prepare-vms/settings/jerome.yaml

@@ -20,3 +20,11 @@ machine_version: 0.14.0
 # Password used to connect with the "docker user"
 docker_user_password: training
 
+steps:
+  - deploy
+  - webssh
+  - tailhist
+  - kube
+  - kubetools
+  - cards
+  - kubetest

prepare-vms/setup-admin-clusters.sh

@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@ TAG=$PREFIX-$SETTINGS
 retry 5 ./workshopctl deploy $TAG
 retry 5 ./workshopctl disabledocker $TAG
 retry 5 ./workshopctl kubebins $TAG
+retry 5 ./workshopctl webssh $TAG
+retry 5 ./workshopctl tailhist $TAG
 ./workshopctl cards $TAG
 
 SETTINGS=admin-kubenet
@@ -48,6 +50,8 @@ TAG=$PREFIX-$SETTINGS
 retry 5 ./workshopctl disableaddrchecks $TAG
 retry 5 ./workshopctl deploy $TAG
 retry 5 ./workshopctl kubebins $TAG
+retry 5 ./workshopctl webssh $TAG
+retry 5 ./workshopctl tailhist $TAG
 ./workshopctl cards $TAG
 
 SETTINGS=admin-kuberouter
@@ -61,6 +65,8 @@ TAG=$PREFIX-$SETTINGS
 retry 5 ./workshopctl disableaddrchecks $TAG
 retry 5 ./workshopctl deploy $TAG
 retry 5 ./workshopctl kubebins $TAG
+retry 5 ./workshopctl webssh $TAG
+retry 5 ./workshopctl tailhist $TAG
 ./workshopctl cards $TAG
 
 #INFRA=infra/aws-us-west-1
@@ -76,5 +82,7 @@ TAG=$PREFIX-$SETTINGS
 	--count $((3*$STUDENTS))
 
 retry 5 ./workshopctl deploy $TAG
-retry 5 ./workshopctl kube $TAG 1.15.9
+retry 5 ./workshopctl kube $TAG 1.17.13
+retry 5 ./workshopctl webssh $TAG
+retry 5 ./workshopctl tailhist $TAG
 ./workshopctl cards $TAG

prepare-vms/terraform/machines.tf

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 resource "openstack_compute_instance_v2" "machine" {
   count           = "${var.count}" 
   name            = "${format("%s-%04d", "${var.prefix}", count.index+1)}"
-  image_name      = "Ubuntu 16.04.5 (Xenial Xerus)"
+  image_name      = "Ubuntu 18.04.4 20200324"
   flavor_name     = "${var.flavor}"
   security_groups = ["${openstack_networking_secgroup_v2.full_access.name}"]
   key_pair        = "${openstack_compute_keypair_v2.ssh_deploy_key.name}"

prepare-vms/workshopctl

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ for lib in lib/*.sh; do
 done
 
 DEPENDENCIES="
-    aws
     ssh
     curl
     jq

slides/_redirects

@@ -1,15 +1,24 @@
 # Uncomment and/or edit one of the the following lines if necessary.
-#/ /kube-halfday.yml.html 200
-#/ /kube-fullday.yml.html 200
-#/ /kube-twodays.yml.html 200
+#/ /kube-halfday.yml.html 200!
+#/ /kube-fullday.yml.html 200!
+#/ /kube-twodays.yml.html 200!
+/ /kube.yml.html 200!
 
 # And this allows to do "git clone https://container.training".
 /info/refs service=git-upload-pack https://github.com/jpetazzo/container.training/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack
 
 #/dockermastery https://www.udemy.com/course/docker-mastery/?referralCode=1410924A733D33635CCB
 #/kubernetesmastery https://www.udemy.com/course/kubernetesmastery/?referralCode=7E09090AF9B79E6C283F
-/dockermastery https://www.udemy.com/course/docker-mastery/?couponCode=SWEETFEBSALEC1
-/kubernetesmastery https://www.udemy.com/course/kubernetesmastery/?couponCode=SWEETFEBSALEC4
+/dockermastery https://www.udemy.com/course/docker-mastery/?couponCode=DOCKERALLDAY
+/kubernetesmastery https://www.udemy.com/course/kubernetesmastery/?couponCode=DOCKERALLDAY
 
 # Shortlink for the QRCode
 /q /qrcode.html 200
+
+# Shortlinks for next training in English and French
+#/next https://www.eventbrite.com/e/livestream-intensive-kubernetes-bootcamp-tickets-103262336428
+/next https://skillsmatter.com/courses/700-advanced-kubernetes-concepts-workshop-jerome-petazzoni
+/hi5 https://enix.io/fr/services/formation/online/
+
+# Survey form
+/please https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfIYSgrV7tpfBNm1hOaprjnBHgWKn5n-k5vtNXYJkOX1sRxng/viewform

slides/autopilot/autotest.py

@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ def setup_tmux_and_ssh():
         ipaddr = "$IPADDR"
         uid = os.getuid()
 
-        raise Exception("""
+        raise Exception(r"""
 1. If you're running this directly from a node:
 
 tmux
@@ -247,6 +247,16 @@ rm -f /tmp/tmux-{uid}/default && ssh -t -L /tmp/tmux-{uid}/default:/tmp/tmux-100
 3. If you cannot control a remote tmux:
 
 tmux new-session ssh docker@{ipaddr}
+
+4. If you are running this locally with a remote cluster, make sure your prompt has the expected format:
+
+tmux
+IPADDR=$(
+  kubectl get nodes -o json |
+  jq -r '.items[0].status.addresses[] | select(.type=="ExternalIP") | .address'
+  )
+export PS1="\n[{ipaddr}] \u@\h:\w\n\$ "
+
 """.format(uid=uid, ipaddr=ipaddr))
     else:
         logging.info("Found tmux session. Trying to acquire shell prompt.")

slides/containers/Advanced_Dockerfiles.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 
 class: title
 
-# Advanced Dockerfiles
+# Advanced Dockerfile Syntax
 
 ![construction](images/title-advanced-dockerfiles.jpg)
 
@@ -12,7 +12,10 @@ class: title
 We have seen simple Dockerfiles to illustrate how Docker build
 container images.
 
-In this section, we will see more Dockerfile commands.
+In this section, we will give a recap of the Dockerfile syntax,
+and introduce advanced Dockerfile commands that we might
+come across sometimes; or that we might want to use in some
+specific scenarios.
 
 ---
 
@@ -420,3 +423,8 @@ ONBUILD COPY . /src
 
 * You can't chain `ONBUILD` instructions with `ONBUILD`.
 * `ONBUILD` can't be used to trigger `FROM` instructions.
+
+???
+
+:EN:- Advanced Dockerfile syntax
+:FR:- Dockerfile niveau expert

slides/containers/Background_Containers.md

@@ -280,3 +280,8 @@ CONTAINER ID  IMAGE           ...  CREATED      STATUS
 5c1dfd4d81f1  jpetazzo/clock  ...  40 min. ago  Exited (0) 40 min. ago
 b13c164401fb  ubuntu          ...  55 min. ago  Exited (130) 53 min. ago
 ```
+
+???
+
+:EN:- Foreground and background containers
+:FR:- Exécution interactive ou en arrière-plan

slides/containers/Building_Images_Interactively.md

@@ -167,3 +167,8 @@ Automated process = good.
 
 In the next chapter, we will learn how to automate the build
 process by writing a `Dockerfile`.
+
+???
+
+:EN:- Building our first images interactively
+:FR:- Fabriquer nos premières images à la main

slides/containers/Building_Images_With_Dockerfiles.md

@@ -363,3 +363,10 @@ In this example, `sh -c` will still be used, but
 The shell gets replaced by `figlet` when `figlet` starts execution.
 
 This allows to run processes as PID 1 without using JSON.
+
+???
+
+:EN:- Towards automated, reproducible builds
+:EN:- Writing our first Dockerfile
+:FR:- Rendre le processus automatique et reproductible
+:FR:- Écrire son premier Dockerfile

slides/containers/Cmd_And_Entrypoint.md

@@ -272,3 +272,7 @@ $ docker run -it --entrypoint bash myfiglet
 root@6027e44e2955:/# 
 ```
 
+???
+
+:EN:- CMD and ENTRYPOINT
+:FR:- CMD et ENTRYPOINT

slides/containers/Compose_For_Dev_Stacks.md

@@ -322,3 +322,11 @@ You can:
 Each copy will run in a different network, totally isolated from the other.
 
 This is ideal to debug regressions, do side-by-side comparisons, etc.
+
+???
+
+:EN:- Using compose to describe an environment
+:EN:- Connecting services together with a *Compose file*
+
+:FR:- Utiliser Compose pour décrire son environnement
+:FR:- Écrire un *Compose file* pour connecter les services entre eux

slides/containers/Container_Network_Model.md

@@ -307,6 +307,8 @@ Let's remove the `redis` container:
 $ docker rm -f redis
 ```
 
+* `-f`: Force the removal of a running container (uses SIGKILL)
+
 And create one that doesn't block the `redis` name:
 
 ```bash

slides/containers/Container_Networking_Basics.md

@@ -226,3 +226,13 @@ We've learned how to:
 
 In the next chapter, we will see how to connect
 containers together without exposing their ports.
+
+???
+
+:EN:Connecting containers
+:EN:- Container networking basics
+:EN:- Exposing a container
+
+:FR:Connecter les conteneurs
+:FR:- Description du modèle réseau des conteneurs
+:FR:- Exposer un conteneur

slides/containers/Copying_Files_During_Build.md

@@ -98,3 +98,8 @@ Success!
   * Place it in a different directory, with the `WORKDIR` instruction.
 
   * Even better, use the `gcc` official image.
+
+???
+
+:EN:- The build cache
+:FR:- Tirer parti du cache afin d'optimiser la vitesse de *build*

slides/containers/Dockerfile_Tips.md

@@ -431,3 +431,8 @@ services:
 - It's OK (and even encouraged) to start simple and evolve as needed.
 
 - Feel free to review this chapter later (after writing a few Dockerfiles) for inspiration!
+
+???
+
+:EN:- Dockerfile tips, tricks, and best practices
+:FR:- Bonnes pratiques pour la construction des images

slides/containers/First_Containers.md

@@ -290,3 +290,8 @@ bash: figlet: command not found
 * We have a clear definition of our environment, and can share it reliably with others.
 
 * Let's see in the next chapters how to bake a custom image with `figlet`!
+
+???
+
+:EN:- Running our first container
+:FR:- Lancer nos premiers conteneurs

slides/containers/Getting_Inside.md

@@ -226,3 +226,8 @@ docker export <container_id> | tar tv
 ```
 
 This will give a detailed listing of the content of the container.
+
+???
+
+:EN:- Troubleshooting and getting inside a container
+:FR:- Inspecter un conteneur en détail, en *live* ou *post-mortem*

slides/containers/Initial_Images.md

@@ -375,3 +375,13 @@ We've learned how to:
 * Understand Docker image namespacing.
 * Search and download images.
 
+???
+
+:EN:Building images
+:EN:- Containers, images, and layers
+:EN:- Image addresses and tags
+:EN:- Finding and transferring images
+
+:FR:Construire des images
+:FR:- La différence entre un conteneur et une image
+:FR:- La notion de *layer* partagé entre images

slides/containers/Labels.md

@@ -80,3 +80,8 @@ $ docker ps --filter label=owner=alice
   (To determine internal cross-billing, or who to page in case of outage.)
 
 * etc.
+
+???
+
+:EN:- Using labels to identify containers
+:FR:- Étiqueter ses conteneurs avec des méta-données

slides/containers/Local_Development_Workflow.md

@@ -391,3 +391,10 @@ We've learned how to:
 
 * Use a simple local development workflow.
 
+???
+
+:EN:Developing with containers
+:EN:- “Containerize” a development environment
+
+:FR:Développer au jour le jour
+:FR:- « Containeriser » son environnement de développement

slides/containers/Multi_Stage_Builds.md

@@ -313,3 +313,11 @@ virtually "free."
 * Sometimes, we want to inspect a specific intermediary build stage.
 
 * Or, we want to describe multiple images using a single Dockerfile.
+
+???
+
+:EN:Optimizing our images and their build process
+:EN:- Leveraging multi-stage builds
+
+:FR:Optimiser les images et leur construction
+:FR:- Utilisation d'un *multi-stage build*

slides/containers/Naming_And_Inspecting.md

@@ -130,3 +130,12 @@ $ docker inspect --format '{{ json .Created }}' <containerID>
 
 * The optional `json` keyword asks for valid JSON output.
   <br/>(e.g. here it adds the surrounding double-quotes.)
+
+???
+
+:EN:Managing container lifecycle
+:EN:- Naming and inspecting containers
+
+:FR:Suivre ses conteneurs à la loupe
+:FR:- Obtenir des informations détaillées sur un conteneur
+:FR:- Associer un identifiant unique à un conteneur

slides/containers/Start_And_Attach.md

@@ -175,3 +175,10 @@ class: extra-details
 * This will cause some CLI and TUI programs to redraw the screen.
 
 * But not all of them.
+
+???
+
+:EN:- Restarting old containers
+:EN:- Detaching and reattaching to container
+:FR:- Redémarrer des anciens conteneurs
+:FR:- Se détacher et rattacher à des conteneurs

slides/containers/Training_Environment.md

@@ -95,6 +95,24 @@ $ ssh <login>@<ip-address>
 
 ---
 
+class: in-person
+
+## `tailhist`
+
+The shell history of the instructor is available online in real time.
+
+Note the IP address of the instructor's virtual machine (A.B.C.D).
+
+Open http://A.B.C.D:1088 in your browser and you should see the history.
+
+The history is updated in real time (using a WebSocket connection).
+
+It should be green when the WebSocket is connected.
+
+If it turns red, reloading the page should fix it.
+
+---
+
 ## Checking your Virtual Machine
 
 Once logged in, make sure that you can run a basic Docker command:
@@ -125,3 +143,11 @@ Server:
 ]
 
 If this doesn't work, raise your hand so that an instructor can assist you!
+
+???
+
+:EN:Container concepts
+:FR:Premier contact avec les conteneurs
+
+:EN:- What's a container engine?
+:FR:- Qu'est-ce qu'un *container engine* ?

slides/containers/Windows_Containers.md

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ Nano and LinuxKit VMs in Hyper-V!)
 
   - golang, mongo, python, redis, hello-world ... and more being added
 
-  - you should still use `--plaform` with multi-os images to be certain
+  - you should still use `--platform` with multi-os images to be certain
 
 - Windows Containers now support `localhost` accessible containers (July 2018)
 

slides/count-slides.py

@@ -11,10 +11,10 @@ class State(object):
         self.section_title = None
         self.section_start = 0
         self.section_slides = 0
-        self.chapters = {}
+        self.modules = {}
         self.sections = {}
     def show(self):
-        if self.section_title.startswith("chapter-"):
+        if self.section_title.startswith("module-"):
             return
         print("{0.section_title}\t{0.section_start}\t{0.section_slides}".format(self))
         self.sections[self.section_title] = self.section_slides
@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ for line in open(sys.argv[1]):
     if line == "--":
         state.current_slide += 1
     toc_links = re.findall("\(#toc-(.*)\)", line)
-    if toc_links and state.section_title.startswith("chapter-"):
-        if state.section_title not in state.chapters:
-            state.chapters[state.section_title] = []
-        state.chapters[state.section_title].append(toc_links[0])
+    if toc_links and state.section_title.startswith("module-"):
+        if state.section_title not in state.modules:
+            state.modules[state.section_title] = []
+        state.modules[state.section_title].append(toc_links[0])
     # This is really hackish
     if line.startswith("class:"):
         for klass in EXCLUDED:
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ for line in open(sys.argv[1]):
 
 state.show()
 
-for chapter in sorted(state.chapters, key=lambda f: int(f.split("-")[1])):
-    chapter_size = sum(state.sections[s] for s in state.chapters[chapter])
-    print("{}\t{}\t{}".format("total size for", chapter, chapter_size))
+for module in sorted(state.modules, key=lambda f: int(f.split("-")[1])):
+    module_size = sum(state.sections[s] for s in state.modules[module])
+    print("{}\t{}\t{}".format("total size for", module, module_size))
 

slides/fix-redirects.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# This script helps to add "force-redirects" where needed.
+# This might replace your entire git repos with Vogon poetry.
+# Use at your own peril!
+
+set -eu
+
+# The easiest way to set this env var is by copy-pasting from
+# the netlify web dashboard, then doctoring the output a bit.
+# Yeah, that's gross, but after spending 10 minutes with the
+# API and the CLI and OAuth, it took about 10 seconds to do it
+# with le copier-coller, so ... :)
+
+SITES="
+2020-01-caen
+2020-01-zr
+2020-02-caen
+2020-02-enix
+2020-02-outreach
+2020-02-vmware
+2020-03-ardan
+2020-03-qcon
+alfun-2019-06
+boosterconf2018
+clt-2019-10
+dc17eu
+decembre2018
+devopsdaysams2018
+devopsdaysmsp2018
+gotochgo2018
+gotochgo2019
+indexconf2018
+intro-2019-01
+intro-2019-04
+intro-2019-06
+intro-2019-08
+intro-2019-09
+intro-2019-11
+intro-2019-12
+k8s2d
+kadm-2019-04
+kadm-2019-06
+kube
+kube-2019-01
+kube-2019-02
+kube-2019-03
+kube-2019-04
+kube-2019-06
+kube-2019-08
+kube-2019-09
+kube-2019-10
+kube-2019-11
+lisa-2019-10
+lisa16t1
+lisa17m7
+lisa17t9
+maersk-2019-07
+maersk-2019-08
+ndcminnesota2018
+nr-2019-08
+oscon2018
+oscon2019
+osseu17
+pycon2019
+qconsf18wkshp
+qconsf2017intro
+qconsf2017swarm
+qconsf2018
+qconuk2019
+septembre2018
+sfsf-2019-06
+srecon2018
+swarm2017
+velny-k8s101-2018
+velocity-2019-11
+velocityeu2018
+velocitysj2018
+vmware-2019-11
+weka
+wwc-2019-10
+wwrk-2019-05
+wwrk-2019-06
+"
+
+for SITE in $SITES; do
+	echo "##### $SITE"
+	git checkout -q origin/$SITE
+	# No _redirects? No problem.
+	if ! [ -f _redirects ]; then
+		continue
+	fi
+	# If there is already a force redirect on /, we're good.
+	if grep '^/ .* 200!' _redirects; then
+		continue
+	fi
+	# If there is a redirect on / ... and it's not forced ... do something.
+	if grep "^/ .* 200$" _redirects; then
+		echo "##### $SITE needs to be patched"
+		sed -i 's,^/ \(.*\) 200$,/ \1 200!,' _redirects
+		git add _redirects
+		git commit -m "fix-redirects.sh: adding forced redirect"
+		git push origin HEAD:$SITE
+		continue
+	fi
+    if grep "^/ " _redirects; then
+		echo "##### $SITE with / but no status code"
+		echo "##### Should I add '200!' ?"
+		read foo
+		sed -i 's,^/ \(.*\)$,/ \1 200!,' _redirects
+		git add _redirects
+		git commit -m "fix-redirects.sh: adding status code and forced redirect"
+		git push origin HEAD:$SITE
+		continue
+	fi
+    echo "##### $SITE without / ?"
+    cat _redirects
+done

slides/index.py

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ FLAGS=dict(
   fr=u"🇫🇷",
   uk=u"🇬🇧",
   us=u"🇺🇸",
+  www=u"🌐",
 )
 
 TEMPLATE="""<html>
@@ -19,9 +20,9 @@ TEMPLATE="""<html>
   <div class="main">
     <table>
       <tr><td class="header" colspan="3">{{ title }}</td></tr>
-      <tr><td class="details" colspan="3">Note: while some workshops are delivered in French, slides are always in English.</td></tr>
+      <tr><td class="details" colspan="3">Note: while some workshops are delivered in other languages, slides are always in English.</td></tr>
 
-      <tr><td class="title" colspan="3">Free video of our latest workshop</td></tr>
+      <tr><td class="title" colspan="3">Free Kubernetes intro course</td></tr>
 
       <tr>
       	<td>Getting Started With Kubernetes and Container Orchestration</td>
@@ -35,11 +36,11 @@ TEMPLATE="""<html>
         <td class="details">If you're interested, we can deliver that workshop (or longer courses) to your team or organization.</td>
       </tr>
       <tr>
-        <td class="details">Contact <a href="mailto:jerome.petazzoni@gmail.com">Jérôme Petazzoni</a> to make that happen!</a></td>
+        <td class="details">Contact <a href="mailto:jerome.petazzoni@gmail.com">Jérôme Petazzoni</a> to make that happen!</td>
       </tr>
 
       {% if coming_soon %}
-        <tr><td class="title" colspan="3">Coming soon near you</td></tr>
+        <tr><td class="title" colspan="3">Coming soon</td></tr>
 
         {% for item in coming_soon %}
           <tr>
@@ -140,13 +141,26 @@ import yaml
 
 items = yaml.safe_load(open("index.yaml"))
 
+
+def prettyparse(date):
+    months = [
+      "January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June",
+      "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"
+    ]
+    month = months[date.month-1]
+    suffix = {
+            1: "st", 2: "nd", 3: "rd",
+            21: "st", 22: "nd", 23: "rd",
+            31: "st"}.get(date.day, "th")
+    return date.year, month, "{}{}".format(date.day, suffix)
+
+
 # Items with a date correspond to scheduled sessions.
 # Items without a date correspond to self-paced content.
 # The date should be specified as a string (e.g. 2018-11-26).
 # It can also be a list of two elements (e.g. [2018-11-26, 2018-11-28]).
 # The latter indicates an event spanning multiple dates.
-# The first date will be used in the generated page, but the event
-# will be considered "current" (and therefore, shown in the list of
+# The event will be considered "current" (shown in the list of
 # upcoming events) until the second date.
 
 for item in items:
@@ -156,19 +170,23 @@ for item in items:
             date_begin, date_end = date
         else:
             date_begin, date_end = date, date
-        suffix = {
-                1: "st", 2: "nd", 3: "rd",
-                21: "st", 22: "nd", 23: "rd",
-                31: "st"}.get(date_begin.day, "th")
-        # %e is a non-standard extension (it displays the day, but without a
-        # leading zero). If strftime fails with ValueError, try to fall back
-        # on %d (which displays the day but with a leading zero when needed).
-        try:
-            item["prettydate"] = date_begin.strftime("%B %e{}, %Y").format(suffix)
-        except ValueError:
-            item["prettydate"] = date_begin.strftime("%B %d{}, %Y").format(suffix)
+        y1, m1, d1 = prettyparse(date_begin)
+        y2, m2, d2 = prettyparse(date_end)
+        if (y1, m1, d1) == (y2, m2, d2):
+            # Single day event
+            pretty_date = "{} {}, {}".format(m1, d1, y1)
+        elif (y1, m1) == (y2, m2):
+            # Multi-day event within a single month
+            pretty_date = "{} {}-{}, {}".format(m1, d1, d2, y1)
+        elif y1 == y2:
+            # Multi-day event spanning more than a month
+            pretty_date = "{} {}-{} {}, {}".format(m1, d1, m2, d2, y1)
+        else:
+            # Event spanning the turn of the year (REALLY???)
+            pretty_date = "{} {}, {}-{} {}, {}".format(m1, d1, y1, m2, d2, y2)
         item["begin"] = date_begin
         item["end"] = date_end
+        item["prettydate"] = pretty_date
     item["flag"] = FLAGS.get(item.get("country"),"")
 
 today = datetime.date.today()

slides/index.yaml

@@ -1,3 +1,152 @@
+- date: [2020-10-05, 2020-10-06]
+  country: www
+  city: streaming
+  event: ENIX SAS
+  speaker: jpetazzo
+  title: Docker intensif (en français)
+  lang: fr
+  attend: https://enix.io/fr/services/formation/online/
+
+- date: [2020-10-07, 2020-10-09]
+  country: www
+  city: streaming
+  event: ENIX SAS
+  speaker: jpetazzo
+  title: Fondamentaux Kubernetes (en français)
+  lang: fr
+  attend: https://enix.io/fr/services/formation/online/
+
+- date: 2020-10-12
+  country: www
+  city: streaming
+  event: ENIX SAS
+  speaker: jpetazzo
+  title: Packaging pour Kubernetes (en français)
+  lang: fr
+  attend: https://enix.io/fr/services/formation/online/
+
+- date: [2020-10-13, 2020-10-14]
+  country: www
+  city: streaming
+  event: ENIX SAS
+  speaker: jpetazzo
+  title: Kubernetes avancé (en français)
+  lang: fr
+  attend: https://enix.io/fr/services/formation/online/
+
+- date: [2020-10-19, 2020-10-20]
+  country: www
+  city: streaming
+  event: ENIX SAS
+  speaker: jpetazzo
+  title: Opérer Kubernetes (en français)
+  lang: fr
+  attend: https://enix.io/fr/services/formation/online/
+
+- date: [2020-09-28, 2020-10-01]
+  country: www
+  city: streaming
+  event: Skills Matter
+  speaker: jpetazzo
+  title: Advanced Kubernetes Concepts
+  attend: https://skillsmatter.com/courses/700-advanced-kubernetes-concepts-workshop-jerome-petazzoni
+
+- date: [2020-08-29, 2020-08-30]
+  country: www
+  city: streaming
+  event: fwdays
+  speaker: jpetazzo
+  title: Intensive Docker Online Workshop
+  attend: https://fwdays.com/en/event/intensive-docker-workshop
+  slides: https://2020-08-fwdays.container.training/
+
+- date: [2020-09-12, 2020-09-13]
+  country: www
+  city: streaming
+  event: fwdays
+  speaker: jpetazzo
+  title: Kubernetes Intensive Online Workshop
+  attend: https://fwdays.com/en/event/kubernetes-intensive-workshop
+  slides: https://2020-09-fwdays.container.training/
+
+- date: [2020-07-07, 2020-07-09]
+  country: www
+  city: streaming
+  event: Ardan Live
+  speaker: jpetazzo
+  title: Intensive Docker Bootcamp
+  attend: https://www.eventbrite.com/e/livestream-intensive-docker-bootcamp-tickets-103258886108
+
+- date: [2020-06-15, 2020-06-16]
+  country: www
+  city: streaming
+  event: ENIX SAS
+  speaker: jpetazzo
+  title: Docker intensif (en français)
+  lang: fr
+  attend: https://enix.io/fr/services/formation/online/
+
+- date: [2020-06-17, 2020-06-19]
+  country: www
+  city: streaming
+  event: ENIX SAS
+  speaker: jpetazzo
+  title: Fondamentaux Kubernetes (en français)
+  lang: fr
+  attend: https://enix.io/fr/services/formation/online/
+
+- date: 2020-06-22
+  country: www
+  city: streaming
+  event: ENIX SAS
+  speaker: jpetazzo
+  title: Packaging pour Kubernetes (en français)
+  lang: fr
+  attend: https://enix.io/fr/services/formation/online/
+
+- date: [2020-06-23, 2020-06-24]
+  country: www
+  city: streaming
+  event: ENIX SAS
+  speaker: jpetazzo
+  title: Kubernetes avancé (en français)
+  lang: fr
+  attend: https://enix.io/fr/services/formation/online/
+
+- date: [2020-06-25, 2020-06-26]
+  country: www
+  city: streaming
+  event: ENIX SAS
+  speaker: jpetazzo
+  title: Opérer Kubernetes (en français)
+  lang: fr
+  attend: https://enix.io/fr/services/formation/online/
+
+- date: [2020-06-09, 2020-06-11]
+  country: www
+  city: streaming
+  event: Ardan Live
+  speaker: jpetazzo
+  title: Intensive Kubernetes Bootcamp
+  attend: https://www.eventbrite.com/e/livestream-intensive-kubernetes-bootcamp-tickets-103262336428
+
+- date: [2020-05-04, 2020-05-08]
+  country: www
+  city: streaming
+  event: Ardan Live
+  speaker: jpetazzo
+  title: Intensive Kubernetes - Advanced Concepts
+  attend: https://www.eventbrite.com/e/livestream-intensive-kubernetes-advanced-concepts-tickets-102358725704
+
+- date: [2020-03-30, 2020-04-02]
+  country: www
+  city: streaming
+  event: Ardan Live
+  speaker: jpetazzo
+  title: Intensive Docker and Kubernetes
+  attend: https://www.eventbrite.com/e/ardan-labs-live-worldwide-march-30-april-2-2020-tickets-100331129108#
+  slides: https://2020-03-ardan.container.training/
+
 - date: 2020-03-06
   country: uk
   city: London

slides/intro-fullday.yml

@@ -14,13 +14,14 @@ slides: http://container.training/
 exclude:
 - self-paced
 
-chapters:
+content:
 - shared/title.md
 - logistics.md
 - containers/intro.md
 - shared/about-slides.md
 - shared/chat-room-im.md
-#- shared/chat-room-zoom.md
+#- shared/chat-room-zoom-meeting.md
+#- shared/chat-room-zoom-webinar.md
 - shared/toc.md
 -
   #- containers/Docker_Overview.md
@@ -43,8 +44,8 @@ chapters:
 -
   - containers/Container_Networking_Basics.md
   #- containers/Network_Drivers.md
-  #- containers/Container_Network_Model.md
   - containers/Local_Development_Workflow.md
+  - containers/Container_Network_Model.md
   - containers/Compose_For_Dev_Stacks.md
   - containers/Exercise_Composefile.md
 -
@@ -64,6 +65,5 @@ chapters:
   #- containers/Pods_Anatomy.md
   #- containers/Ecosystem.md
   #- containers/Orchestration_Overview.md
--
   - shared/thankyou.md
   - containers/links.md

slides/intro-selfpaced.yml

@@ -14,13 +14,14 @@ slides: http://container.training/
 exclude:
 - in-person
 
-chapters:
+content:
 - shared/title.md
 # - shared/logistics.md
 - containers/intro.md
 - shared/about-slides.md
 #- shared/chat-room-im.md
-#- shared/chat-room-zoom.md
+#- shared/chat-room-zoom-meeting.md
+#- shared/chat-room-zoom-webinar.md
 - shared/toc.md
 - - containers/Docker_Overview.md
   - containers/Docker_History.md

slides/intro-twodays.yml

@@ -14,13 +14,14 @@ slides: http://container.training/
 exclude:
 - self-paced
 
-chapters:
+content:
 - shared/title.md
 - logistics.md
 - containers/intro.md
 - shared/about-slides.md
 - shared/chat-room-im.md
-#- shared/chat-room-zoom.md
+#- shared/chat-room-zoom-meeting.md
+#- shared/chat-room-zoom-webinar.md
 - shared/toc.md
 - # DAY 1
   - containers/Docker_Overview.md

slides/k8s/accessinternal.md

@@ -129,3 +129,8 @@ installed and set up `kubectl` to communicate with your cluster.
   ```
 
 ]
+
+???
+
+:EN:- Securely accessing internal services
+:FR:- Accès sécurisé aux services internes

slides/k8s/admission.md

@@ -0,0 +1,549 @@
+# Dynamic Admission Control
+
+- This is one of the many ways to extend the Kubernetes API
+
+- High level summary: dynamic admission control relies on webhooks that are ...
+
+  - dynamic (can be added/removed on the fly)
+
+  - running inside our outside the cluster
+
+  - *validating* (yay/nay) or *mutating* (can change objects that are created/updated)
+
+  - selective (can be configured to apply only to some kinds, some selectors...)
+
+  - mandatory or optional (should it block operations when webhook is down?)
+
+- Used for themselves (e.g. policy enforcement) or as part of operators
+
+---
+
+## Use cases
+
+Some examples ...
+
+- Stand-alone admission controllers
+
+  *validating:* policy enforcement (e.g. quotas, naming conventions ...)
+
+  *mutating:* inject or provide default values (e.g. pod presets)
+
+- Admission controllers part of a greater system
+
+  *validating:* advanced typing for operators
+
+  *mutating:* inject sidecars for service meshes
+
+---
+
+## You said *dynamic?*
+
+- Some admission controllers are built in the API server
+
+- They are enabled/disabled through Kubernetes API server configuration
+
+  (e.g. `--enable-admission-plugins`/`--disable-admission-plugins` flags)
+
+- Here, we're talking about *dynamic* admission controllers
+
+- They can be added/remove while the API server is running
+
+  (without touching the configuration files or even having access to them)
+
+- This is done through two kinds of cluster-scope resources:
+
+  ValidatingWebhookConfiguration and MutatingWebhookConfiguration
+
+---
+
+## You said *webhooks?*
+
+- A ValidatingWebhookConfiguration or MutatingWebhookConfiguration contains:
+
+  - a resource filter
+    <br/>
+    (e.g. "all pods", "deployments in namespace xyz", "everything"...)
+
+  - an operations filter
+    <br/>
+    (e.g. CREATE, UPDATE, DELETE)
+
+  - the address of the webhook server
+
+- Each time an operation matches the filters, it is sent to the webhook server
+
+---
+
+## What gets sent exactly?
+
+- The API server will `POST` a JSON object to the webhook
+
+- That object will be a Kubernetes API message with `kind` `AdmissionReview`
+
+- It will contain a `request` field, with, notably:
+
+  - `request.uid` (to be used when replying)
+
+  - `request.object` (the object created/deleted/changed)
+
+  - `request.oldObject` (when an object is modified)
+
+  - `request.userInfo` (who was making the request to the API in the first place)
+
+(See [the documentation](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/extensible-admission-controllers/#request) for a detailed example showing more fields.)
+
+---
+
+## How should the webhook respond?
+
+- By replying with another `AdmissionReview` in JSON
+
+- It should have a `response` field, with, notably:
+
+  - `response.uid` (matching the `request.uid`)
+
+  - `response.allowed` (`true`/`false`)
+
+  - `response.status.message` (optional string; useful when denying requests)
+
+  - `response.patchType` (when a mutating webhook changes the object; e.g. `json`)
+
+  - `response.patch` (the patch, encoded in base64)
+
+---
+
+## What if the webhook *does not* respond?
+
+- If "something bad" happens, the API server follows the `failurePolicy` option
+
+  - this is a per-webhook option (specified in the webhook configuration)
+
+  - it can be `Fail` (the default) or `Ignore` ("allow all, unmodified")
+
+- What's "something bad"?
+
+  - webhook responds with something invalid
+
+  - webhook takes more than 10 seconds to respond
+    <br/>
+    (this can be changed with `timeoutSeconds` field in the webhook config)
+
+  - webhook is down or has invalid certificates
+    <br/>
+    (TLS! It's not just a good idea; for admission control, it's the law!)
+
+---
+
+## What did you say about TLS?
+
+- The webhook configuration can indicate:
+
+  - either `url` of the webhook server (has to begin with `https://`)
+
+  - or `service.name` and `service.namespace` of a Service on the cluster
+
+- In the latter case, the Service has to accept TLS connections on port 443
+
+- It has to use a certificate with CN `<name>.<namespace>.svc`
+
+  (**and** a `subjectAltName` extension with `DNS:<name>.<namespace>.svc`)
+
+- The certificate needs to be valid (signed by a CA trusted by the API server)
+
+  ... alternatively, we can pass a `caBundle` in the webhook configuration
+
+---
+
+## Webhook server inside or outside
+
+- "Outside" webhook server is defined with `url` option
+
+  - convenient for external webooks (e.g. tamper-resistent audit trail)
+
+  - also great for initial development (e.g. with ngrok)
+
+  - requires outbound connectivity (duh) and can become a SPOF
+
+- "Inside" webhook server is defined with `service` option
+
+  - convenient when the webhook needs to be deployed and managed on the cluster
+
+  - also great for air gapped clusters
+
+  - development can be harder (but tools like [Tilt](https://tilt.dev) can help)
+
+---
+
+## Developing a simple admission webhook
+
+- We're going to register a custom webhook!
+
+- First, we'll just dump the `AdmissionRequest` object
+
+  (using a little Node app)
+
+- Then, we'll implement a strict policy on a specific label
+
+  (using a little Flask app)
+
+- Development will happen in local containers, plumbed with ngrok
+
+- The we will deploy to the cluster 🔥
+
+---
+
+## Running the webhook locally
+
+- We prepared a Docker Compose file to start the whole stack
+
+  (the Node "echo" app, the Flask app, and one ngrok tunnel for each of them)
+
+.exercise[
+
+- Go to the webhook directory:
+  ```bash
+  cd ~/container.training/webhooks/admission
+  ```
+
+- Start the webhook in Docker containers:
+  ```bash
+  docker-compose up
+  ```
+
+]
+
+*Note the URL in `ngrok-echo_1` looking like `url=https://xxxx.ngrok.io`.*
+
+---
+
+class: extra-details
+
+## What's ngrok?
+
+- Ngrok provides secure tunnels to access local services
+
+- Example: run `ngrok http 1234`
+
+- `ngrok` will display a publicly-available URL (e.g. https://xxxxyyyyzzzz.ngrok.io)
+
+- Connections to https://xxxxyyyyzzzz.ngrok.io will terminate at `localhost:1234`
+
+- Basic product is free; extra features (vanity domains, end-to-end TLS...) for $$$
+
+- Perfect to develop our webhook!
+
+- Probably not for production, though
+
+  (webhook requests and responses now pass through the ngrok platform)
+
+---
+
+## Update the webhook configuration
+
+- We have a webhook configuration in `k8s/webhook-configuration.yaml`
+
+- We need to update the configuration with the correct `url`
+
+.exercise[
+
+- Edit the webhook configuration manifest:
+  ```bash
+  vim k8s/webhook-configuration.yaml
+  ```
+
+- **Uncomment** the `url:` line
+
+- **Update** the `.ngrok.io` URL with the URL shown by Compose
+
+- Save and quit
+
+]
+
+---
+
+## Register the webhook configuration
+
+- Just after we register the webhook, it will be called for each matching request
+
+  (CREATE and UPDATE on Pods in all namespaces)
+
+- The `failurePolicy` is `Ignore`
+
+  (so if the webhook server is down, we can still create pods)
+
+.exercise[
+
+- Register the webhook:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl apply -f k8s/webhook-configuration.yaml
+  ```
+
+]
+
+It is strongly recommended to tail the logs of the API server while doing that.
+
+---
+
+## Create a pod
+
+- Let's create a pod and try to set a `color` label
+
+.exercise[
+
+- Create a pod named `chroma`:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl run --restart=Never chroma --image=nginx
+  ```
+
+- Add a label `color` set to `pink`:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl label pod chroma color=pink
+  ```
+
+]
+
+We should see the `AdmissionReview` objects in the Compose logs.
+
+Note: the webhook doesn't do anything (other than printing the request payload).
+
+---
+
+## Use the "real" admission webhook
+
+- We have a small Flask app implementing a particular policy on pod labels:
+
+  - if a pod sets a label `color`, it must be `blue`, `green`, `red`
+
+  - once that `color` label is set, it cannot be removed or changed
+
+- That Flask app was started when we did `docker-compose up` earlier
+
+- It is exposed through its own ngrok tunnel
+
+- We are going to use that webhook instead of the other one
+
+  (by changing only the `url` field in the ValidatingWebhookConfiguration)
+
+---
+
+## Update the webhook configuration
+
+.exercise[
+
+- First, check the ngrok URL of the tunnel for the Flask app:
+  ```bash
+  docker-compose logs ngrok-flask
+  ```
+
+- Then, edit the webhook configuration:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl edit validatingwebhookconfiguration admission.container.training
+  ```
+- Find the `url:` field with the `.ngrok.io` URL and update it
+
+- Save and quit; the new configuration is applied immediately
+
+]
+
+---
+
+## Verify the behavior of the webhook
+
+- Try to create a few pods and/or change labels on existing pods
+
+- What happens if we try to make changes to the earlier pod?
+
+  (the one that has `label=pink`)
+
+---
+
+## Deploying the webhook on the cluster
+
+- Let's see what's needed to self-host the webhook server!
+
+- The webhook needs to be reachable through a Service on our cluster
+
+- The Service needs to accept TLS connections on port 443
+
+- We need a proper TLS certificate:
+
+  - with the right `CN` and `subjectAltName` (`<servicename>.<namespace>.svc`)
+
+  - signed by a trusted CA
+
+- We can either use a "real" CA, or use the `caBundle` option to specify the CA cert
+
+  (the latter makes it easy to use self-signed certs)
+
+---
+
+## In practice
+
+- We're going to generate a key pair and a self-signed certificate
+
+- We will store them in a Secret
+
+- We will run the webhook in a Deployment, exposed with a Service
+
+- We will update the webhook configuration to use that Service
+
+- The Service will be named `admission`, in Namespace `webhooks`
+
+  (keep in mind that the ValidatingWebhookConfiguration itself is at cluster scope)
+
+---
+
+## Let's get to work!
+
+.exercise[
+
+- Make sure we're in the right directory:
+  ```bash
+  cd ~/container.training/webhooks/admission
+  ```
+
+- Create the namespace:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl create namespace webhooks
+  ```
+
+- Switch to the namespace:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl config set-context --current --namespace=webhooks
+  ```
+
+]
+
+---
+
+## Deploying the webhook
+
+- *Normally,* we would author an image for this
+
+- Since our webhook is just *one* Python source file ...
+
+  ... we'll store it in a ConfigMap, and install dependencies on the fly
+
+.exercise[
+
+- Load the webhook source in a ConfigMap:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl create configmap admission --from-file=flask/webhook.py
+  ```
+
+- Create the Deployment and Service:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl apply -f k8s/webhook-server.yaml
+  ```
+
+]
+
+---
+
+## Generating the key pair and certificate
+
+- Let's call OpenSSL to the rescue!
+
+  (of course, there are plenty others options; e.g. `cfssl`)
+
+.exercise[
+
+- Generate a self-signed certificate:
+  ```bash
+    NAMESPACE=webhooks
+    SERVICE=admission
+    CN=$SERVICE.$NAMESPACE.svc
+    openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -nodes -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem \
+        -days 30 -subj /CN=$CN -addext subjectAltName=DNS:$CN
+  ```
+
+- Load up the key and cert in a Secret:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl create secret tls admission --cert=cert.pem --key=key.pem
+  ```
+
+]
+
+---
+
+## Update the webhook configuration
+
+- Let's reconfigure the webhook to use our Service instead of ngrok
+
+.exercise[
+
+- Edit the webhook configuration manifest:
+  ```bash
+  vim k8s/webhook-configuration.yaml
+  ```
+
+- Comment out the `url:` line
+
+- Uncomment the `service:` section
+
+- Save, quit
+
+- Update the webhook configuration:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl apply -f k8s/webhook-configuration.yaml
+  ```
+
+]
+
+---
+
+## Add our self-signed cert to the `caBundle`
+
+- The API server won't accept our self-signed certificate
+
+- We need to add it to the `caBundle` field in the webhook configuration
+
+- The `caBundle` will be our `cert.pem` file, encoded in base64
+
+---
+
+Shell to the rescue!
+
+.exercise[
+
+- Load up our cert and encode it in base64:
+  ```bash
+  CA=$(base64 -w0 < cert.pem)
+  ```
+
+- Define a patch operation to update the `caBundle`:
+  ```bash
+    PATCH='[{
+        "op": "replace",
+        "path": "/webhooks/0/clientConfig/caBundle",
+        "value":"'$CA'"
+    }]'
+  ```
+
+- Patch the webhook configuration:
+  ```bash
+    kubectl patch validatingwebhookconfiguration \
+                  admission.webhook.container.training \
+                  --type='json' -p="$PATCH"
+  ```
+
+]
+
+---
+
+## Try it out!
+
+- Keep an eye on the API server logs
+
+- Tail the logs of the pod running the webhook server
+
+- Create a few pods; we should see requests in the webhook server logs
+
+- Check that the label `color` is enforced correctly
+
+  (it should only allow values of `red`, `green`, `blue`)
+
+???
+
+:EN:- Dynamic admission control with webhooks
+:FR:- Contrôle d'admission dynamique (webhooks)

slides/k8s/apilb.md

@@ -87,3 +87,8 @@
 - Tunnels are also fine
 
   (e.g. [k3s](https://k3s.io/) uses a tunnel to allow each node to contact the API server)
+
+???
+
+:EN:- Ensuring API server availability
+:FR:- Assurer la disponibilité du serveur API

slides/k8s/architecture.md

@@ -381,3 +381,8 @@ We demonstrated *update* and *watch* semantics.
   - if the pod has special constraints that can't be met
 
   - if the scheduler is not running (!)
+
+???
+
+:EN:- Kubernetes architecture review
+:FR:- Passage en revue de l'architecture de Kubernetes

slides/k8s/authn-authz.md

@@ -1,6 +1,74 @@
 # Authentication and authorization
 
-*And first, a little refresher!*
+- In this section, we will:
+
+  - define authentication and authorization
+
+  - explain how they are implemented in Kubernetes
+
+  - talk about tokens, certificates, service accounts, RBAC ...
+
+- But first: why do we need all this?
+
+---
+
+## The need for fine-grained security
+
+- The Kubernetes API should only be available for identified users
+
+  - we don't want "guest access" (except in very rare scenarios)
+
+  - we don't want strangers to use our compute resources, delete our apps ...
+
+  - our keys and passwords should not be exposed to the public
+
+- Users will often have different access rights
+
+  - cluster admin (similar to UNIX "root") can do everything
+
+  - developer might access specific resources, or a specific namespace
+
+  - supervision might have read only access to *most* resources
+
+---
+
+## Example: custom HTTP load balancer
+
+- Let's imagine that we have a custom HTTP load balancer for multiple apps
+
+- Each app has its own *Deployment* resource
+
+- By default, the apps are "sleeping" and scaled to zero
+
+- When a request comes in, the corresponding app gets woken up
+
+- After some inactivity, the app is scaled down again
+
+- This HTTP load balancer needs API access (to scale up/down)
+
+- What if *a wild vulnerability appears*?
+
+---
+
+## Consequences of vulnerability
+
+- If the HTTP load balancer has the same API access as we do:
+
+  *full cluster compromise (easy data leak, cryptojacking...)*
+
+- If the HTTP load balancer has `update` permissions on the Deployments:
+
+  *defacement (easy), MITM / impersonation (medium to hard)*
+
+- If the HTTP load balancer only has permission to `scale` the Deployments:
+
+  *denial-of-service*
+
+- All these outcomes are bad, but some are worse than others
+
+---
+
+## Definitions
 
 - Authentication = verifying the identity of a person
 
@@ -50,7 +118,7 @@
 
 - [HTTP basic auth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_access_authentication)
 
-  (carrying user and password in an HTTP header)
+  (carrying user and password in an HTTP header; [deprecated since Kubernetes 1.19](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/89069))
 
 - Authentication proxy
 
@@ -147,7 +215,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
   (if their key is compromised, or they leave the organization)
 
-- Option 1: re-create a new CA and re-issue everyone's certificates 
+- Option 1: re-create a new CA and re-issue everyone's certificates
   <br/>
   → Maybe OK if we only have a few users; no way otherwise
 
@@ -631,7 +699,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
 - Let's look for these in existing ClusterRoleBindings:
   ```bash
-  kubectl get clusterrolebindings -o yaml | 
+  kubectl get clusterrolebindings -o yaml |
     grep -e kubernetes-admin -e system:masters
   ```
 
@@ -676,3 +744,17 @@ class: extra-details
 - Both are available as standalone programs, or as plugins for `kubectl`
 
   (`kubectl` plugins can be installed and managed with `krew`)
+
+???
+
+:EN:- Authentication and authorization in Kubernetes
+:EN:- Authentication with tokens and certificates
+:EN:- Authorization with RBAC (Role-Based Access Control)
+:EN:- Restricting permissions with Service Accounts
+:EN:- Working with Roles, Cluster Roles, Role Bindings, etc.
+
+:FR:- Identification et droits d'accès dans Kubernetes
+:FR:- Mécanismes d'identification par jetons et certificats
+:FR:- Le modèle RBAC *(Role-Based Access Control)*
+:FR:- Restreindre les permissions grâce aux *Service Accounts*
+:FR:- Comprendre les *Roles*, *Cluster Roles*, *Role Bindings*, etc.

slides/k8s/batch-jobs.md

@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+# Executing batch jobs
+
+- Deployments are great for stateless web apps
+
+  (as well as workers that keep running forever)
+
+- Pods are great for one-off execution that we don't care about
+
+  (because they don't get automatically restarted if something goes wrong)
+
+- Jobs are great for "long" background work
+
+  ("long" being at least minutes our hours)
+
+- CronJobs are great to schedule Jobs at regular intervals
+
+  (just like the classic UNIX `cron` daemon with its `crontab` files)
+
+---
+
+## Creating a Job
+
+- A Job will create a Pod
+
+- If the Pod fails, the Job will create another one
+
+- The Job will keep trying until:
+
+  - either a Pod succeeds,
+
+  - or we hit the *backoff limit* of the Job (default=6)
+
+.exercise[
+
+- Create a Job that has a 50% chance of success:
+  ```bash
+    kubectl create job flipcoin --image=alpine -- sh -c 'exit $(($RANDOM%2))' 
+  ```
+
+]
+
+---
+
+## Our Job in action
+
+- Our Job will create a Pod named `flipcoin-xxxxx`
+
+- If the Pod succeeds, the Job stops
+
+- If the Pod fails, the Job creates another Pod
+
+.exercise[
+
+- Check the status of the Pod(s) created by the Job:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl get pods --selector=job-name=flipcoin
+  ```
+
+]
+
+---
+
+class: extra-details
+
+## More advanced jobs
+
+- We can specify a number of "completions" (default=1)
+
+- This indicates how many times the Job must be executed
+
+- We can specify the "parallelism" (default=1)
+
+- This indicates how many Pods should be running in parallel
+
+- These options cannot be specified with `kubectl create job`
+
+  (we have to write our own YAML manifest to use them)
+
+---
+
+## Scheduling periodic background work
+
+- A Cron Job is a Job that will be executed at specific intervals
+
+  (the name comes from the traditional cronjobs executed by the UNIX crond)
+
+- It requires a *schedule*, represented as five space-separated fields:
+
+  - minute [0,59]
+  - hour [0,23]
+  - day of the month [1,31]
+  - month of the year [1,12]
+  - day of the week ([0,6] with 0=Sunday)
+
+- `*` means "all valid values"; `/N` means "every N"
+
+- Example: `*/3 * * * *` means "every three minutes"
+
+---
+
+## Creating a Cron Job
+
+- Let's create a simple job to be executed every three minutes
+
+- Careful: make sure that the job terminates!
+
+  (The Cron Job will not hold if a previous job is still running)
+
+.exercise[
+
+- Create the Cron Job:
+  ```bash
+    kubectl create cronjob every3mins --schedule="*/3 * * * *" \
+            --image=alpine -- sleep 10
+  ```
+
+- Check the resource that was created:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl get cronjobs
+  ```
+
+]
+
+---
+
+## Cron Jobs in action
+
+- At the specified schedule, the Cron Job will create a Job
+
+- The Job will create a Pod
+
+- The Job will make sure that the Pod completes
+
+  (re-creating another one if it fails, for instance if its node fails)
+
+.exercise[
+
+- Check the Jobs that are created:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl get jobs
+  ```
+
+]
+
+(It will take a few minutes before the first job is scheduled.)
+
+---
+
+class: extra-details
+
+## Setting a time limit
+
+- It is possible to set a time limit (or deadline) for a job
+
+- This is done with the field `spec.activeDeadlineSeconds`
+
+  (by default, it is unlimited)
+
+- When the job is older than this time limit, all its pods are terminated
+
+- Note that there can also be a `spec.activeDeadlineSeconds` field in pods!
+
+- They can be set independently, and have different effects:
+
+  - the deadline of the job will stop the entire job
+
+  - the deadline of the pod will only stop an individual pod
+
+---
+
+class: extra-details
+
+## What about `kubectl run` before v1.18?
+
+- Creating a Deployment:
+
+  `kubectl run`
+
+- Creating a Pod:
+
+  `kubectl run --restart=Never`
+
+- Creating a Job:
+
+  `kubectl run --restart=OnFailure`
+
+- Creating a Cron Job:
+
+  `kubectl run --restart=OnFailure --schedule=...`
+
+*Avoid using these forms, as they are deprecated since Kubernetes 1.18!*
+
+---
+
+## Beyond `kubectl create`
+
+- As hinted earlier, `kubectl create` doesn't always expose all options
+
+  - can't express parallelism or completions of Jobs
+
+  - can't express healthchecks, resource limits
+
+- `kubectl create` and `kubectl run` are *helpers* that generate YAML manifests
+
+- If we write these manifests ourselves, we can use all features and options
+
+- We'll see later how to do that!
+
+???
+
+:EN:- Running batch and cron jobs
+:FR:- Tâches périodiques *(cron)* et traitement par lots *(batch)*

slides/k8s/bootstrap.md

@@ -257,3 +257,8 @@ This is the TLS bootstrap mechanism, step by step.
   - [kubeadm token](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-token/) command
 
   - [kubeadm join](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-join/) command (has details about [the join workflow](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-join/#join-workflow))
+
+???
+
+:EN:- Leveraging TLS bootstrap to join nodes
+:FR:- Ajout de nœuds grâce au *TLS bootstrap*

slides/k8s/cloud-controller-manager.md

@@ -142,3 +142,8 @@ The list includes the following providers:
   - [configuration](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/cloud-providers/) (mainly for OpenStack)
 
   - [deployment](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/running-cloud-controller/)
+
+???
+
+:EN:- The Cloud Controller Manager
+:FR:- Le *Cloud Controller Manager*

slides/k8s/cluster-backup.md

@@ -217,15 +217,16 @@ docker run --rm --net host -v $PWD:/vol \
 
 ## How can we remember all these flags?
 
-- Look at the static pod manifest for etcd
+- Older versions of kubeadm did add a healthcheck probe with all these flags
 
-  (in `/etc/kubernetes/manifests`)
+- That healthcheck probe was calling `etcdctl` with all the right flags 
 
-- The healthcheck probe is calling `etcdctl` with all the right flags 
-  😉👍✌️
+- With recent versions of kubeadm, we're on our own!
 
 - Exercise: write the YAML for a batch job to perform the backup
 
+  (how will you access the key and certificate required to connect?)
+
 ---
 
 ## Restoring an etcd snapshot
@@ -364,3 +365,8 @@ docker run --rm --net host -v $PWD:/vol \
 - [bivac](https://github.com/camptocamp/bivac) 
 
   Backup Interface for Volumes Attached to Containers 
+
+???
+
+:EN:- Backing up clusters
+:FR:- Politiques de sauvegarde

slides/k8s/cluster-sizing.md

@@ -165,3 +165,12 @@ class: extra-details
 - Security advantage (stronger isolation between pods)
 
 Check [this blog post](http://jpetazzo.github.io/2019/02/13/running-kubernetes-without-nodes-with-kiyot/) for more details.
+
+???
+
+:EN:- What happens when the cluster is at, or over, capacity
+:EN:- Cluster sizing and scaling
+
+:FR:- Ce qui se passe quand il n'y a plus assez de ressources
+:FR:- Dimensionner et redimensionner ses clusters
+

slides/k8s/cluster-upgrade.md

@@ -501,3 +501,11 @@ class: extra-details
 - Then upgrading kubeadm to 1.16.X, etc.
 
 - **Make sure to read the release notes before upgrading!**
+
+???
+
+:EN:- Best practices for cluster upgrades
+:EN:- Example: upgrading a kubeadm cluster
+
+:FR:- Bonnes pratiques pour la mise à jour des clusters
+:FR:- Exemple : mettre à jour un cluster kubeadm

slides/k8s/cni.md

@@ -574,3 +574,8 @@ done
 - This could be useful for embedded platforms with very limited resources
 
   (or lab environments for learning purposes)
+
+???
+
+:EN:- Configuring CNI plugins
+:FR:- Configurer des plugins CNI

slides/k8s/concepts-k8s.md

@@ -401,3 +401,8 @@ class: pic
   - IP addresses are associated with *pods*, not with individual containers
 
 Both diagrams used with permission.
+
+???
+
+:EN:- Kubernetes concepts
+:FR:- Kubernetes en théorie

slides/k8s/configuration.md

@@ -210,6 +210,8 @@
 
   (through files that get created in the container filesystem)
 
+- That second link also includes a list of all the fields that can be used with the downward API
+
 ---
 
 ## Environment variables, pros and cons
@@ -534,6 +536,8 @@ spec:
 
 ---
 
+class: extra-details
+
 ## Differences between configmaps and secrets
  
 - Secrets are base64-encoded when shown with `kubectl get secrets -o yaml`
@@ -547,3 +551,36 @@ spec:
 - With RBAC, we can authorize a user to access configmaps, but not secrets
 
   (since they are two different kinds of resources)
+
+---
+
+class: extra-details
+
+## Immutable ConfigMaps and Secrets
+
+- Since Kubernetes 1.19, it is possible to mark a ConfigMap or Secret as *immutable*
+
+  ```bash
+  kubectl patch configmap xyz --patch='{"immutable": true}'
+  ```
+
+- This brings performance improvements when using lots of ConfigMaps and Secrets
+
+  (lots = tens of thousands)
+
+- Once a ConfigMap or Secret has been marked as immutable:
+
+  - its content cannot be changed anymore
+  - the `immutable` field can't be changed back either
+  - the only way to change it is to delete and re-create it
+  - Pods using it will have to be re-created as well
+
+???
+
+:EN:- Managing application configuration
+:EN:- Exposing configuration with the downward API
+:EN:- Exposing configuration with Config Maps and Secrets
+
+:FR:- Gérer la configuration des applications
+:FR:- Configuration au travers de la *downward API*
+:FR:- Configuration via les *Config Maps* et *Secrets*

slides/k8s/control-plane-auth.md

@@ -263,3 +263,8 @@ spec:
     #name: web-xyz1234567-pqr89
 EOF
 ```
+
+???
+
+:EN:- Control plane authentication
+:FR:- Sécurisation du plan de contrôle

slides/k8s/csr-api.md

@@ -132,11 +132,33 @@ For a user named `jean.doe`, we will have:
 
 - ServiceAccount `jean.doe` in Namespace `users`
 
-- CertificateSigningRequest `users:jean.doe`
+- CertificateSigningRequest `user=jean.doe`
 
-- ClusterRole `users:jean.doe` giving read/write access to that CSR
+- ClusterRole `user=jean.doe` giving read/write access to that CSR
 
-- ClusterRoleBinding `users:jean.doe` binding ClusterRole and ServiceAccount
+- ClusterRoleBinding `user=jean.doe` binding ClusterRole and ServiceAccount
+
+---
+
+class: extra-details
+
+## About resource name constraints
+
+- Most Kubernetes identifiers and names are fairly restricted
+
+- They generally are DNS-1123 *labels* or *subdomains* (from [RFC 1123](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1123))
+
+- A label is lowercase letters, numbers, dashes; can't start or finish with a dash
+
+- A subdomain is one or multiple labels separated by dots
+
+- Some resources have more relaxed constraints, and can be "path segment names"
+
+  (uppercase are allowed, as well as some characters like `#:?!,_`)
+
+- This includes RBAC objects (like Roles, RoleBindings...) and CSRs
+
+- See the [Identifiers and Names](https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/design-proposals/architecture/identifiers.md) design document and the [Object Names and IDs](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/names/#path-segment-names) documentation page for more details
 
 ---
 
@@ -153,7 +175,7 @@ For a user named `jean.doe`, we will have:
 
 - Create the ServiceAccount, ClusterRole, ClusterRoleBinding for `jean.doe`:
   ```bash
-  kubectl apply -f ~/container.training/k8s/users:jean.doe.yaml
+  kubectl apply -f ~/container.training/k8s/user=jean.doe.yaml
   ```
 
 ]
@@ -195,7 +217,13 @@ For a user named `jean.doe`, we will have:
 
 - Add a new context using that identity:
   ```bash
-  kubectl config set-context jean.doe --user=token:jean.doe --cluster=kubernetes
+  kubectl config set-context jean.doe --user=token:jean.doe --cluster=`kubernetes`
+  ```
+  (Make sure to adapt the cluster name if yours is different!)
+
+- Use that context:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl config use-context jean.doe
   ```
 
 ]
@@ -216,7 +244,7 @@ For a user named `jean.doe`, we will have:
 
 - Try to access "our" CertificateSigningRequest:
   ```bash
-  kubectl get csr users:jean.doe
+  kubectl get csr user=jean.doe
   ```
   (This should tell us "NotFound")
 
@@ -273,7 +301,7 @@ The command above generates:
     apiVersion: certificates.k8s.io/v1beta1
     kind: CertificateSigningRequest
     metadata:
-      name: users:jean.doe
+      name: user=jean.doe
     spec:
       request: $(base64 -w0 < csr.pem)
       usages:
@@ -324,12 +352,12 @@ The command above generates:
 
 - Inspect the CSR:
   ```bash
-  kubectl describe csr users:jean.doe
+  kubectl describe csr user=jean.doe
   ```
 
 - Approve it:
   ```bash
-  kubectl certificate approve users:jean.doe
+  kubectl certificate approve user=jean.doe
   ```
 
 ]
@@ -347,7 +375,7 @@ The command above generates:
 
 - Retrieve the updated CSR object and extract the certificate:
   ```bash
-  kubectl get csr users:jean.doe \
+  kubectl get csr user=jean.doe \
           -o jsonpath={.status.certificate} \
           | base64 -d > cert.pem
   ```
@@ -424,3 +452,8 @@ To be usable in real environments, we would need to add:
   - we get strong security *and* convenience
 
 - Systems like Vault also have certificate issuance mechanisms
+
+???
+
+:EN:- Generating user certificates with the CSR API
+:FR:- Génération de certificats utilisateur avec la CSR API

slides/k8s/daemonset.md

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@
 
 <!-- ##VERSION## -->
 
-- Unfortunately, as of Kubernetes 1.17, the CLI cannot create daemon sets
+- Unfortunately, as of Kubernetes 1.19, the CLI cannot create daemon sets
 
 --
 
@@ -431,15 +431,21 @@ class: extra-details
 
 ---
 
-## Complex selectors
+## Selectors with multiple labels
 
 - If a selector specifies multiple labels, they are understood as a logical *AND*
 
-  (In other words: the pods must match all the labels)
+  (in other words: the pods must match all the labels)
 
-- Kubernetes has support for advanced, set-based selectors
+- We cannot have a logical *OR*
 
-  (But these cannot be used with services, at least not yet!)
+  (e.g. `app=api AND (release=prod OR release=preprod)`)
+
+- We can, however, apply as many extra labels as we want to our pods:
+
+  - use selector `app=api AND prod-or-preprod=yes`
+
+  - add `prod-or-preprod=yes` to both sets of pods
 
 ---
 
@@ -688,3 +694,97 @@ class: extra-details
     (by setting their label accordingly)
 
 - This gives us building blocks for canary and blue/green deployments
+
+---
+
+class: extra-details
+
+## Advanced label selectors
+
+- As indicated earlier, service selectors are limited to a `AND`
+
+- But in many other places in the Kubernetes API, we can use complex selectors
+
+  (e.g. Deployment, ReplicaSet, DaemonSet, NetworkPolicy ...)
+
+- These allow extra operations; specifically:
+
+  - checking for presence (or absence) of a label
+
+  - checking if a label is (or is not) in a given set
+
+- Relevant documentation:
+
+  [Service spec](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.19/#servicespec-v1-core),
+  [LabelSelector spec](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.19/#labelselector-v1-meta),
+  [label selector doc](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels/#label-selectors)
+
+---
+
+class: extra-details
+
+## Example of advanced selector
+
+```yaml
+  theSelector:
+    matchLabels:
+      app: portal
+      component: api
+    matchExpressions:
+    - key: release
+      operator: In
+      values: [ production, preproduction ]
+    - key: signed-off-by
+      operator: Exists
+```
+
+This selector matches pods that meet *all* the indicated conditions.
+
+`operator` can be `In`, `NotIn`, `Exists`, `DoesNotExist`.
+
+A `nil` selector matches *nothing*, a `{}` selector matches *everything*.
+<br/>
+(Because that means "match all pods that meet at least zero condition".)
+
+---
+
+class: extra-details
+
+## Services and Endpoints
+
+- Each Service has a corresponding Endpoints resource
+
+  (see `kubectl get endpoints` or `kubectl get ep`)
+
+- That Endpoints resource is used by various controllers
+
+  (e.g. `kube-proxy` when setting up `iptables` rules for ClusterIP services)
+
+- These Endpoints are populated (and updated) with the Service selector
+
+- We can update the Endpoints manually, but our changes will get overwritten
+
+- ... Except if the Service selector is empty!
+
+---
+
+class: extra-details
+
+## Empty Service selector
+
+- If a service selector is empty, Endpoints don't get updated automatically
+
+  (but we can still set them manually)
+
+- This lets us create Services pointing to arbitrary destinations
+
+  (potentially outside the cluster; or things that are not in pods)
+
+- Another use-case: the `kubernetes` service in the `default` namespace
+
+  (its Endpoints are maintained automatically by the API server)
+
+???
+
+:EN:- Scaling with Daemon Sets
+:FR:- Utilisation de Daemon Sets

slides/k8s/dashboard.md

@@ -2,47 +2,65 @@
 
 - Kubernetes resources can also be viewed with a web dashboard
 
-- That dashboard is usually exposed over HTTPS
-
-  (this requires obtaining a proper TLS certificate)
-
 - Dashboard users need to authenticate
 
-- We are going to take a *dangerous* shortcut
+  (typically with a token)
+
+- The dashboard should be exposed over HTTPS
+
+  (to prevent interception of the aforementioned token)
+
+- Ideally, this requires obtaining a proper TLS certificate
+
+  (for instance, with Let's Encrypt)
 
 ---
 
-## The insecure method
+## Three ways to install the dashboard
 
-- We could (and should) use [Let's Encrypt](https://letsencrypt.org/) ...
+- Our `k8s` directory has no less than three manifests!
 
-- ... but we don't want to deal with TLS certificates
+- `dashboard-recommended.yaml`
 
-- We could (and should) learn how authentication and authorization work ...
+  (purely internal dashboard; user must be created manually)
 
-- ... but we will use a guest account with admin access instead
+- `dashboard-with-token.yaml`
 
-.footnote[.warning[Yes, this will open our cluster to all kinds of shenanigans. Don't do this at home.]]
+  (dashboard exposed with NodePort; creates an admin user for us)
+
+- `dashboard-insecure.yaml` aka *YOLO*
+
+  (dashboard exposed over HTTP; gives root access to anonymous users)
 
 ---
 
-## Running a very insecure dashboard
+## `dashboard-insecure.yaml`
 
-- We are going to deploy that dashboard with *one single command*
+- This will allow anyone to deploy anything on your cluster
 
-- This command will create all the necessary resources
+  (without any authentication whatsoever)
 
-  (the dashboard itself, the HTTP wrapper, the admin/guest account)
+- **Do not** use this, except maybe on a local cluster
 
-- All these resources are defined in a YAML file
+  (or a cluster that you will destroy a few minutes later)
 
-- All we have to do is load that YAML file with with `kubectl apply -f`
+- On "normal" clusters, use `dashboard-with-token.yaml` instead!
+
+---
+
+## What's in the manifest?
+
+- The dashboard itself
+
+- An HTTP/HTTPS unwrapper (using `socat`)
+
+- The guest/admin account
 
 .exercise[
 
 - Create all the dashboard resources, with the following command:
   ```bash
-  kubectl apply -f ~/container.training/k8s/insecure-dashboard.yaml
+  kubectl apply -f ~/container.training/k8s/dashboard-insecure.yaml
   ```
 
 ]
@@ -89,11 +107,26 @@ The dashboard will then ask you which authentication you want to use.
 
 --
 
-.warning[By the way, we just added a backdoor to our Kubernetes cluster!]
+.warning[Remember, we just added a backdoor to our Kubernetes cluster!]
 
 ---
 
-## Running the Kubernetes dashboard securely
+## Closing the backdoor
+
+- Seriously, don't leave that thing running!
+
+.exercise[
+
+- Remove what we just created:
+  ```bash
+    kubectl delete -f ~/container.training/k8s/dashboard-insecure.yaml
+  ```
+
+]
+
+---
+
+## The risks
 
 - The steps that we just showed you are *for educational purposes only!*
 
@@ -105,6 +138,99 @@ The dashboard will then ask you which authentication you want to use.
 
 ---
 
+## `dashboard-with-token.yaml`
+
+- This is a less risky way to deploy the dashboard
+
+- It's not completely secure, either:
+
+  - we're using a self-signed certificate
+
+  - this is subject to eavesdropping attacks
+
+- Using `kubectl port-forward` or `kubectl proxy` is even better
+
+---
+
+## What's in the manifest?
+
+- The dashboard itself (but exposed with a `NodePort`)
+
+- A ServiceAccount with `cluster-admin` privileges
+
+  (named `kubernetes-dashboard:cluster-admin`)
+
+.exercise[
+
+- Create all the dashboard resources, with the following command:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl apply -f ~/container.training/k8s/dashboard-with-token.yaml
+  ```
+
+]
+
+---
+
+## Obtaining the token
+
+- The manifest creates a ServiceAccount
+
+- Kubernetes will automatically generate a token for that ServiceAccount
+
+.exercise[
+
+- Display the token:
+  ```bash
+    kubectl --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard \
+      describe secret cluster-admin-token
+  ```
+
+]
+
+The token should start with `eyJ...` (it's a JSON Web Token).
+
+Note that the secret name will actually be `cluster-admin-token-xxxxx`.
+<br/>
+(But `kubectl` prefix matches are great!)
+
+---
+
+## Connecting to the dashboard
+
+.exercise[
+
+- Check which port the dashboard is on:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl get svc --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
+  ```
+
+]
+
+You'll want the `3xxxx` port.
+
+
+.exercise[
+
+- Connect to http://oneofournodes:3xxxx/
+
+<!-- ```open http://node1:3xxxx/``` -->
+
+]
+
+The dashboard will then ask you which authentication you want to use.
+
+---
+
+## Dashboard authentication
+
+- Select "token" authentication
+
+- Copy paste the token (starting with `eyJ...`) obtained earlier
+
+- We're logged in!
+
+---
+
 ## Other dashboards
 
 - [Kube Web View](https://codeberg.org/hjacobs/kube-web-view)
@@ -115,7 +241,7 @@ The dashboard will then ask you which authentication you want to use.
 
   - see [vision and goals](https://kube-web-view.readthedocs.io/en/latest/vision.html#vision) for details
 
-- [Kube Ops View](https://github.com/hjacobs/kube-ops-view)
+- [Kube Ops View](https://codeberg.org/hjacobs/kube-ops-view)
 
   - "provides a common operational picture for multiple Kubernetes clusters"
 
@@ -172,3 +298,8 @@ The dashboard will then ask you which authentication you want to use.
 - It introduces new failure modes
 
   (for instance, if you try to apply YAML from a link that's no longer valid)
+
+???
+
+:EN:- The Kubernetes dashboard
+:FR:- Le *dashboard* Kubernetes

slides/k8s/declarative.md

@@ -26,3 +26,8 @@
 - When we want to change some resource, we update the *spec*
 
 - Kubernetes will then *converge* that resource
+
+???
+
+:EN:- Declarative vs imperative models
+:FR:- Modèles déclaratifs et impératifs