fix-redirects.sh: adding forced redirect

Fixes #426

.gitignore

@@ -1,13 +1,23 @@
 *.pyc
 *.swp
 *~
-prepare-vms/ips.txt
-prepare-vms/ips.html
-prepare-vms/ips.pdf
-prepare-vms/settings.yaml
 prepare-vms/tags
+prepare-vms/infra
 slides/*.yml.html
 slides/autopilot/state.yaml
 slides/index.html
 slides/past.html
+slides/slides.zip
 node_modules
+
+### macOS ###
+# General
+.DS_Store
+.AppleDouble
+.LSOverride
+
+### Windows ###
+# Windows thumbnail cache files
+Thumbs.db
+ehthumbs.db
+ehthumbs_vista.db

README.md

@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ this section is for you!
   locked-down computer, host firewall, etc.
 - Horrible wifi, or ssh port TCP/22 not open on network! If wifi sucks you
   can try using MOSH https://mosh.org which handles SSH over UDP. TMUX can also
-  prevent you from loosing your place if you get disconnected from servers.
+  prevent you from losing your place if you get disconnected from servers.
   https://tmux.github.io
 - Forget to print "cards" and cut them up for handing out IP's.
 - Forget to have fun and focus on your students!

dockercoins/hasher/Dockerfile

@@ -5,6 +5,3 @@ RUN gem install thin
 ADD hasher.rb /
 CMD ["ruby", "hasher.rb"]
 EXPOSE 80
-HEALTHCHECK \
-  --interval=1s --timeout=2s --retries=3 --start-period=1s \
-  CMD curl http://localhost/ || exit 1

elk/docker-compose.yml

@@ -2,14 +2,14 @@ version: "2"
 
 services:
   elasticsearch:
-    image: elasticsearch
+    image: elasticsearch:2
     # If you need to access ES directly, just uncomment those lines.
     #ports:
     #  - "9200:9200"
     #  - "9300:9300"
 
   logstash:
-    image: logstash
+    image: logstash:2
     command: |
       -e '
       input {
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ services:
       - "12201:12201/udp"
 
   kibana:
-    image: kibana
+    image: kibana:4
     ports:
       - "5601:5601"
     environment:

k8s/consul.yaml

@@ -1,3 +1,37 @@
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+kind: ClusterRole
+metadata:
+  name: consul
+  labels:
+    app: consul
+rules:
+  - apiGroups: [""]
+    resources:
+      - pods
+    verbs:
+      - get
+      - list
+---
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+kind: ClusterRoleBinding
+metadata:
+  name: consul
+roleRef:
+  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
+  kind: ClusterRole
+  name: consul
+subjects:
+  - kind: ServiceAccount
+    name: consul
+    namespace: default
+---
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ServiceAccount
+metadata:
+  name: consul
+  labels:
+    app: consul
+---
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: Service
 metadata:
@@ -24,6 +58,7 @@ spec:
       labels:
         app: consul
     spec:
+      serviceAccountName: consul
       affinity:
         podAntiAffinity:
           requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
@@ -37,18 +72,11 @@ spec:
       terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
       containers:
         - name: consul
-          image: "consul:1.2.2"
-          env:
-            - name: NAMESPACE
-              valueFrom:
-                fieldRef:
-                  fieldPath: metadata.namespace
+          image: "consul:1.4.0"
           args:
             - "agent"
             - "-bootstrap-expect=3"
-            - "-retry-join=consul-0.consul.$(NAMESPACE).svc.cluster.local"
-            - "-retry-join=consul-1.consul.$(NAMESPACE).svc.cluster.local"
-            - "-retry-join=consul-2.consul.$(NAMESPACE).svc.cluster.local"
+            - "-retry-join=provider=k8s label_selector=\"app=consul\""
             - "-client=0.0.0.0"
             - "-data-dir=/consul/data"
             - "-server"

k8s/efk.yaml

@@ -72,6 +72,8 @@ spec:
             value: "elastic"
           - name: FLUENT_ELASTICSEARCH_PASSWORD
             value: "changeme"
+          - name: FLUENT_UID
+            value: "0"
         resources:
           limits:
             memory: 200Mi
@@ -130,6 +132,9 @@ spec:
         resources: {}
         terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
         terminationMessagePolicy: File
+        env:
+        - name: ES_JAVA_OPTS
+          value: "-Xms1g -Xmx1g"
       dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
       restartPolicy: Always
       schedulerName: default-scheduler

k8s/haproxy.cfg

@@ -14,5 +14,5 @@ frontend the-frontend
 
 backend the-backend
   server google.com-80 google.com:80 maxconn 32 check
-  server bing.com-80 bing.com:80 maxconn 32 check
+  server ibm.fr-80 ibm.fr:80 maxconn 32 check
 

k8s/just-a-pod.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+apiVersion: v1
+Kind: Pod
+metadata:
+  name: hello
+  namespace: default
+spec:
+  containers:
+  - name: hello
+    image: nginx
+

k8s/kaniko-build.yaml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ spec:
     image: gcr.io/kaniko-project/executor:latest
     args:
       - "--context=/workspace/dockercoins/rng"
-      - "--skip-tls-verify"
+      - "--insecure"
       - "--destination=registry:5000/rng-kaniko:latest"
     volumeMounts:
     - name: workspace

k8s/netpol-allow-testcurl-for-testweb.yaml

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ metadata:
 spec:
   podSelector:
     matchLabels:
-      run: testweb
+      app: testweb
   ingress:
   - from:
     - podSelector:

k8s/netpol-deny-all-for-testweb.yaml

@@ -5,6 +5,6 @@ metadata:
 spec:
   podSelector:
     matchLabels:
-      run: testweb
+      app: testweb
   ingress: []
 

k8s/netpol-dockercoins.yaml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ metadata:
 spec:
   podSelector:
     matchLabels:
-      run: webui
+      app: webui
   ingress:
   - from: []
 

k8s/portworx.yaml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# SOURCE: https://install.portworx.com/?kbver=1.11.2&b=true&s=/dev/loop0&c=px-workshop&stork=true&lh=true
+# SOURCE: https://install.portworx.com/?kbver=1.11.2&b=true&s=/dev/loop4&c=px-workshop&stork=true&lh=true
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: ConfigMap
 metadata:
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ metadata:
   name: portworx
   namespace: kube-system
   annotations:
-    portworx.com/install-source: "https://install.portworx.com/?kbver=1.11.2&b=true&s=/dev/loop0&c=px-workshop&stork=true&lh=true"
+    portworx.com/install-source: "https://install.portworx.com/?kbver=1.11.2&b=true&s=/dev/loop4&c=px-workshop&stork=true&lh=true"
 spec:
   minReadySeconds: 0
   updateStrategy:
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ spec:
           image: portworx/oci-monitor:1.4.2.2
           imagePullPolicy: Always
           args:
-            ["-c", "px-workshop", "-s", "/dev/loop0", "-b",
+            ["-c", "px-workshop", "-s", "/dev/loop4", "-b",
              "-x", "kubernetes"]
           env:
             - name: "PX_TEMPLATE_VERSION"

k8s/postgres.yaml

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ spec:
       - name: postgres
         image: postgres:10.5
         volumeMounts:
-        - mountPath: /var/lib/postgresql
+        - mountPath: /var/lib/postgresql/data
           name: postgres
   volumeClaimTemplates:
   - metadata:

k8s/socat.yaml

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ metadata:
   creationTimestamp: null
   generation: 1
   labels:
-    run: socat
+    app: socat
   name: socat
   namespace: kube-system
   selfLink: /apis/extensions/v1beta1/namespaces/kube-system/deployments/socat
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ spec:
   replicas: 1
   selector:
     matchLabels:
-      run: socat
+      app: socat
   strategy:
     rollingUpdate:
       maxSurge: 1
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ spec:
     metadata:
       creationTimestamp: null
       labels:
-        run: socat
+        app: socat
     spec:
       containers:
       - args:
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ kind: Service
 metadata:
   creationTimestamp: null
   labels:
-    run: socat
+    app: socat
   name: socat
   namespace: kube-system
   selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/socat
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ spec:
     protocol: TCP
     targetPort: 80
   selector:
-    run: socat
+    app: socat
   sessionAffinity: None
   type: NodePort
 status:

prepare-local/README.md

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Virtualbox, Vagrant and Ansible
 
           $ source path/to/your-ansible-clone/hacking/env-setup
 
-  - you need to repeat the last step everytime you open a new terminal session
+  - you need to repeat the last step every time you open a new terminal session
     and want to use any Ansible command (but you'll probably only need to run
     it once).
 

prepare-vms/README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
-# Trainer tools to create and prepare VMs for Docker workshops on AWS or Azure
+# Trainer tools to create and prepare VMs for Docker workshops
+
+These tools can help you to create VMs on:
+
+- Azure
+- EC2
+- OpenStack
 
 ## Prerequisites
 
@@ -6,6 +12,9 @@
 - [Docker Compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/)
 - [Parallel SSH](https://code.google.com/archive/p/parallel-ssh/) (on a Mac: `brew install pssh`) - the configuration scripts require this
 
+Depending on the infrastructure that you want to use, you also need to install
+the Azure CLI, the AWS CLI, or terraform (for OpenStack deployment).
+
 And if you want to generate printable cards:
 
 - [pyyaml](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/PyYAML) (on a Mac: `brew install pyyaml`)
@@ -14,20 +23,25 @@ And if you want to generate printable cards:
 ## General Workflow
 
 - fork/clone repo
-- set required environment variables
+- create an infrastructure configuration in the `prepare-vms/infra` directory
+  (using one of the example files in that directory)
 - create your own setting file from `settings/example.yaml`
 - if necessary, increase allowed open files: `ulimit -Sn 10000`
-- run `./workshopctl` commands to create instances, install docker, setup each users environment in node1, other management tasks
-- run `./workshopctl cards` command to generate PDF for printing handouts of each users host IP's and login info
+- run `./workshopctl start` to create instances
+- run `./workshopctl deploy` to install Docker and setup environment
+- run `./workshopctl kube` (if you want to install and setup Kubernetes)
+- run `./workshopctl cards` (if you want to generate PDF for printing handouts of each users host IP's and login info)
+- run `./workshopctl stop` at the end of the workshop to terminate instances
 
 ## Clone/Fork the Repo, and Build the Tools Image
 
 The Docker Compose file here is used to build a image with all the dependencies to run the `./workshopctl` commands and optional tools. Each run of the script will check if you have those dependencies locally on your host, and will only use the container if you're [missing a dependency](workshopctl#L5).
 
-    $ git clone https://github.com/jpetazzo/orchestration-workshop.git
-    $ cd orchestration-workshop/prepare-vms
+    $ git clone https://github.com/jpetazzo/container.training
+    $ cd container.training/prepare-vms
     $ docker-compose build
 
+
 ## Preparing to Run `./workshopctl`
 
 ### Required AWS Permissions/Info
@@ -36,27 +50,37 @@ The Docker Compose file here is used to build a image with all the dependencies
 - Using a non-default VPC or Security Group isn't supported out of box yet, so you will have to customize `lib/commands.sh` if you want to change that.
 - These instances will assign the default VPC Security Group, which does not open any ports from Internet by default. So you'll need to add Inbound rules for `SSH | TCP | 22 | 0.0.0.0/0` and `Custom TCP Rule | TCP | 8000 - 8002 | 0.0.0.0/0`, or run `./workshopctl opensg` which opens up all ports.
 
-### Required Environment Variables
+### Create your `infra` file
 
-- `AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID`
-- `AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY`
-- `AWS_DEFAULT_REGION`
+You need to do this only once. (On AWS, you can create one `infra`
+file per region.)
 
-If you're not using AWS, set these to placeholder values:
+Make a copy of one of the example files in the `infra` directory.
 
+For instance:
+
+```bash
+cp infra/example.aws infra/aws-us-west-2
 ```
-export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="foo"
-export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="foo"
-export AWS_DEFAULT_REGION="foo"
-```
+
+Edit your infrastructure file to customize it.
+You will probably need to put your cloud provider credentials,
+select region...
 
 If you don't have the `aws` CLI installed, you will get a warning that it's a missing dependency. If you're not using AWS you can ignore this.
 
-### Update/copy `settings/example.yaml`
+### Create your `settings` file
 
-Then pass `settings/YOUR_WORKSHOP_NAME-settings.yaml` as an argument to `./workshopctl deploy`, `./workshopctl cards`, etc.
+Similarly, pick one of the files in `settings` and copy it
+to customize it.
 
-./workshopctl cards 2016-09-28-00-33-bret settings/orchestration.yaml
+For instance:
+
+```bash
+cp settings/example.yaml settings/myworkshop.yaml
+```
+
+You're all set!
 
 ## `./workshopctl` Usage
 
@@ -66,7 +90,7 @@ Commands:
 ami          Show the AMI that will be used for deployment
 amis         List Ubuntu AMIs in the current region
 build        Build the Docker image to run this program in a container
-cards        Generate ready-to-print cards for a batch of VMs
+cards        Generate ready-to-print cards for a group of VMs
 deploy       Install Docker on a bunch of running VMs
 ec2quotas    Check our EC2 quotas (max instances)
 help         Show available commands
@@ -74,14 +98,14 @@ ids          List the instance IDs belonging to a given tag or token
 ips          List the IP addresses of the VMs for a given tag or token
 kube         Setup kubernetes clusters with kubeadm (must be run AFTER deploy)
 kubetest     Check that all notes are reporting as Ready
-list         List available batches in the current region
+list         List available groups in the current region
 opensg       Open the default security group to ALL ingress traffic
 pull_images  Pre-pull a bunch of Docker images
-retag        Apply a new tag to a batch of VMs
-start        Start a batch of VMs
-status       List instance status for a given batch
+retag        Apply a new tag to a group of VMs
+start        Start a group of VMs
+status       List instance status for a given group
 stop         Stop (terminate, shutdown, kill, remove, destroy...) instances
-test         Run tests (pre-flight checks) on a batch of VMs
+test         Run tests (pre-flight checks) on a group of VMs
 wrap         Run this program in a container
 ```
 
@@ -95,22 +119,22 @@ wrap         Run this program in a container
 - During `start` it will add your default local SSH key to all instances under the `ubuntu` user.
 - During `deploy` it will create the `docker` user with password `training`, which is printing on the cards for students. This can be configured with the `docker_user_password` property in the settings file.
 
-### Example Steps to Launch a Batch of AWS Instances for a Workshop
+### Example Steps to Launch a group of AWS Instances for a Workshop
 
-- Run `./workshopctl start N` Creates `N` EC2 instances
+- Run `./workshopctl start --infra infra/aws-us-east-2 --settings/myworkshop.yaml --count 60` to create 60 EC2 instances
   - Your local SSH key will be synced to instances under `ubuntu` user
   - AWS instances will be created and tagged based on date, and IP's stored in `prepare-vms/tags/`
-- Run `./workshopctl deploy TAG settings/somefile.yaml` to run `lib/postprep.py` via parallel-ssh
+- Run `./workshopctl deploy TAG` to run `lib/postprep.py` via parallel-ssh
   - If it errors or times out, you should be able to rerun
   - Requires good connection to run all the parallel SSH connections, up to 100 parallel (ProTip: create dedicated management instance in same AWS region where you run all these utils from)
 - Run `./workshopctl pull_images TAG` to pre-pull a bunch of Docker images to the instances
-- Run `./workshopctl cards TAG settings/somefile.yaml` generates PDF/HTML files to print and cut and hand out to students
+- Run `./workshopctl cards TAG` generates PDF/HTML files to print and cut and hand out to students
 - *Have a great workshop*
 - Run `./workshopctl stop TAG` to terminate instances.
 
 ### Example Steps to Launch Azure Instances
 
-- Install the [Azure CLI](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/install-azure-cli?view=azure-cli-latest) and authenticate with a valid account
+- Install the [Azure CLI](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/install-azure-cli?view=azure-cli-latest) and authenticate with a valid account (`az login`)
 - Customize `azuredeploy.parameters.json`
   - Required:
     - Provide the SSH public key you plan to use for instance configuration
@@ -155,27 +179,16 @@ az group delete --resource-group workshop
 
 ### Example Steps to Configure Instances from a non-AWS Source
 
-- Launch instances via your preferred method. You'll need to get the instance IPs and be able to ssh into them.
-- Set placeholder values for [AWS environment variable settings](#required-environment-variables).
-- Choose a tag. It could be an event name, datestamp, etc. Ensure you have created a directory for your tag: `prepare-vms/tags/<tag>/`
-- If you have not already generated a file with the IPs to be configured:
-  - The file should be named `prepare-vms/tags/<tag>/ips.txt`
-  - Format is one IP per line, no other info needed.
-- Ensure the settings file is as desired (especially the number of nodes): `prepare-vms/settings/kube101.yaml`
-- For a tag called `myworkshop`, configure instances: `workshopctl deploy myworkshop settings/kube101.yaml`
-- Optionally, configure Kubernetes clusters of the size in the settings: `workshopctl kube myworkshop`
-- Optionally, test your Kubernetes clusters. They may take a little time to become ready: `workshopctl kubetest myworkshop`
-- Generate cards to print and hand out: `workshopctl cards myworkshop settings/kube101.yaml`
-- Print the cards file: `prepare-vms/tags/myworkshop/ips.html`
-
-
-## Other Tools
-
-### Deploying your SSH key to all the machines
-
-- Make sure that you have SSH keys loaded (`ssh-add -l`).
-- Source `rc`.
-- Run `pcopykey`.
+- Copy `infra/example.generic` to `infra/generic`
+- Run `./workshopctl start --infra infra/generic --settings settings/...yaml`
+- Note the `prepare-vms/tags/TAG/` path that has been auto-created.
+- Launch instances via your preferred method. You'll need to get the instance IPs and be able to SSH into them.
+- Edit the file `prepare-vms/tags/TAG/ips.txt`, it should list the IP addresses of the VMs (one per line, without any comments or other info)
+- Continue deployment of cluster configuration with `./workshopctl deploy TAG`
+- Optionally, configure Kubernetes clusters of the size in the settings: workshopctl kube `TAG`
+- Optionally, test your Kubernetes clusters. They may take a little time to become ready: workshopctl kubetest `TAG`
+- Generate cards to print and hand out: workshopctl cards `TAG`
+- Print the cards file: prepare-vms/tags/`TAG`/ips.html
 
 
 ## Even More Details
@@ -188,7 +201,7 @@ To see which local key will be uploaded, run `ssh-add -l | grep RSA`.
 
 #### Instance + tag creation
 
-10 VMs will be started, with an automatically generated tag (timestamp + your username).
+The VMs will be started, with an automatically generated tag (timestamp + your username).
 
 Your SSH key will be added to the `authorized_keys` of the ubuntu user.
 
@@ -196,15 +209,11 @@ Your SSH key will be added to the `authorized_keys` of the ubuntu user.
 
 Following the creation of the VMs, a text file will be created containing a list of their IPs.
 
-This ips.txt file will be created in the $TAG/ directory and a symlink will be placed in the working directory of the script.
-
-If you create new VMs, the symlinked file will be overwritten.
-
 #### Deployment
 
 Instances can be deployed manually using the `deploy` command:
 
-    $ ./workshopctl deploy TAG settings/somefile.yaml
+    $ ./workshopctl deploy TAG
 
 The `postprep.py` file will be copied via parallel-ssh to all of the VMs and executed.
 
@@ -214,7 +223,7 @@ The `postprep.py` file will be copied via parallel-ssh to all of the VMs and exe
 
 #### Generate cards
 
-    $ ./workshopctl cards TAG settings/somefile.yaml
+    $ ./workshopctl cards TAG
 
 If you want to generate both HTML and PDF cards, install [wkhtmltopdf](https://wkhtmltopdf.org/downloads.html); without that installed, only HTML cards will be generated.
 
@@ -222,13 +231,11 @@ If you don't have `wkhtmltopdf` installed, you will get a warning that it is a m
 
 #### List tags
 
-    $ ./workshopctl list
+    $ ./workshopctl list infra/some-infra-file
 
-#### List VMs
+    $ ./workshopctl listall
 
-    $ ./workshopctl list TAG
-
-This will print a human-friendly list containing some information about each instance.
+    $ ./workshopctl tags
 
 #### Stop and destroy VMs
 

prepare-vms/cncsetup.sh

@@ -7,15 +7,6 @@ fi
 if id docker; then
   sudo userdel -r docker
 fi
-pip install --user awscli jinja2 pdfkit
-sudo apt-get install -y wkhtmltopdf xvfb
-tmux new-session \; send-keys "
-[ -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa ] || ssh-keygen
-
-eval \$(ssh-agent)
-ssh-add
-Xvfb :0 &
-export DISPLAY=:0
-mkdir -p ~/www
-sudo docker run -d -p 80:80 -v \$HOME/www:/usr/share/nginx/html nginx
-"
+sudo apt-get update -q
+sudo apt-get install -qy jq python-pip wkhtmltopdf xvfb
+pip install --user awscli jinja2 pdfkit pssh

prepare-vms/infra/example.aws

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+INFRACLASS=aws
+# If you are using AWS to deploy, copy this file (e.g. to "aws", or "us-east-1")
+# and customize the variables below.
+export AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=us-east-1
+export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=AKI...
+export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=...

prepare-vms/infra/example.generic

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+INFRACLASS=generic
+# This is for manual provisioning. No other variable or configuration is needed.

prepare-vms/infra/example.openstack

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+INFRACLASS=openstack
+# If you are using OpenStack, copy this file (e.g. to "openstack" or "enix")
+# and customize the variables below.
+export TF_VAR_user="jpetazzo"
+export TF_VAR_tenant="training"
+export TF_VAR_domain="Default"
+export TF_VAR_password="..."
+export TF_VAR_auth_url="https://api.r1.nxs.enix.io/v3"
+export TF_VAR_flavor="GP1.S"

prepare-vms/lib/aws.sh

@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
-aws_display_tags() {
-    # Print all "Name" tags in our region with their instance count
-    echo "[#] [Status] [Token] [Tag]" \
-        | awk '{ printf "%-7s %-12s %-25s %-25s\n", $1, $2, $3, $4}'
-    aws ec2 describe-instances \
-        --query "Reservations[*].Instances[*].[State.Name,ClientToken,Tags[0].Value]" \
-        | tr -d "\r" \
-        | uniq -c \
-        | sort -k 3 \
-        | awk '{ printf "%-7s %-12s %-25s %-25s\n", $1, $2, $3, $4}'
-}
-
-aws_get_tokens() {
-    aws ec2 describe-instances --output text \
-        --query 'Reservations[*].Instances[*].[ClientToken]' \
-        | sort -u
-}
-
-aws_display_instance_statuses_by_tag() {
-    TAG=$1
-    need_tag $TAG
-
-    IDS=$(aws ec2 describe-instances \
-        --filters "Name=tag:Name,Values=$TAG" \
-        --query "Reservations[*].Instances[*].InstanceId" | tr '\t' ' ')
-
-    aws ec2 describe-instance-status \
-        --instance-ids $IDS \
-        --query "InstanceStatuses[*].{ID:InstanceId,InstanceState:InstanceState.Name,InstanceStatus:InstanceStatus.Status,SystemStatus:SystemStatus.Status,Reachability:InstanceStatus.Status}" \
-        --output table
-}
-
-aws_display_instances_by_tag() {
-    TAG=$1
-    need_tag $TAG
-    result=$(aws ec2 describe-instances --output table \
-        --filter "Name=tag:Name,Values=$TAG" \
-        --query "Reservations[*].Instances[*].[ \
-                        InstanceId, \
-                        State.Name, \
-                        Tags[0].Value, \
-                        PublicIpAddress, \
-                        InstanceType \
-                        ]"
-    )
-    if [[ -z $result ]]; then
-        die "No instances found with tag $TAG in region $AWS_DEFAULT_REGION."
-    else
-        echo "$result"
-    fi
-}
-
-aws_get_instance_ids_by_filter() {
-    FILTER=$1
-    aws ec2 describe-instances --filters $FILTER \
-        --query Reservations[*].Instances[*].InstanceId \
-        --output text | tr "\t" "\n" | tr -d "\r"
-}
-
-aws_get_instance_ids_by_client_token() {
-    TOKEN=$1
-    need_tag $TOKEN
-    aws_get_instance_ids_by_filter Name=client-token,Values=$TOKEN
-}
-
-aws_get_instance_ids_by_tag() {
-    TAG=$1
-    need_tag $TAG
-    aws_get_instance_ids_by_filter Name=tag:Name,Values=$TAG
-}
-
-aws_get_instance_ips_by_tag() {
-    TAG=$1
-    need_tag $TAG
-    aws ec2 describe-instances --filter "Name=tag:Name,Values=$TAG" \
-        --output text \
-        --query "Reservations[*].Instances[*].PublicIpAddress" \
-        | tr "\t" "\n" \
-        | sort -n -t . -k 1,1 -k 2,2 -k 3,3 -k 4,4 # sort IPs
-}
-
-aws_kill_instances_by_tag() {
-    TAG=$1
-    need_tag $TAG
-    IDS=$(aws_get_instance_ids_by_tag $TAG)
-    if [ -z "$IDS" ]; then
-        die "Invalid tag."
-    fi
-
-    info "Deleting instances with tag $TAG."
-
-    aws ec2 terminate-instances --instance-ids $IDS \
-        | grep ^TERMINATINGINSTANCES
-
-    info "Deleted instances with tag $TAG."
-}
-
-aws_tag_instances() {
-    OLD_TAG_OR_TOKEN=$1
-    NEW_TAG=$2
-    IDS=$(aws_get_instance_ids_by_client_token $OLD_TAG_OR_TOKEN)
-    [[ -n "$IDS" ]] && aws ec2 create-tags --tag Key=Name,Value=$NEW_TAG --resources $IDS >/dev/null
-    IDS=$(aws_get_instance_ids_by_tag $OLD_TAG_OR_TOKEN)
-    [[ -n "$IDS" ]] && aws ec2 create-tags --tag Key=Name,Value=$NEW_TAG --resources $IDS >/dev/null
-}

prepare-vms/lib/cli.sh

@@ -50,27 +50,41 @@ sep() {
     fi
 }
 
-need_tag() {
+need_infra() {
     if [ -z "$1" ]; then
+        die "Please specify infrastructure file. (e.g.: infra/aws)"
+    fi
+    if [ "$1" = "--infra" ]; then
+        die "The infrastructure file should be passed directly to this command. Remove '--infra' and try again."
+    fi
+    if [ ! -f "$1" ]; then
+        die "Infrastructure file $1 doesn't exist."
+    fi
+    . "$1"
+    . "lib/infra/$INFRACLASS.sh"
+}
+
+need_tag() {
+    if [ -z "$TAG" ]; then
         die "Please specify a tag or token. To see available tags and tokens, run: $0 list"
     fi
+    if [ ! -d "tags/$TAG" ]; then
+        die "Tag $TAG not found (directory tags/$TAG does not exist)."
+    fi
+    for FILE in settings.yaml ips.txt infra.sh; do
+        if [ ! -f "tags/$TAG/$FILE" ]; then
+          warning "File tags/$TAG/$FILE not found."
+        fi
+    done
+    . "tags/$TAG/infra.sh"
+    . "lib/infra/$INFRACLASS.sh"
 }
 
 need_settings() {
     if [ -z "$1" ]; then
-        die "Please specify a settings file."
-    elif [ ! -f "$1" ]; then
+        die "Please specify a settings file. (e.g.: settings/kube101.yaml)"
+    fi
+    if [ ! -f "$1" ]; then
         die "Settings file $1 doesn't exist."
     fi
 }
-
-need_ips_file() {
-    IPS_FILE=$1
-    if [ -z "$IPS_FILE" ]; then
-        die "IPS_FILE not set."
-    fi
-
-    if [ ! -s "$IPS_FILE" ]; then
-        die "IPS_FILE $IPS_FILE not found. Please run: $0 ips <TAG>"
-    fi
-}

prepare-vms/lib/commands.sh

@@ -7,21 +7,11 @@ _cmd() {
 
 _cmd help "Show available commands"
 _cmd_help() {
-    printf "$(basename $0) - the orchestration workshop swiss army knife\n"
+    printf "$(basename $0) - the container training swiss army knife\n"
     printf "Commands:"
     printf "%s" "$HELP" | sort
 }
 
-_cmd amis "List Ubuntu AMIs in the current region"
-_cmd_amis() {
-    find_ubuntu_ami -r $AWS_DEFAULT_REGION "$@"
-}
-
-_cmd ami "Show the AMI that will be used for deployment"
-_cmd_ami() {
-    find_ubuntu_ami -r $AWS_DEFAULT_REGION -a amd64 -v 16.04 -t hvm:ebs -N -q
-}
-
 _cmd build "Build the Docker image to run this program in a container"
 _cmd_build() {
     docker-compose build
@@ -32,64 +22,53 @@ _cmd_wrap() {
     docker-compose run --rm workshopctl "$@"
 }
 
-_cmd cards "Generate ready-to-print cards for a batch of VMs"
+_cmd cards "Generate ready-to-print cards for a group of VMs"
 _cmd_cards() {
     TAG=$1
-    SETTINGS=$2
-    need_tag $TAG
-    need_settings $SETTINGS
+    need_tag
 
-    # If you're not using AWS, populate the ips.txt file manually
-    if [ ! -f tags/$TAG/ips.txt ]; then
-      aws_get_instance_ips_by_tag $TAG >tags/$TAG/ips.txt
-    fi
-
-    # Remove symlinks to old cards
-    rm -f ips.html ips.pdf
-
-    # This will generate two files in the base dir: ips.pdf and ips.html
-    lib/ips-txt-to-html.py $SETTINGS
-
-    for f in ips.html ips.pdf; do
-        # Remove old versions of cards if they exist
-        rm -f tags/$TAG/$f
-
-        # Move the generated file and replace it with a symlink
-        mv -f $f tags/$TAG/$f && ln -s tags/$TAG/$f $f
-    done
+    # This will process ips.txt to generate two files: ips.pdf and ips.html
+    (
+        cd tags/$TAG
+        ../../lib/ips-txt-to-html.py settings.yaml
+    )
 
     info "Cards created. You can view them with:"
-    info "xdg-open ips.html ips.pdf (on Linux)"
-    info "open ips.html ips.pdf (on MacOS)"
+    info "xdg-open tags/$TAG/ips.html tags/$TAG/ips.pdf (on Linux)"
+    info "open tags/$TAG/ips.html (on macOS)"
 }
 
 _cmd deploy "Install Docker on a bunch of running VMs"
 _cmd_deploy() {
     TAG=$1
-    SETTINGS=$2
-    need_tag $TAG
-    need_settings $SETTINGS
-    link_tag $TAG
-    count=$(wc -l ips.txt)
+    need_tag
 
     # wait until all hosts are reachable before trying to deploy
     info "Trying to reach $TAG instances..."
-    while ! tag_is_reachable $TAG; do
+    while ! tag_is_reachable; do
         >/dev/stderr echo -n "."
         sleep 2
     done
     >/dev/stderr echo ""
 
+    echo deploying > tags/$TAG/status
     sep "Deploying tag $TAG"
-    pssh -I tee /tmp/settings.yaml <$SETTINGS
+
+    # Wait for cloudinit to be done
+    pssh "
+    while [ ! -f /var/lib/cloud/instance/boot-finished ]; do
+        sleep 1
+    done"
+
+    # Copy settings and install Python YAML parser
+    pssh -I tee /tmp/settings.yaml <tags/$TAG/settings.yaml
     pssh "
     sudo apt-get update &&
-    sudo apt-get install -y python-setuptools &&
-    sudo easy_install pyyaml"
+    sudo apt-get install -y python-yaml"
 
     # Copy postprep.py to the remote machines, and execute it, feeding it the list of IP addresses
     pssh -I tee /tmp/postprep.py <lib/postprep.py
-    pssh --timeout 900 --send-input "python /tmp/postprep.py >>/tmp/pp.out 2>>/tmp/pp.err" <ips.txt
+    pssh --timeout 900 --send-input "python /tmp/postprep.py >>/tmp/pp.out 2>>/tmp/pp.err" <tags/$TAG/ips.txt
 
     # Install docker-prompt script
     pssh -I sudo tee /usr/local/bin/docker-prompt <lib/docker-prompt
@@ -117,14 +96,17 @@ _cmd_deploy() {
     fi"
 
     sep "Deployed tag $TAG"
+    echo deployed > tags/$TAG/status
     info "You may want to run one of the following commands:"
     info "$0 kube $TAG"
     info "$0 pull_images $TAG"
-    info "$0 cards $TAG $SETTINGS"
+    info "$0 cards $TAG"
 }
 
 _cmd kube "Setup kubernetes clusters with kubeadm (must be run AFTER deploy)"
 _cmd_kube() {
+    TAG=$1
+    need_tag
 
     # Install packages
     pssh --timeout 200 "
@@ -134,13 +116,13 @@ _cmd_kube() {
     sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list"
     pssh --timeout 200 "
     sudo apt-get update -q &&
-    sudo apt-get install -qy kubelet kubeadm kubectl
+    sudo apt-get install -qy kubelet kubeadm kubectl &&
     kubectl completion bash | sudo tee /etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl"
 
     # Initialize kube master
     pssh --timeout 200 "
     if grep -q node1 /tmp/node && [ ! -f /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf ]; then
-        kubeadm token generate > /tmp/token
+        kubeadm token generate > /tmp/token &&
 	sudo kubeadm init --token \$(cat /tmp/token)
     fi"
 
@@ -157,38 +139,66 @@ _cmd_kube() {
     # Install weave as the pod network
     pssh "
     if grep -q node1 /tmp/node; then
-        kubever=\$(kubectl version | base64 | tr -d '\n')
+        kubever=\$(kubectl version | base64 | tr -d '\n') &&
         kubectl apply -f https://cloud.weave.works/k8s/net?k8s-version=\$kubever
     fi"
 
     # Join the other nodes to the cluster
     pssh --timeout 200 "
     if ! grep -q node1 /tmp/node && [ ! -f /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf ]; then
-        TOKEN=\$(ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no node1 cat /tmp/token)
+        TOKEN=\$(ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no node1 cat /tmp/token) &&
         sudo kubeadm join --discovery-token-unsafe-skip-ca-verification --token \$TOKEN node1:6443
     fi"
 
+    # Install kubectx and kubens
+    pssh "
+    [ -d kubectx ] || git clone https://github.com/ahmetb/kubectx &&
+    sudo ln -sf /home/ubuntu/kubectx/kubectx /usr/local/bin/kctx &&
+    sudo ln -sf /home/ubuntu/kubectx/kubens /usr/local/bin/kns &&
+    sudo cp /home/ubuntu/kubectx/completion/*.bash /etc/bash_completion.d &&
+    [ -d kube-ps1 ] || git clone https://github.com/jonmosco/kube-ps1 &&
+    sudo -u docker sed -i s/docker-prompt/kube_ps1/ /home/docker/.bashrc &&
+    sudo -u docker tee -a /home/docker/.bashrc <<EOF
+. /home/ubuntu/kube-ps1/kube-ps1.sh
+KUBE_PS1_PREFIX=""
+KUBE_PS1_SUFFIX=""
+KUBE_PS1_SYMBOL_ENABLE="false"
+KUBE_PS1_CTX_COLOR="green"
+KUBE_PS1_NS_COLOR="green"
+EOF"
+
     # Install stern
     pssh "
     if [ ! -x /usr/local/bin/stern ]; then
-        sudo curl -L -o /usr/local/bin/stern https://github.com/wercker/stern/releases/download/1.8.0/stern_linux_amd64
-        sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/stern
+        ##VERSION##
+        sudo curl -L -o /usr/local/bin/stern https://github.com/wercker/stern/releases/download/1.10.0/stern_linux_amd64 &&
+        sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/stern &&
         stern --completion bash | sudo tee /etc/bash_completion.d/stern
     fi"
 
     # Install helm
     pssh "
     if [ ! -x /usr/local/bin/helm ]; then
-        curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/helm/master/scripts/get | sudo bash
+        curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/helm/master/scripts/get | sudo bash &&
         helm completion bash | sudo tee /etc/bash_completion.d/helm
     fi"
 
-
     sep "Done"
 }
 
-_cmd kubetest "Check that all notes are reporting as Ready"
+_cmd kubereset "Wipe out Kubernetes configuration on all nodes"
+_cmd_kubereset() {
+    TAG=$1
+    need_tag
+
+    pssh "sudo kubeadm reset --force"
+}
+
+_cmd kubetest "Check that all nodes are reporting as Ready"
 _cmd_kubetest() {
+    TAG=$1
+    need_tag
+
     # There are way too many backslashes in the command below.
     # Feel free to make that better ♥
     pssh "
@@ -202,7 +212,7 @@ _cmd_kubetest() {
     fi"
 }
 
-_cmd ids "List the instance IDs belonging to a given tag or token"
+_cmd ids "(FIXME) List the instance IDs belonging to a given tag or token"
 _cmd_ids() {
     TAG=$1
     need_tag $TAG
@@ -215,262 +225,264 @@ _cmd_ids() {
     aws_get_instance_ids_by_client_token $TAG
 }
 
-_cmd ips "List the IP addresses of the VMs for a given tag or token"
-_cmd_ips() {
-    TAG=$1
-    need_tag $TAG
-    mkdir -p tags/$TAG
-    aws_get_instance_ips_by_tag $TAG | tee tags/$TAG/ips.txt
-    link_tag $TAG
-}
-
-_cmd list "List available batches in the current region"
+_cmd list "List available groups for a given infrastructure"
 _cmd_list() {
-    info "Listing batches in region $AWS_DEFAULT_REGION:"
-    aws_display_tags
+    need_infra $1
+    infra_list
 }
 
-_cmd status "List instance status for a given batch"
-_cmd_status() {
-    info "Using region $AWS_DEFAULT_REGION."
+_cmd listall "List VMs running on all configured infrastructures"
+_cmd_listall() {
+    for infra in infra/*; do
+        case $infra in
+        infra/example.*)
+            ;;
+        *)
+            info "Listing infrastructure $infra:"
+            need_infra $infra
+            infra_list
+            ;;
+        esac
+    done
+}
+
+_cmd netfix "Disable GRO and run a pinger job on the VMs"
+_cmd_netfix () {
     TAG=$1
-    need_tag $TAG
-    describe_tag $TAG
-    tag_is_reachable $TAG
-    info "You may be interested in running one of the following commands:"
-    info "$0 ips $TAG"
-    info "$0 deploy $TAG <settings/somefile.yaml>"
+    need_tag
+
+    pssh "
+    sudo ethtool -K ens3 gro off
+    sudo tee /root/pinger.service <<EOF
+[Unit]
+Description=pinger
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=multi-user.target
+
+[Service]
+WorkingDirectory=/
+ExecStart=/bin/ping -w60 1.1
+User=nobody
+Group=nogroup
+Restart=always
+EOF
+    sudo systemctl enable /root/pinger.service
+    sudo systemctl start pinger"
 }
 
 _cmd opensg "Open the default security group to ALL ingress traffic"
 _cmd_opensg() {
-    aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress \
-        --group-name default \
-        --protocol icmp \
-        --port -1 \
-        --cidr 0.0.0.0/0
+    need_infra $1
+    infra_opensg
+}
 
-    aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress \
-        --group-name default \
-        --protocol udp \
-        --port 0-65535 \
-        --cidr 0.0.0.0/0
+_cmd pssh "Run an arbitrary command on all nodes"
+_cmd_pssh() {
+    TAG=$1
+    need_tag
+    shift
 
-    aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress \
-        --group-name default \
-        --protocol tcp \
-        --port 0-65535 \
-        --cidr 0.0.0.0/0
+    pssh "$@"
 }
 
 _cmd pull_images "Pre-pull a bunch of Docker images"
 _cmd_pull_images() {
     TAG=$1
-    need_tag $TAG
-    pull_tag $TAG
+    need_tag
+    pull_tag
 }
 
-_cmd retag "Apply a new tag to a batch of VMs"
+_cmd quotas "Check our infrastructure quotas (max instances)"
+_cmd_quotas() {
+    need_infra $1
+    infra_quotas
+}
+
+_cmd retag "(FIXME) Apply a new tag to a group of VMs"
 _cmd_retag() {
     OLDTAG=$1
     NEWTAG=$2
-    need_tag $OLDTAG
+    TAG=$OLDTAG
+    need_tag
     if [[ -z "$NEWTAG" ]]; then
         die "You must specify a new tag to apply."
     fi
     aws_tag_instances $OLDTAG $NEWTAG
 }
 
-_cmd start "Start a batch of VMs"
+_cmd start "Start a group of VMs"
 _cmd_start() {
-    # Number of instances to create
-    COUNT=$1
-    # Optional settings file (to carry on with deployment)
-    SETTINGS=$2
-
+    while [ ! -z "$*" ]; do
+        case "$1" in
+        --infra) INFRA=$2; shift 2;;
+        --settings) SETTINGS=$2; shift 2;;
+        --count) COUNT=$2; shift 2;;
+        --tag) TAG=$2; shift 2;;
+        *) die "Unrecognized parameter: $1."
+        esac
+    done
+    
+    if [ -z "$INFRA" ]; then
+        die "Please add --infra flag to specify which infrastructure file to use."
+    fi
+    if [ -z "$SETTINGS" ]; then
+        die "Please add --settings flag to specify which settings file to use."
+    fi
     if [ -z "$COUNT" ]; then
-        die "Indicate number of instances to start."
+        COUNT=$(awk '/^clustersize:/ {print $2}' $SETTINGS)
+        warning "No --count option was specified. Using value from settings file ($COUNT)."
     fi
+    
+    # Check that the specified settings and infrastructure are valid.        
+    need_settings $SETTINGS
+    need_infra $INFRA
 
-    # Print our AWS username, to ease the pain of credential-juggling
-    greet
-
-    # Upload our SSH keys to AWS if needed, to be added to each VM's authorized_keys
-    key_name=$(sync_keys)
-
-    AMI=$(_cmd_ami)    # Retrieve the AWS image ID
-    if [ -z "$AMI" ]; then
-        die "I could not find which AMI to use in this region. Try another region?"
+    if [ -z "$TAG" ]; then
+        TAG=$(make_tag)
     fi
-    TOKEN=$(get_token) # generate a timestamp token for this batch of VMs
-    AWS_KEY_NAME=$(make_key_name)
-
-    sep "Starting instances"
-    info "         Count: $COUNT"
-    info "        Region: $AWS_DEFAULT_REGION"
-    info "     Token/tag: $TOKEN"
-    info "           AMI: $AMI"
-    info "      Key name: $AWS_KEY_NAME"
-    result=$(aws ec2 run-instances \
-        --key-name $AWS_KEY_NAME \
-        --count $COUNT \
-        --instance-type ${AWS_INSTANCE_TYPE-t2.medium} \
-        --client-token $TOKEN \
-        --image-id $AMI)
-    reservation_id=$(echo "$result" | head -1 | awk '{print $2}')
-    info "Reservation ID: $reservation_id"
-    sep
-
-    # if instance creation succeeded, we should have some IDs
-    IDS=$(aws_get_instance_ids_by_client_token $TOKEN)
-    if [ -z "$IDS" ]; then
-        die "Instance creation failed."
-    fi
-
-    # Tag these new instances with a tag that is the same as the token
-    TAG=$TOKEN
-    aws_tag_instances $TOKEN $TAG
-
-    wait_until_tag_is_running $TAG $COUNT
+    mkdir -p tags/$TAG
+    ln -s ../../$INFRA tags/$TAG/infra.sh
+    ln -s ../../$SETTINGS tags/$TAG/settings.yaml
+    echo creating > tags/$TAG/status
 
+    infra_start $COUNT
     sep
     info "Successfully created $COUNT instances with tag $TAG"
     sep
+    echo created > tags/$TAG/status
 
-    mkdir -p tags/$TAG
-    IPS=$(aws_get_instance_ips_by_tag $TAG)
-    echo "$IPS" >tags/$TAG/ips.txt
-    link_tag $TAG
-    if [ -n "$SETTINGS" ]; then
-        _cmd_deploy $TAG $SETTINGS
-    else
-        info "To deploy or kill these instances, run one of the following:"
-        info "$0 deploy $TAG <settings/somefile.yaml>"
-        info "$0 stop $TAG"
-    fi
-}
-
-_cmd ec2quotas "Check our EC2 quotas (max instances)"
-_cmd_ec2quotas() {
-    greet
-
-    max_instances=$(aws ec2 describe-account-attributes \
-        --attribute-names max-instances \
-        --query 'AccountAttributes[*][AttributeValues]')
-    info "In the current region ($AWS_DEFAULT_REGION) you can deploy up to $max_instances instances."
-
-    # Print list of AWS EC2 regions, highlighting ours ($AWS_DEFAULT_REGION) in the list
-    # If our $AWS_DEFAULT_REGION is not valid, the error message will be pretty descriptive:
-    # Could not connect to the endpoint URL: "https://ec2.foo.amazonaws.com/"
-    info "Available regions:"
-    aws ec2 describe-regions | awk '{print $3}' | grep --color=auto $AWS_DEFAULT_REGION -C50
+    info "To deploy Docker on these instances, you can run:"
+    info "$0 deploy $TAG"
+    info "To terminate these instances, you can run:"
+    info "$0 stop $TAG"
 }
 
 _cmd stop "Stop (terminate, shutdown, kill, remove, destroy...) instances"
 _cmd_stop() {
     TAG=$1
-    need_tag $TAG
-    aws_kill_instances_by_tag $TAG
+    need_tag
+    infra_stop
+    echo stopped > tags/$TAG/status
 }
 
-_cmd test "Run tests (pre-flight checks) on a batch of VMs"
+_cmd tags "List groups of VMs known locally"
+_cmd_tags() {
+    (
+        cd tags
+        echo "[#] [Status] [Tag] [Infra]" \
+           | awk '{ printf "%-7s %-12s %-25s %-25s\n", $1, $2, $3, $4}'
+        for tag in *; do
+            if [ -f $tag/ips.txt ]; then
+                count="$(wc -l < $tag/ips.txt)"
+            else
+                count="?"
+            fi
+            if [ -f $tag/status ]; then
+                status="$(cat $tag/status)"
+            else
+                status="?"
+            fi
+            if [ -f $tag/infra.sh ]; then
+                infra="$(basename $(readlink $tag/infra.sh))"
+            else
+                infra="?"
+            fi
+            echo "$count $status $tag $infra" \
+               | awk '{ printf "%-7s %-12s %-25s %-25s\n", $1, $2, $3, $4}'
+        done
+    )
+}
+
+_cmd test "Run tests (pre-flight checks) on a group of VMs"
 _cmd_test() {
     TAG=$1
-    need_tag $TAG
-    test_tag $TAG
+    need_tag
+    test_tag
 }
 
-###
+_cmd helmprom "Install Helm and Prometheus"
+_cmd_helmprom() {
+    TAG=$1
+    need_tag
+    pssh "
+    if grep -q node1 /tmp/node; then
+        kubectl -n kube-system get serviceaccount helm ||
+            kubectl -n kube-system create serviceaccount helm
+        helm init --service-account helm
+        kubectl get clusterrolebinding helm-can-do-everything ||
+            kubectl create clusterrolebinding helm-can-do-everything \
+                --clusterrole=cluster-admin \
+                --serviceaccount=kube-system:helm
+        helm upgrade --install prometheus stable/prometheus \
+            --namespace kube-system \
+            --set server.service.type=NodePort \
+            --set server.service.nodePort=30090 \
+            --set server.persistentVolume.enabled=false \
+            --set alertmanager.enabled=false
+    fi"
+}
+
+# Sometimes, weave fails to come up on some nodes.
+# Symptom: the pods on a node are unreachable (they don't even ping).
+# Remedy: wipe out Weave state and delete weave pod on that node.
+# Specifically, identify the weave pod that is defective, then:
+# kubectl -n kube-system exec weave-net-XXXXX -c weave rm /weavedb/weave-netdata.db
+# kubectl -n kube-system delete pod weave-net-XXXXX
+_cmd weavetest "Check that weave seems properly setup"
+_cmd_weavetest() {
+    TAG=$1
+    need_tag
+    pssh "
+    kubectl -n kube-system get pods -o name | grep weave | cut -d/ -f2 |
+    xargs -I POD kubectl -n kube-system exec POD -c weave -- \
+    sh -c \"./weave --local status | grep Connections | grep -q ' 1 failed' || ! echo POD \""
+}
 
 greet() {
     IAMUSER=$(aws iam get-user --query 'User.UserName')
     info "Hello! You seem to be UNIX user $USER, and IAM user $IAMUSER."
 }
 
-link_tag() {
-    TAG=$1
-    need_tag $TAG
-    IPS_FILE=tags/$TAG/ips.txt
-    need_ips_file $IPS_FILE
-    ln -sf $IPS_FILE ips.txt
-}
-
 pull_tag() {
-    TAG=$1
-    need_tag $TAG
-    link_tag $TAG
-    if [ ! -s $IPS_FILE ]; then
-        die "Nonexistent or empty IPs file $IPS_FILE."
-    fi
-
     # Pre-pull a bunch of images
     pssh --timeout 900 'for I in \
-            debian:latest \
-            ubuntu:latest \
-            fedora:latest \
-            centos:latest \
-	    elasticsearch:2 \
-            postgres \
-            redis \
-	    alpine \
-	    registry \
-	    nicolaka/netshoot \
-	    jpetazzo/trainingwheels \
-	    golang \
-            training/namer \
-	    dockercoins/hasher \
-	    dockercoins/rng \
-	    dockercoins/webui \
-	    dockercoins/worker \
-	    logstash \
-	    prom/node-exporter \
-	    google/cadvisor \
-	    dockersamples/visualizer \
-            nathanleclaire/redisonrails; do
+        debian:latest \
+        ubuntu:latest \
+        fedora:latest \
+        centos:latest \
+        elasticsearch:2 \
+        postgres \
+        redis \
+        alpine \
+        registry \
+        nicolaka/netshoot \
+        jpetazzo/trainingwheels \
+        golang \
+        training/namer \
+        dockercoins/hasher \
+        dockercoins/rng \
+        dockercoins/webui \
+        dockercoins/worker \
+        logstash \
+        prom/node-exporter \
+        google/cadvisor \
+        dockersamples/visualizer \
+        nathanleclaire/redisonrails; do
         sudo -u docker docker pull $I
     done'
 
     info "Finished pulling images for $TAG."
-    info "You may now want to run:"
-    info "$0 cards $TAG <settings/somefile.yaml>"
-}
-
-wait_until_tag_is_running() {
-    max_retry=50
-    TAG=$1
-    COUNT=$2
-    i=0
-    done_count=0
-    while [[ $done_count -lt $COUNT ]]; do
-        let "i += 1"
-        info "$(printf "%d/%d instances online" $done_count $COUNT)"
-        done_count=$(aws ec2 describe-instances \
-            --filters "Name=instance-state-name,Values=running" \
-            "Name=tag:Name,Values=$TAG" \
-            --query "Reservations[*].Instances[*].State.Name" \
-            | tr "\t" "\n" \
-            | wc -l)
-
-        if [[ $i -gt $max_retry ]]; then
-            die "Timed out while waiting for instance creation (after $max_retry retries)"
-        fi
-        sleep 1
-    done
 }
 
 tag_is_reachable() {
-    TAG=$1
-    need_tag $TAG
-    link_tag $TAG
     pssh -t 5 true 2>&1 >/dev/null
 }
 
 test_tag() {
-    TAG=$1
     ips_file=tags/$TAG/ips.txt
     info "Picking a random IP address in $ips_file to run tests."
-    n=$((1 + $RANDOM % $(wc -l <$ips_file)))
-    ip=$(head -n $n $ips_file | tail -n 1)
+    ip=$(shuf -n1 $ips_file)
     test_vm $ip
     info "Tests complete."
 }
@@ -546,17 +558,9 @@ sync_keys() {
     fi
 }
 
-get_token() {
+make_tag() {
     if [ -z $USER ]; then
         export USER=anonymous
     fi
     date +%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-$USER
 }
-
-describe_tag() {
-    # Display instance details and reachability/status information
-    TAG=$1
-    need_tag $TAG
-    aws_display_instances_by_tag $TAG
-    aws_display_instance_statuses_by_tag $TAG
-}

prepare-vms/lib/infra.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Default stub functions for infrastructure libraries.
+# When loading an infrastructure library, these functions will be overridden.
+
+infra_list() {
+	warning "infra_list is unsupported on $INFRACLASS."
+}
+
+infra_quotas() {
+	warning "infra_quotas is unsupported on $INFRACLASS."
+}
+
+infra_start() {
+	warning "infra_start is unsupported on $INFRACLASS."
+}
+
+infra_stop() {
+	warning "infra_stop is unsupported on $INFRACLASS."
+}
+
+infra_quotas() {
+	warning "infra_quotas is unsupported on $INFRACLASS."
+}
+
+infra_opensg() {
+	warning "infra_opensg is unsupported on $INFRACLASS."
+}

prepare-vms/lib/infra/aws.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+infra_list() {
+    aws_display_tags
+}
+
+infra_quotas() {
+    greet
+
+    max_instances=$(aws ec2 describe-account-attributes \
+        --attribute-names max-instances \
+        --query 'AccountAttributes[*][AttributeValues]')
+    info "In the current region ($AWS_DEFAULT_REGION) you can deploy up to $max_instances instances."
+
+    # Print list of AWS EC2 regions, highlighting ours ($AWS_DEFAULT_REGION) in the list
+    # If our $AWS_DEFAULT_REGION is not valid, the error message will be pretty descriptive:
+    # Could not connect to the endpoint URL: "https://ec2.foo.amazonaws.com/"
+    info "Available regions:"
+    aws ec2 describe-regions | awk '{print $3}' | grep --color=auto $AWS_DEFAULT_REGION -C50
+}
+
+infra_start() {
+    COUNT=$1
+
+    # Print our AWS username, to ease the pain of credential-juggling
+    greet
+
+    # Upload our SSH keys to AWS if needed, to be added to each VM's authorized_keys
+    key_name=$(sync_keys)
+
+    AMI=$(aws_get_ami)    # Retrieve the AWS image ID
+    if [ -z "$AMI" ]; then
+        die "I could not find which AMI to use in this region. Try another region?"
+    fi
+    AWS_KEY_NAME=$(make_key_name)
+
+    sep "Starting instances"
+    info "         Count: $COUNT"
+    info "        Region: $AWS_DEFAULT_REGION"
+    info "     Token/tag: $TAG"
+    info "           AMI: $AMI"
+    info "      Key name: $AWS_KEY_NAME"
+    result=$(aws ec2 run-instances \
+        --key-name $AWS_KEY_NAME \
+        --count $COUNT \
+        --instance-type ${AWS_INSTANCE_TYPE-t2.medium} \
+        --client-token $TAG \
+        --block-device-mapping 'DeviceName=/dev/sda1,Ebs={VolumeSize=20}' \
+        --image-id $AMI)
+    reservation_id=$(echo "$result" | head -1 | awk '{print $2}')
+    info "Reservation ID: $reservation_id"
+    sep
+
+    # if instance creation succeeded, we should have some IDs
+    IDS=$(aws_get_instance_ids_by_client_token $TAG)
+    if [ -z "$IDS" ]; then
+        die "Instance creation failed."
+    fi
+
+    # Tag these new instances with a tag that is the same as the token
+    aws_tag_instances $TAG $TAG
+
+    # Wait until EC2 API tells us that the instances are running
+    wait_until_tag_is_running $TAG $COUNT
+
+    aws_get_instance_ips_by_tag $TAG > tags/$TAG/ips.txt
+}
+
+infra_stop() {
+    aws_kill_instances_by_tag
+}
+
+infra_opensg() {
+    aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress \
+        --group-name default \
+        --protocol icmp \
+        --port -1 \
+        --cidr 0.0.0.0/0
+
+    aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress \
+        --group-name default \
+        --protocol udp \
+        --port 0-65535 \
+        --cidr 0.0.0.0/0
+
+    aws ec2 authorize-security-group-ingress \
+        --group-name default \
+        --protocol tcp \
+        --port 0-65535 \
+        --cidr 0.0.0.0/0
+}
+
+wait_until_tag_is_running() {
+    max_retry=50
+    i=0
+    done_count=0
+    while [[ $done_count -lt $COUNT ]]; do
+        let "i += 1"
+        info "$(printf "%d/%d instances online" $done_count $COUNT)"
+        done_count=$(aws ec2 describe-instances \
+            --filters "Name=tag:Name,Values=$TAG" \
+            "Name=instance-state-name,Values=running" \
+            --query "length(Reservations[].Instances[])")
+        if [[ $i -gt $max_retry ]]; then
+            die "Timed out while waiting for instance creation (after $max_retry retries)"
+        fi
+        sleep 1
+    done
+}
+
+aws_display_tags() {
+    # Print all "Name" tags in our region with their instance count
+    echo "[#] [Status] [Token] [Tag]" \
+        | awk '{ printf "%-7s %-12s %-25s %-25s\n", $1, $2, $3, $4}'
+    aws ec2 describe-instances \
+        --query "Reservations[*].Instances[*].[State.Name,ClientToken,Tags[0].Value]" \
+        | tr -d "\r" \
+        | uniq -c \
+        | sort -k 3 \
+        | awk '{ printf "%-7s %-12s %-25s %-25s\n", $1, $2, $3, $4}'
+}
+
+aws_get_tokens() {
+    aws ec2 describe-instances --output text \
+        --query 'Reservations[*].Instances[*].[ClientToken]' \
+        | sort -u
+}
+
+aws_display_instance_statuses_by_tag() {
+    IDS=$(aws ec2 describe-instances \
+        --filters "Name=tag:Name,Values=$TAG" \
+        --query "Reservations[*].Instances[*].InstanceId" | tr '\t' ' ')
+
+    aws ec2 describe-instance-status \
+        --instance-ids $IDS \
+        --query "InstanceStatuses[*].{ID:InstanceId,InstanceState:InstanceState.Name,InstanceStatus:InstanceStatus.Status,SystemStatus:SystemStatus.Status,Reachability:InstanceStatus.Status}" \
+        --output table
+}
+
+aws_display_instances_by_tag() {
+    result=$(aws ec2 describe-instances --output table \
+        --filter "Name=tag:Name,Values=$TAG" \
+        --query "Reservations[*].Instances[*].[ \
+                        InstanceId, \
+                        State.Name, \
+                        Tags[0].Value, \
+                        PublicIpAddress, \
+                        InstanceType \
+                        ]"
+    )
+    if [[ -z $result ]]; then
+        die "No instances found with tag $TAG in region $AWS_DEFAULT_REGION."
+    else
+        echo "$result"
+    fi
+}
+
+aws_get_instance_ids_by_filter() {
+    FILTER=$1
+    aws ec2 describe-instances --filters $FILTER \
+        --query Reservations[*].Instances[*].InstanceId \
+        --output text | tr "\t" "\n" | tr -d "\r"
+}
+
+aws_get_instance_ids_by_client_token() {
+    TOKEN=$1
+    aws_get_instance_ids_by_filter Name=client-token,Values=$TOKEN
+}
+
+aws_get_instance_ids_by_tag() {
+    aws_get_instance_ids_by_filter Name=tag:Name,Values=$TAG
+}
+
+aws_get_instance_ips_by_tag() {
+    aws ec2 describe-instances --filter "Name=tag:Name,Values=$TAG" \
+        --output text \
+        --query "Reservations[*].Instances[*].PublicIpAddress" \
+        | tr "\t" "\n" \
+        | sort -n -t . -k 1,1 -k 2,2 -k 3,3 -k 4,4 # sort IPs
+}
+
+aws_kill_instances_by_tag() {
+    IDS=$(aws_get_instance_ids_by_tag $TAG)
+    if [ -z "$IDS" ]; then
+        die "Invalid tag."
+    fi
+
+    info "Deleting instances with tag $TAG."
+
+    aws ec2 terminate-instances --instance-ids $IDS \
+        | grep ^TERMINATINGINSTANCES
+
+    info "Deleted instances with tag $TAG."
+}
+
+aws_tag_instances() {
+    OLD_TAG_OR_TOKEN=$1
+    NEW_TAG=$2
+    IDS=$(aws_get_instance_ids_by_client_token $OLD_TAG_OR_TOKEN)
+    [[ -n "$IDS" ]] && aws ec2 create-tags --tag Key=Name,Value=$NEW_TAG --resources $IDS >/dev/null
+    IDS=$(aws_get_instance_ids_by_tag $OLD_TAG_OR_TOKEN)
+    [[ -n "$IDS" ]] && aws ec2 create-tags --tag Key=Name,Value=$NEW_TAG --resources $IDS >/dev/null
+}
+
+aws_get_ami() {
+    ##VERSION##
+    find_ubuntu_ami -r $AWS_DEFAULT_REGION -a amd64 -v 18.04 -t hvm:ebs -N -q
+}

prepare-vms/lib/infra/generic.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+infra_start() {
+	COUNT=$1
+	info "You should now run your provisioning commands for $COUNT machines."
+	info "Note: no machines have been automatically created!"
+	info "Once done, put the list of IP addresses in tags/$TAG/ips.txt"
+	info "(one IP address per line, without any comments or extra lines)."
+	touch tags/$TAG/ips.txt
+}

prepare-vms/lib/infra/openstack.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+infra_start() {
+	COUNT=$1
+
+	cp terraform/*.tf tags/$TAG
+	(
+		cd tags/$TAG
+		terraform init
+		echo prefix = \"$TAG\" >> terraform.tfvars
+		echo count = \"$COUNT\" >> terraform.tfvars
+		terraform apply -auto-approve
+		terraform output ip_addresses > ips.txt
+	)
+}
+
+infra_stop() {
+	(
+		cd tags/$TAG
+		terraform destroy -auto-approve
+	)
+}

prepare-vms/lib/ips-txt-to-html.py

@@ -31,7 +31,13 @@ while ips:
     clusters.append(cluster)
 
 template_file_name = SETTINGS["cards_template"]
-template = jinja2.Template(open(template_file_name).read())
+template_file_path = os.path.join(
+    os.path.dirname(__file__),
+    "..",
+    "templates",
+    template_file_name
+    )
+template = jinja2.Template(open(template_file_path).read())
 with open("ips.html", "w") as f:
 	f.write(template.render(clusters=clusters, **SETTINGS))
 print("Generated ips.html")

prepare-vms/lib/postprep.py

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ system("sudo sed -i 's/PasswordAuthentication no/PasswordAuthentication yes/' /e
 
 system("sudo service ssh restart")
 system("sudo apt-get -q update")
-system("sudo apt-get -qy install git jq python-pip")
+system("sudo apt-get -qy install git jq")
 
 #######################
 ### DOCKER INSTALLS ###
@@ -98,7 +98,6 @@ system("sudo apt-get -q update")
 system("sudo apt-get -qy install docker-ce")
 
 ### Install docker-compose
-#system("sudo pip install -U docker-compose=={}".format(COMPOSE_VERSION))
 system("sudo curl -sSL -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/{}/docker-compose-{}-{}".format(COMPOSE_VERSION, platform.system(), platform.machine()))
 system("sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose")
 system("docker-compose version")

prepare-vms/lib/pssh.sh

@@ -1,12 +1,17 @@
 # This file can be sourced in order to directly run commands on
-# a batch of VMs whose IPs are located in ips.txt of the directory in which
+# a group of VMs whose IPs are located in ips.txt of the directory in which
 # the command is run.
 
 pssh() {
-    HOSTFILE="ips.txt"
+    if [ -z "$TAG" ]; then
+        >/dev/stderr echo "Variable \$TAG is not set."
+        return
+    fi
+
+    HOSTFILE="tags/$TAG/ips.txt"
 
     [ -f $HOSTFILE ] || {
-        >/dev/stderr echo "No hostfile found at $HOSTFILE"
+        >/dev/stderr echo "Hostfile $HOSTFILE not found."
         return
     }
 

prepare-vms/settings/enix.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Number of VMs per cluster
+clustersize: 1
+
+# Jinja2 template to use to generate ready-to-cut cards
+cards_template: enix.html
+
+# Use "Letter" in the US, and "A4" everywhere else
+paper_size: A4
+
+# Feel free to reduce this if your printer can handle it
+paper_margin: 0.2in
+
+# Note: paper_size and paper_margin only apply to PDF generated with pdfkit.
+# If you print (or generate a PDF) using ips.html, they will be ignored.
+# (The equivalent parameters must be set from the browser's print dialog.)
+
+# This can be "test" or "stable"
+engine_version: stable
+
+# These correspond to the version numbers visible on their respective GitHub release pages
+compose_version: 1.21.1
+machine_version: 0.14.0
+
+# Password used to connect with the "docker user"
+docker_user_password: training
+

prepare-vms/settings/jerome.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Number of VMs per cluster
+clustersize: 4
+
+# Jinja2 template to use to generate ready-to-cut cards
+cards_template: jerome.html
+
+# Use "Letter" in the US, and "A4" everywhere else
+paper_size: A4
+
+# Feel free to reduce this if your printer can handle it
+paper_margin: 0.2in
+
+# Note: paper_size and paper_margin only apply to PDF generated with pdfkit.
+# If you print (or generate a PDF) using ips.html, they will be ignored.
+# (The equivalent parameters must be set from the browser's print dialog.)
+
+# This can be "test" or "stable"
+engine_version: stable
+
+# These correspond to the version numbers visible on their respective GitHub release pages
+compose_version: 1.21.1
+machine_version: 0.14.0
+
+# Password used to connect with the "docker user"
+docker_user_password: training
+

prepare-vms/settings/kube101.yaml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 clustersize: 3
 
 # Jinja2 template to use to generate ready-to-cut cards
-cards_template: settings/kube101.html
+cards_template: kube101.html
 
 # Use "Letter" in the US, and "A4" everywhere else
 paper_size: Letter
@@ -24,4 +24,5 @@ compose_version: 1.21.1
 machine_version: 0.14.0
 
 # Password used to connect with the "docker user"
-docker_user_password: training
+docker_user_password: training
+

prepare-vms/settings/swarm.yaml

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ paper_margin: 0.2in
 engine_version: stable
 
 # These correspond to the version numbers visible on their respective GitHub release pages
-compose_version: 1.21.1
-machine_version: 0.14.0
+compose_version: 1.22.0
+machine_version: 0.15.0
 
 # Password used to connect with the "docker user"
-docker_user_password: training
+docker_user_password: training

prepare-vms/templates/enix.html

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+{# Feel free to customize or override anything in there! #}
+{%- set url = "http://FIXME.container.training" -%}
+{%- set pagesize = 9 -%}
+{%- if clustersize == 1 -%}
+    {%- set workshop_name = "Docker workshop" -%}
+    {%- set cluster_or_machine = "machine virtuelle" -%}
+    {%- set this_or_each = "cette" -%}
+    {%- set plural = "" -%}
+    {%- set image_src = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/www.breadware.com/integrations/docker.png" -%}
+{%- else -%}
+    {%- set workshop_name = "Kubernetes workshop" -%}
+    {%- set cluster_or_machine = "cluster" -%}
+    {%- set this_or_each = "chaque" -%}
+    {%- set plural = "s" -%}
+    {%- set image_src_swarm = "https://cdn.wp.nginx.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/docker-swarm-hero2.png" -%}
+    {%- set image_src_kube = "https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/13629408" -%}
+    {%- set image_src = image_src_kube -%}
+{%- endif -%}
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head><style>
+@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Slabo+27px');
+
+body, table {
+    margin: 0;
+    padding: 0;
+    line-height: 1em;
+    font-size: 15px;
+    font-family: 'Slabo 27px';
+}
+
+table {
+    border-spacing: 0;
+    margin-top: 0.4em;
+    margin-bottom: 0.4em;
+    border-left: 0.8em double grey;
+    padding-left: 0.4em;
+}
+
+div {
+    float: left;
+    border: 1px dotted black;
+    padding-top: 1%;
+    padding-bottom: 1%;
+    /* columns * (width+left+right) < 100% */
+    width: 30%;
+    padding-left: 1.5%;
+    padding-right: 1.5%;
+}
+
+p {
+    margin: 0.4em 0 0.4em 0;
+}
+
+img {
+    height: 4em;
+    float: right;
+    margin-right: -0.3em;
+}
+
+img.enix {
+    height: 4.0em;
+    margin-top: 0.4em;
+}
+
+img.kube {
+    height: 4.2em;
+    margin-top: 1.7em;
+}
+
+.logpass {
+    font-family: monospace;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.pagebreak {
+    page-break-after: always;
+    clear: both;
+    display: block;
+    height: 8px;
+}
+</style></head>
+<body>
+{% for cluster in clusters %}
+    {% if loop.index0>0 and loop.index0%pagesize==0 %}
+        <span class="pagebreak"></span>
+    {% endif %}
+    <div>
+
+        <p>
+            Voici les informations permettant de se connecter à votre
+	    {{ cluster_or_machine }} pour cette formation.
+	    Vous pouvez vous connecter à {{ this_or_each }} machine virtuelle
+	    avec n'importe quel client SSH.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+	    <img class="enix" src="https://enix.io/static/img/logos/logo-domain-cropped.png" />
+            <table>
+                <tr><td>identifiant:</td></tr>
+                <tr><td class="logpass">docker</td></tr>
+                <tr><td>mot de passe:</td></tr>
+                <tr><td class="logpass">{{ docker_user_password }}</td></tr>
+            </table>
+
+        </p>
+        <p>
+	Adresse{{ plural }} IP :
+	<!--<img class="kube" src="{{ image_src }}" />-->
+            <table>
+                {% for node in cluster %}
+                <tr><td>node{{ loop.index }}:</td><td>{{ node }}</td></tr>
+                {% endfor %}
+            </table>
+        </p>
+        <p>Le support de formation est à l'adresse suivante :
+            <center>{{ url }}</center>
+        </p>
+    </div>
+{% endfor %}
+</body>
+</html>

prepare-vms/templates/jerome.html

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+{# Feel free to customize or override anything in there! #}
+{%- set url = "http://qconuk2019.container.training/" -%}
+{%- set pagesize = 9 -%}
+{%- if clustersize == 1 -%}
+    {%- set workshop_name = "Docker workshop" -%}
+    {%- set cluster_or_machine = "machine" -%}
+    {%- set this_or_each = "this" -%}
+    {%- set machine_is_or_machines_are = "machine is" -%}
+    {%- set image_src = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/www.breadware.com/integrations/docker.png" -%}
+{%- else -%}
+    {%- set workshop_name = "Kubernetes workshop" -%}
+    {%- set cluster_or_machine = "cluster" -%}
+    {%- set this_or_each = "each" -%}
+    {%- set machine_is_or_machines_are = "machines are" -%}
+    {%- set image_src_swarm = "https://cdn.wp.nginx.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/docker-swarm-hero2.png" -%}
+    {%- set image_src_kube = "https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/13629408" -%}
+    {%- set image_src = image_src_kube -%}
+{%- endif -%}
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head><style>
+@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Slabo+27px');
+body, table {
+    margin: 0;
+    padding: 0;
+    line-height: 1.0em;
+    font-size: 15px;
+    font-family: 'Slabo 27px';
+}
+
+table {
+    border-spacing: 0;
+    margin-top: 0.4em;
+    margin-bottom: 0.4em;
+    border-left: 0.8em double grey;
+    padding-left: 0.4em;
+}
+
+div {
+    float: left;
+    border: 1px dotted black;
+    height: 31%;
+    padding-top: 1%;
+    padding-bottom: 1%;
+    /* columns * (width+left+right) < 100% */
+    width: 30%;
+    padding-left: 1.5%;
+    padding-right: 1.5%;
+}
+
+div.back {
+	border: 1px dotted white;
+}
+
+div.back p {
+    margin: 0.5em 1em 0 1em;
+}
+
+p {
+    margin: 0.4em 0 0.8em 0;
+}
+
+img {
+    height: 5em;
+    float: right;
+    margin-right: 1em;
+}
+
+.logpass {
+    font-family: monospace;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.pagebreak {
+    page-break-after: always;
+    clear: both;
+    display: block;
+    height: 8px;
+}
+</style></head>
+<body>
+{% for cluster in clusters %}
+    <div>
+
+        <p>
+            Here is the connection information to your very own
+            {{ cluster_or_machine }} for this {{ workshop_name }}.
+            You can connect to {{ this_or_each }} VM with any SSH client.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            <img src="{{ image_src }}" />
+            <table>
+                <tr><td>login:</td></tr>
+                <tr><td class="logpass">docker</td></tr>
+                <tr><td>password:</td></tr>
+                <tr><td class="logpass">{{ docker_user_password }}</td></tr>
+            </table>
+
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            Your {{ machine_is_or_machines_are }}:
+            <table>
+                {% for node in cluster %}
+                <tr><td>node{{ loop.index }}:</td><td>{{ node }}</td></tr>
+                {% endfor %}
+            </table>
+        </p>
+        <p>You can find the slides at:
+            <center>{{ url }}</center>
+        </p>
+    </div>
+    {% if loop.index%pagesize==0 or loop.last %}
+        <span class="pagebreak"></span>
+	{% for x in range(pagesize) %}
+        <div class="back">
+        <br/>
+		<p>You got this at the workshop
+		"Getting Started With Kubernetes and Container Orchestration"
+		during QCON London (March 2019).</p>
+		<p>If you liked that workshop,
+		I can train your team or organization
+		on Docker, container, and Kubernetes,
+		with curriculums of 1 to 5 days.
+		</p>
+		<p>Interested? Contact me at:</p>
+		<p>jerome.petazzoni@gmail.com</p>
+		<p>Thank you!</p>
+        </div>
+	{% endfor %}
+	<span class="pagebreak"></span>
+    {% endif %}
+{% endfor %}
+</body>
+</html>

prepare-vms/terraform/keypair.tf

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+resource "openstack_compute_keypair_v2" "ssh_deploy_key" {
+  name       = "${var.prefix}"
+  public_key = "${file("~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub")}"
+}
+

prepare-vms/terraform/machines.tf

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+resource "openstack_compute_instance_v2" "machine" {
+  count           = "${var.count}" 
+  name            = "${format("%s-%04d", "${var.prefix}", count.index+1)}"
+  image_name      = "Ubuntu 16.04.5 (Xenial Xerus)"
+  flavor_name     = "${var.flavor}"
+  security_groups = ["${openstack_networking_secgroup_v2.full_access.name}"]
+  key_pair        = "${openstack_compute_keypair_v2.ssh_deploy_key.name}"
+
+  network {
+    name        = "${openstack_networking_network_v2.internal.name}"
+    fixed_ip_v4 = "${cidrhost("${openstack_networking_subnet_v2.internal.cidr}", count.index+10)}"
+  }
+}
+
+resource "openstack_compute_floatingip_v2" "machine" {
+  count = "${var.count}"
+  # This is something provided to us by Enix when our tenant was provisioned.
+  pool = "Public Floating"
+}
+
+resource "openstack_compute_floatingip_associate_v2" "machine" {
+  count       = "${var.count}"
+  floating_ip = "${openstack_compute_floatingip_v2.machine.*.address[count.index]}"
+  instance_id = "${openstack_compute_instance_v2.machine.*.id[count.index]}"
+  fixed_ip    = "${cidrhost("${openstack_networking_subnet_v2.internal.cidr}", count.index+10)}"
+}
+
+output "ip_addresses" {
+  value = "${join("\n", openstack_compute_floatingip_v2.machine.*.address)}"
+}
+
+variable "flavor" {}

prepare-vms/terraform/network.tf

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+resource "openstack_networking_network_v2" "internal" {
+  name           = "${var.prefix}"
+}
+
+resource "openstack_networking_subnet_v2" "internal" {
+  name            = "${var.prefix}"
+  network_id      = "${openstack_networking_network_v2.internal.id}"
+  cidr            = "10.10.0.0/16"
+  ip_version      = 4
+  dns_nameservers = ["1.1.1.1"]
+}
+
+resource "openstack_networking_router_v2" "router" {
+  name                = "${var.prefix}"
+  external_network_id = "15f0c299-1f50-42a6-9aff-63ea5b75f3fc"
+}
+
+resource "openstack_networking_router_interface_v2" "router_internal" {
+  router_id = "${openstack_networking_router_v2.router.id}"
+  subnet_id = "${openstack_networking_subnet_v2.internal.id}"
+}
+
+

prepare-vms/terraform/provider.tf

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+provider "openstack" {
+  user_name   = "${var.user}"
+  tenant_name = "${var.tenant}"
+  domain_name = "${var.domain}"
+  password    = "${var.password}"
+  auth_url    = "${var.auth_url}"
+}
+
+variable "user" {}
+variable "tenant" {}
+variable "domain" {}
+variable "password" {}
+variable "auth_url" {}

prepare-vms/terraform/secgroup.tf

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+resource "openstack_networking_secgroup_v2" "full_access" {
+  name = "${var.prefix} - full access"
+}
+
+resource "openstack_networking_secgroup_rule_v2" "full_access" {
+  direction         = "ingress"
+  ethertype         = "IPv4"
+  protocol          = ""
+  remote_ip_prefix  = "0.0.0.0/0"
+  security_group_id = "${openstack_networking_secgroup_v2.full_access.id}"
+}
+

prepare-vms/terraform/vars.tf

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+variable "prefix" {
+  type = "string"
+}
+
+variable "count" {
+  type = "string"
+}
+

prepare-vms/workshopctl

@@ -1,20 +1,19 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
-# Get the script's real directory, whether we're being called directly or via a symlink
+# Get the script's real directory.
+# This should work whether we're being called directly or via a symlink.
 if [ -L "$0" ]; then
     export SCRIPT_DIR=$(dirname $(readlink "$0"))
 else
     export SCRIPT_DIR=$(dirname "$0")
 fi
 
-# Load all scriptlets
+# Load all scriptlets.
 cd "$SCRIPT_DIR"
 for lib in lib/*.sh; do
     . $lib
 done
 
-TRAINER_IMAGE="preparevms_prepare-vms"
-
 DEPENDENCIES="
     aws
     ssh
@@ -25,49 +24,26 @@ DEPENDENCIES="
     man
     "
 
-ENVVARS="
-    AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
-    AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
-    AWS_DEFAULT_REGION
-    SSH_AUTH_SOCK
-    "
+# Check for missing dependencies, and issue a warning if necessary.
+missing=0
+for dependency in $DEPENDENCIES; do
+    if ! command -v $dependency >/dev/null; then
+        warning "Dependency $dependency could not be found."
+        missing=1
+    fi
+done
+if [ $missing = 1 ]; then
+    warning "At least one dependency is missing. Install it or try the image wrapper."
+fi
 
-check_envvars() {
-    status=0
-    for envvar in $ENVVARS; do
-        if [ -z "${!envvar}" ]; then
-            error "Environment variable $envvar is not set."
-            if [ "$envvar" = "SSH_AUTH_SOCK" ]; then
-                error "Hint: run 'eval \$(ssh-agent) ; ssh-add' and try again?"
-            fi
-            status=1
-        fi
-    done
-    return $status
-}
+# Check if SSH_AUTH_SOCK is set.
+# (If it's not, deployment will almost certainly fail.)
+if [ -z "${SSH_AUTH_SOCK}" ]; then
+    warning "Environment variable SSH_AUTH_SOCK is not set."
+    warning "Hint: run 'eval \$(ssh-agent) ; ssh-add' and try again?"
+fi
 
-check_dependencies() {
-    status=0
-    for dependency in $DEPENDENCIES; do
-        if ! command -v $dependency >/dev/null; then
-            warning "Dependency $dependency could not be found."
-            status=1
-        fi
-    done
-    return $status
-}
-
-check_image() {
-    docker inspect $TRAINER_IMAGE >/dev/null 2>&1
-}
-
-check_envvars \
-    || die "Please set all required environment variables."
-
-check_dependencies \
-    || warning "At least one dependency is missing. Install it or try the image wrapper."
-
-# Now check which command was invoked and execute it
+# Now check which command was invoked and execute it.
 if [ "$1" ]; then
     cmd="$1"
     shift
@@ -77,6 +53,3 @@ fi
 fun=_cmd_$cmd
 type -t $fun | grep -q function || die "Invalid command: $cmd"
 $fun "$@"
-
-#    export SSH_AUTH_DIRNAME=$(dirname $SSH_AUTH_SOCK)
-#    docker-compose run prepare-vms "$@"

slides/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+FROM alpine:3.11
+RUN apk add --no-cache entr py3-pip git zip
+COPY requirements.txt .
+RUN pip3 install -r requirements.txt

slides/README.md

@@ -34,6 +34,14 @@ compile each `foo.yml` file into `foo.yml.html`.
 You can also run `./build.sh forever`: it will monitor the current
 directory and rebuild slides automatically when files are modified.
 
+If you have problems running `./build.sh` (because of
+Python dependencies or whatever),
+you can also run `docker-compose up` in this directory.
+It will start the `./build.sh forever` script in a container.
+It will also start a web server exposing the slides
+(but the slides should also work if you load them from your
+local filesystem).
+
 
 ## Publishing pipeline
 
@@ -53,4 +61,4 @@ You can run `./slidechecker foo.yml.html` to check for
 missing images and show the number of slides in that deck.
 It requires `phantomjs` to be installed. It takes some
 time to run so it is not yet integrated with the publishing
-pipeline.
+pipeline.

slides/_redirects

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/ /kube-fullday.yml.html 200!

slides/autopilot/autotest.py

@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ def check_exit_status():
 def setup_tmux_and_ssh():
     if subprocess.call(["tmux", "has-session"]):
         logging.error("Couldn't connect to tmux. Please setup tmux first.")
-        ipaddr = open("../../prepare-vms/ips.txt").read().split("\n")[0]
+        ipaddr = "$IPADDR"
         uid = os.getuid()
 
         raise Exception("""

slides/build.sh

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ once)
       ./appendcheck.py $YAML.html
     done
   fi
+  zip -qr slides.zip . && echo "Created slides.zip archive."
   ;;
 
 forever)

slides/containers/Advanced_Dockerfiles.md

@@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
+
+class: title
+
 # Advanced Dockerfiles
 
 ![construction](images/title-advanced-dockerfiles.jpg)

slides/containers/Ambassadors.md

@@ -156,6 +156,36 @@ Different deployments will use different underlying technologies.
 
 ---
 
+## Service meshes
+
+* A service mesh is a configurable network layer.
+
+* It can provide service discovery, high availability, load balancing, observability...
+
+* Service meshes are particularly useful for microservices applications.
+
+* Service meshes are often implemented as proxies.
+
+* Applications connect to the service mesh, which relays the connection where needed.
+
+*Does that sound familiar?*
+
+---
+
+## Ambassadors and service meshes
+
+* When using a service mesh, a "sidecar container" is often used as a proxy
+
+* Our services connect (transparently) to that sidecar container
+
+* That sidecar container figures out where to forward the traffic
+
+... Does that sound familiar?
+
+(It should, because service meshes are essentially app-wide or cluster-wide ambassadors!)
+
+---
+
 ## Section summary
 
 We've learned how to:
@@ -168,3 +198,10 @@ For more information about the ambassador pattern, including demos on Swarm and
 
 * [SwarmWeek video about Swarm+Compose](https://youtube.com/watch?v=qbIvUvwa6As)
 
+Some services meshes and related projects:
+
+* [Istio](https://istio.io/)
+
+* [Linkerd](https://linkerd.io/)
+
+* [Gloo](https://gloo.solo.io/)

slides/containers/Application_Configuration.md

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ docker run jpetazzo/hamba 80 www1:80 www2:80
 
 * Appropriate for mandatory parameters (without which the service cannot start).
 
-* Convenient for "toolbelt" services instanciated many times.
+* Convenient for "toolbelt" services instantiated many times.
 
   (Because there is no extra step: just run it!)
 
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ docker run -e ELASTICSEARCH_URL=http://es42:9201/ kibana
 
 * Appropriate for optional parameters (since the image can provide default values).
 
-* Also convenient for services instanciated many times.
+* Also convenient for services instantiated many times.
 
   (It's as easy as command-line parameters.)
 

slides/containers/Background_Containers.md

@@ -144,6 +144,10 @@ At a first glance, it looks like this would be particularly useful in scripts.
 However, if we want to start a container and get its ID in a reliable way,
 it is better to use `docker run -d`, which we will cover in a bit.
 
+(Using `docker ps -lq` is prone to race conditions: what happens if someone
+else, or another program or script, starts another container just before
+we run `docker ps -lq`?)
+
 ---
 
 ## View the logs of a container

slides/containers/Building_Images_With_Dockerfiles.md

@@ -131,6 +131,12 @@ Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kB
 
 * Be careful (or patient) if that directory is big and your link is slow.
 
+* You can speed up the process with a [`.dockerignore`](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/#dockerignore-file) file 
+
+  * It tells docker to ignore specific files in the directory
+
+  * Only ignore files that you won't need in the build context!
+
 ---
 
 ## Executing each step

slides/containers/Compose_For_Dev_Stacks.md

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ First step: clone the source code for the app we will be working on.
 
 ```bash
 $ cd
-$ git clone git://github.com/jpetazzo/trainingwheels
+$ git clone https://github.com/jpetazzo/trainingwheels
 ...
 $ cd trainingwheels
 ```

slides/containers/Container_Engines.md

@@ -67,7 +67,8 @@ The following list is not exhaustive.
 
 Furthermore, we limited the scope to Linux containers.
 
-Containers also exist (sometimes with other names) on Windows, macOS, Solaris, FreeBSD ...
+We can also find containers (or things that look like containers) on other platforms
+like Windows, macOS, Solaris, FreeBSD ...
 
 ---
 
@@ -155,6 +156,36 @@ We're not aware of anyone using it directly (i.e. outside of Kubernetes).
 
 ---
 
+## Kata containers
+
+* OCI-compliant runtime.
+
+* Fusion of two projects: Intel Clear Containers and Hyper runV.
+
+* Run each container in a lightweight virtual machine.
+
+* Requires to run on bare metal *or* with nested virtualization.
+
+---
+
+## gVisor
+
+* OCI-compliant runtime.
+
+* Implements a subset of the Linux kernel system calls.
+
+* Written in go, uses a smaller subset of system calls.
+
+* Can be heavily sandboxed.
+
+* Can run in two modes:
+
+  * KVM (requires bare metal or nested virtualization),
+
+  * ptrace (no requirement, but slower).
+
+---
+
 ## Overall ...
 
 * The Docker Engine is very developer-centric:
@@ -174,4 +205,3 @@ We're not aware of anyone using it directly (i.e. outside of Kubernetes).
   - Docker is a good default choice
 
   - If you use Kubernetes, the engine doesn't matter
-

slides/containers/Container_Network_Model.md

@@ -107,9 +107,17 @@ class: pic
 
 class: pic
 
+## Two containers on a single Docker network
+
+![bridge2](images/bridge2.png)
+
+---
+
+class: pic
+
 ## Two containers on two Docker networks
 
-![bridge3](images/bridge2.png)
+![bridge3](images/bridge3.png)
 
 ---
 
@@ -520,7 +528,7 @@ Very short instructions:
 - `docker network create mynet --driver overlay`
 - `docker service create --network mynet myimage`
 
-See http://jpetazzo.github.io/container.training for all the deets about clustering!
+See https://jpetazzo.github.io/container.training for all the deets about clustering!
 
 ---
 
@@ -713,3 +721,20 @@ eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 02:42:AC:15:00:03
 ...
 ```
 ]
+
+---
+
+class: extra-details
+
+## Building with a custom network
+
+* We can build a Dockerfile with a custom network with `docker build --network NAME`.
+
+* This can be used to check that a build doesn't access the network.
+
+  (But keep in mind that most Dockerfiles will fail,
+  <br/>because they need to install remote packages and dependencies!)
+
+* This may be used to access an internal package repository.
+
+  (But try to use a multi-stage build instead, if possible!)

slides/containers/Ecosystem.md

@@ -169,5 +169,5 @@ Would we give the same answers to the questions on the previous slide?
 
 class: pic
 
-![Cloud Native Landscape](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cncf/landscape/master/landscape/CloudNativeLandscape_latest.png)
+![Cloud Native Landscape](https://landscape.cncf.io/images/landscape.png)
 

slides/containers/Getting_Inside.md

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+
 class: title
 
 # Getting inside a container

slides/containers/Initial_Images.md

@@ -66,14 +66,6 @@ class: pic
 
 ---
 
-class: pic
-
-## Multiple containers sharing the same image
-
-![layers](images/sharing-layers.jpg)
-
----
-
 ## Differences between containers and images
 
 * An image is a read-only filesystem.
@@ -88,6 +80,14 @@ class: pic
 
 ---
 
+class: pic
+
+## Multiple containers sharing the same image
+
+![layers](images/sharing-layers.jpg)
+
+---
+
 ## Comparison with object-oriented programming
 
 * Images are conceptually similar to *classes*.
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ If an image is read-only, how do we change it?
 
 * The only way to create an image is by "freezing" a container.
 
-* The only way to create a container is by instanciating an image.
+* The only way to create a container is by instantiating an image.
 
 * Help!
 
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ clock
 
 ---
 
-## Self-Hosted namespace
+## Self-hosted namespace
 
 This namespace holds images which are not hosted on Docker Hub, but on third
 party registries.
@@ -233,6 +233,13 @@ localhost:5000/wordpress
 * `localhost:5000` is the host and port of the registry
 * `wordpress` is the name of the image
 
+Other examples:
+
+```bash
+quay.io/coreos/etcd
+gcr.io/google-containers/hugo
+```
+
 ---
 
 ## How do you store and manage images?
@@ -352,6 +359,8 @@ Do specify tags:
 * To ensure that the same version will be used everywhere.
 * To ensure repeatability later.
 
+This is similar to what we would do with `pip install`, `npm install`, etc.
+
 ---
 
 ## Section summary

slides/containers/Installing_Docker.md

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+
 class: title
 
 # Installing Docker
@@ -81,11 +82,11 @@ class: extra-details
 
 ## Installing Docker on macOS and Windows
 
-* On macOS, the recommended method is to use Docker for Mac:
+* On macOS, the recommended method is to use Docker Desktop for Mac:
 
   https://docs.docker.com/docker-for-mac/install/
 
-* On Windows 10 Pro, Enterprise, and Education, you can use Docker for Windows:
+* On Windows 10 Pro, Enterprise, and Education, you can use Docker Desktop for Windows:
 
   https://docs.docker.com/docker-for-windows/install/
 
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
 ---
 
-## Docker for Mac and Docker for Windows
+## Docker Desktop for Mac and Docker Desktop for Windows
 
 * Special Docker Editions that integrate well with their respective host OS
 

slides/containers/Local_Development_Workflow.md

@@ -309,54 +309,6 @@ and *canary deployments*.
 
 ---
 
-## Improving the workflow
-
-The workflow that we showed is nice, but it requires us to:
-
-* keep track of all the `docker run` flags required to run the container,
-
-* inspect the `Dockerfile` to know which path(s) to mount,
-
-* write scripts to hide that complexity.
-
-There has to be a better way!
-
----
-
-## Docker Compose to the rescue
-
-* Docker Compose allows us to "encode" `docker run` parameters in a YAML file.
-
-* Here is the `docker-compose.yml` file that we can use for our "namer" app:
-
-  ```yaml
-  www:
-    build: .
-    volumes:
-      - .:/src
-    ports:
-      - 80:9292
-  ```
-
-* Try it:
-  ```bash
-  $ docker-compose up -d
-  ```
-
----
-
-## Working with Docker Compose
-
-* When you see a `docker-compose.yml` file, you can use `docker-compose up`.
-
-* It can build images and run them with the required parameters.
-
-* Compose can also deal with complex, multi-container apps.
-
-  (More on this later!)
-
----
-
 ## Recap of the development workflow
 
 1. Write a Dockerfile to build an image containing our development environment.

slides/containers/Logging.md

@@ -194,9 +194,13 @@ will have equal success with Fluent or other logging stacks!*
 
 - We are going to use a Compose file describing the ELK stack.
 
+- The Compose file is in the container.training repository on GitHub.
+
 ```bash
-$ cd ~/container.training/stacks
-$ docker-compose -f elk.yml up -d
+$ git clone https://github.com/jpetazzo/container.training
+$ cd container.training
+$ cd elk
+$ docker-compose up
 ```
 
 - Let's have a look at the Compose file while it's deploying.
@@ -291,4 +295,4 @@ that you don't drop messages on the floor. Good luck.
 
 If you want to learn more about the GELF driver,
 have a look at [this blog post](
-http://jpetazzo.github.io/2017/01/20/docker-logging-gelf/).
+https://jpetazzo.github.io/2017/01/20/docker-logging-gelf/).

slides/containers/Multi_Stage_Builds.md

@@ -293,3 +293,23 @@ We can achieve even smaller images if we use smaller base images.
 However, if we use common base images (e.g. if we standardize on `ubuntu`),
 these common images will be pulled only once per node, so they are
 virtually "free."
+
+---
+
+## Build targets
+
+* We can also tag an intermediary stage with `docker build --target STAGE --tag NAME`
+
+* This will create an image (named `NAME`) corresponding to stage `STAGE`
+
+* This can be used to easily access an intermediary stage for inspection
+
+  (Instead of parsing the output of `docker build` to find out the image ID)
+
+* This can also be used to describe multiple images from a single Dockerfile
+
+  (Instead of using multiple Dockerfiles, which could go out of sync)
+
+* Sometimes, we want to inspect a specific intermediary build stage.
+
+* Or, we want to describe multiple images using a single Dockerfile.

slides/containers/Orchestration_Overview.md

@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ processes or data flows are given access to system resources.*
 
 The scheduler is concerned mainly with:
 
-- throughput (total amount or work done per time unit);
+- throughput (total amount of work done per time unit);
 - turnaround time (between submission and completion);
 - response time (between submission and start);
 - waiting time (between job readiness and execution);
@@ -243,58 +243,76 @@ Scheduling = deciding which hypervisor to use for each VM.
 
 ---
 
+class: pic
+
 ## Scheduling with one resource
 
 .center[![Not-so-good bin packing](images/binpacking-1d-1.gif)]
 
-Can we do better?
+## Can we do better?
 
 ---
 
+class: pic
+
 ## Scheduling with one resource
 
 .center[![Better bin packing](images/binpacking-1d-2.gif)]
 
-Yup!
+## Yup!
 
 ---
 
+class: pic
+
 ## Scheduling with two resources
 
 .center[![2D bin packing](images/binpacking-2d.gif)]
 
 ---
 
+class: pic
+
 ## Scheduling with three resources
 
 .center[![3D bin packing](images/binpacking-3d.gif)]
 
 ---
 
+class: pic
+
 ## You need to be good at this
 
 .center[![Tangram](images/tangram.gif)]
 
 ---
 
+class: pic
+
 ## But also, you must be quick!
 
 .center[![Tetris](images/tetris-1.png)]
 
 ---
 
+class: pic
+
 ## And be web scale!
 
 .center[![Big tetris](images/tetris-2.gif)]
 
 ---
 
+class: pic
+
 ## And think outside (?) of the box!
 
 .center[![3D tetris](images/tetris-3.png)]
 
 ---
 
+class: pic
+
 ## Good luck!
 
 .center[![FUUUUUU face](images/fu-face.jpg)]
@@ -372,7 +390,7 @@ It depends on:
 
   (Marathon = long running processes; Chronos = run at intervals; ...)
 
-- Commercial offering through DC/OS my Mesosphere.
+- Commercial offering through DC/OS by Mesosphere.
 
 ---
 

slides/containers/Publishing_To_Docker_Hub.md

@@ -91,12 +91,12 @@ class: extra-details
 
 * We need a Dockerized repository!
 * Let's go to https://github.com/jpetazzo/trainingwheels and fork it.
-* Go to the Docker Hub (https://hub.docker.com/).
-* Select "Create" in the top-right bar, and select "Create Automated Build."
+* Go to the Docker Hub (https://hub.docker.com/) and sign-in. Select "Repositories" in the blue navigation menu.
+* Select "Create" in the top-right bar, and select "Create Repository+".
 * Connect your Docker Hub account to your GitHub account.
-* Select your user and the repository that we just forked.
-* Create.
-* Then go to "Build Settings."
-* Put `/www` in "Dockerfile Location" (or whichever directory the Dockerfile is in).
-* Click "Trigger" to build the repository immediately (without waiting for a git push).
+* Click "Create" button.
+* Then go to "Builds" folder.
+* Click on Github icon and select your user and the repository that we just forked.
+* In "Build rules" block near page bottom, put `/www` in "Build Context" column (or whichever directory the Dockerfile is in).
+* Click "Save and Build" to build the repository immediately (without waiting for a git push).
 * Subsequent builds will happen automatically, thanks to GitHub hooks.

slides/containers/Start_And_Attach.md

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Analogy: attaching to a container is like plugging a keyboard and screen to a ph
 
 ---
 
-## Detaching from a container
+## Detaching from a container (Linux/macOS)
 
 * If you have started an *interactive* container (with option `-it`), you can detach from it.
 
@@ -41,6 +41,20 @@ What does `-it` stand for?
 
 ---
 
+## Detaching cont. (Win PowerShell and cmd.exe)
+
+* Docker for Windows has a different detach experience due to shell features.
+
+* `^P^Q` does not work.
+
+* `^C` will detach, rather than stop the container.
+
+* Using Bash, Subsystem for Linux, etc. on Windows behaves like Linux/macOS shells.
+
+* Both PowerShell and Bash work well in Win 10; just be aware of differences.
+
+---
+
 class: extra-details
 
 ## Specifying a custom detach sequence

slides/containers/Training_Environment.md

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+
 class: title
 
 # Our training environment
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ class: title
 
   - install Docker on e.g. a cloud VM
 
-  - use http://www.play-with-docker.com/ to instantly get a training environment
+  - use https://www.play-with-docker.com/ to instantly get a training environment
 
 ---
 
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ $ ssh <login>@<ip-address>
 
   * Git BASH (https://git-for-windows.github.io/)
 
-  * MobaXterm (http://moabaxterm.mobatek.net)
+  * MobaXterm (https://mobaxterm.mobatek.net/)
 
 ---
 

slides/containers/Windows_Containers.md

@@ -0,0 +1,164 @@
+class: title
+
+# Windows Containers
+
+![Container with Windows](images/windows-containers.jpg)
+
+---
+
+## Objectives
+
+At the end of this section, you will be able to:
+
+* Understand Windows Container vs. Linux Container.
+
+* Know about the features of Docker for Windows for choosing architecture.
+
+* Run other container architectures via QEMU emulation.
+
+---
+
+## Are containers *just* for Linux?
+
+Remember that a container must run on the kernel of the OS it's on.
+
+- This is both a benefit and a limitation.
+ 
+  (It makes containers lightweight, but limits them to a specific kernel.)
+ 
+- At its launch in 2013, Docker did only support Linux, and only on amd64 CPUs.
+
+- Since then, many platforms and OS have been added.
+
+  (Windows, ARM, i386, IBM mainframes ...  But no macOS or iOS yet!)
+
+--
+
+- Docker Desktop (macOS and Windows) can run containers for other architectures
+
+  (Check the docs to see how to [run a Raspberry Pi (ARM) or PPC container](https://docs.docker.com/docker-for-mac/multi-arch/)!)
+
+---
+
+## History of Windows containers
+
+- Early 2016, Windows 10 gained support for running Windows binaries in containers.
+
+  - These are known as "Windows Containers"
+  
+  - Win 10 expects Docker for Windows to be installed for full features
+
+  - These must run in Hyper-V mini-VM's with a Windows Server x64 kernel 
+
+  - No "scratch" containers, so use "Core" and "Nano" Server OS base layers
+
+  - Since Hyper-V is required, Windows 10 Home won't work (yet...)
+
+--
+
+- Late 2016, Windows Server 2016 ships with native Docker support
+
+  - Installed via PowerShell, doesn't need Docker for Windows
+
+  - Can run native (without VM), or with [Hyper-V Isolation](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/windowscontainers/manage-containers/hyperv-container)
+
+---
+
+## LCOW (Linux Containers On Windows)
+
+While Docker on Windows is largely playing catch up with Docker on Linux,
+it's moving fast; and this is one thing that you *cannot* do on Linux!
+
+- LCOW came with the [2017 Fall Creators Update](https://blog.docker.com/2018/02/docker-for-windows-18-02-with-windows-10-fall-creators-update/).
+
+- It can run Linux and Windows containers side-by-side on Win 10.
+
+- It is no longer necessary to switch the Engine to "Linux Containers".
+
+  (In fact, if you want to run both Linux and Windows containers at the same time,
+   make sure that your Engine is set to "Windows Containers" mode!)
+
+--
+
+If you are a Docker for Windows user, start your engine and try this:
+
+```bash
+docker pull microsoft/nanoserver:1803
+```
+
+(Make sure to switch to "Windows Containers mode" if necessary.)
+
+---
+
+## Run Both Windows and Linux containers
+
+- Run a Windows Nano Server (minimal CLI-only server)
+
+  ```bash
+  docker run --rm -it microsoft/nanoserver:1803 powershell
+  Get-Process
+  exit
+  ```
+
+- Run busybox on Linux in LCOW
+
+  ```bash
+  docker run --rm --platform linux busybox echo hello
+  ```
+
+(Although you will not be able to see them, this will create hidden
+Nano and LinuxKit VMs in Hyper-V!)
+
+---
+
+## Did We Say Things Move Fast
+
+- Things keep improving.
+
+- Now `--platform` defaults to `windows`, some images support both:
+
+  - golang, mongo, python, redis, hello-world ... and more being added
+
+  - you should still use `--plaform` with multi-os images to be certain
+
+- Windows Containers now support `localhost` accessible containers (July 2018)
+
+- Microsoft (April 2018) added Hyper-V support to Windows 10 Home ...
+
+  ... so stay tuned for Docker support, maybe?!?
+
+---
+
+## Other Windows container options
+
+Most "official" Docker images don't run on Windows yet.
+
+Places to Look:
+
+  - Hub Official: https://hub.docker.com/u/winamd64/
+
+  - Microsoft: https://hub.docker.com/r/microsoft/
+
+---
+
+## SQL Server? Choice of Linux or Windows
+
+- Microsoft [SQL Server for Linux 2017](https://hub.docker.com/r/microsoft/mssql-server-linux/) (amd64/linux)
+
+- Microsoft [SQL Server Express 2017](https://hub.docker.com/r/microsoft/mssql-server-windows-express/) (amd64/windows)
+
+---
+
+## Windows Tools and Tips
+
+- PowerShell [Tab Completion: DockerCompletion](https://github.com/matt9ucci/DockerCompletion)
+
+- Best Shell GUI: [Cmder.net](https://cmder.net/)
+
+- Good Windows Container Blogs and How-To's
+
+  - Docker DevRel [Elton Stoneman, Microsoft MVP](https://blog.sixeyed.com/)
+
+  - Docker Captain [Nicholas Dille](https://dille.name/blog/)
+
+  - Docker Captain [Stefan Scherer](https://stefanscherer.github.io/) 

slides/containers/Working_With_Volumes.md

@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ or providing extra features. For instance:
 * [REX-Ray](https://rexray.io/) - create and manage volumes backed by an enterprise storage system (e.g.
   SAN or NAS), or by cloud block stores (e.g. EBS, EFS).
 
-* [Portworx](http://portworx.com/) - provides distributed block store for containers.
+* [Portworx](https://portworx.com/) - provides distributed block store for containers.
 
 * [Gluster](https://www.gluster.org/) - open source software-defined distributed storage that can scale
   to several petabytes. It provides interfaces for object, block and file storage.

slides/containers/intro.md

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class: self-paced
 
 - These slides include *tons* of exercises and examples
 
-- They assume that you have acccess to a machine running Docker
+- They assume that you have access to a machine running Docker
 
 - If you are attending a workshop or tutorial:
   <br/>you will be given specific instructions to access a cloud VM

slides/docker-compose.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+version: "2"
+
+services:
+  www:
+    image: nginx
+    volumes:
+    - .:/usr/share/nginx/html
+    ports:
+    - 80
+  builder:
+    build: .
+    volumes:
+    - ..:/repo
+    working_dir: /repo/slides
+    command: ./build.sh forever
+

slides/images/dockercoins-diagram.xml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<mxfile userAgent="Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36" version="9.3.0" editor="www.draw.io" type="device"><diagram id="cb13f823-9e55-f92e-d17e-d0d789fca2e0" name="Page-1">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</diagram></mxfile>

slides/index.py

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python2
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
 # coding: utf-8
 TEMPLATE="""<html>
 <head>
   <title>{{ title }}</title>
   <link rel="stylesheet" href="index.css">
+  <meta charset="UTF-8">
 </head>
 <body>
   <div class="main">
     <table>
       <tr><td class="header" colspan="3">{{ title }}</td></tr>
+      <tr><td class="details" colspan="3">Note: while some workshops are delivered in French, slides are always in English.</td></tr>
 
       {% if coming_soon %}
         <tr><td class="title" colspan="3">Coming soon near you</td></tr>
@@ -17,7 +19,10 @@ TEMPLATE="""<html>
           <tr>
             <td>{{ item.title }}</td>
             <td>{% if item.slides %}<a class="slides" href="{{ item.slides }}" />{% endif %}</td>
-            <td><a class="attend" href="{{ item.attend }}" /></td>
+            <td>{% if item.attend %}<a class="attend" href="{{ item.attend }}" />
+            {% else %}
+              <p class="details">{{ item.status }}</p>
+            {% endif %}</td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
             <td class="details">Scheduled {{ item.prettydate }} at {{ item.event }} in {{item.city }}.</td>
@@ -31,7 +36,10 @@ TEMPLATE="""<html>
         {% for item in past_workshops[:5] %}
           <tr>
             <td>{{ item.title }}</td>
-            <td><a class="slides" href="{{ item.slides }}" /></td>
+            <td>{% if item.slides %}<a class="slides" href="{{ item.slides }}" />
+            {% else %}
+              <p class="details">{{ item.status }}</p>
+            {% endif %}</td>
             <td>{% if item.video %}<a class="video" href="{{ item.video }}" />{% endif %}</td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
@@ -98,34 +106,49 @@ TEMPLATE="""<html>
     </table>
   </div>
 </body>
-</html>""".decode("utf-8")
+</html>"""
 
 import datetime
 import jinja2
 import yaml
 
-items = yaml.load(open("index.yaml"))
+items = yaml.safe_load(open("index.yaml"))
+
+# Items with a date correspond to scheduled sessions.
+# Items without a date correspond to self-paced content.
+# The date should be specified as a string (e.g. 2018-11-26).
+# It can also be a list of two elements (e.g. [2018-11-26, 2018-11-28]).
+# The latter indicates an event spanning multiple dates.
+# The first date will be used in the generated page, but the event
+# will be considered "current" (and therefore, shown in the list of
+# upcoming events) until the second date.
 
 for item in items:
     if "date" in item:
         date = item["date"]
+        if type(date) == list:
+            date_begin, date_end = date
+        else:
+            date_begin, date_end = date, date
         suffix = {
                 1: "st", 2: "nd", 3: "rd",
                 21: "st", 22: "nd", 23: "rd",
-                31: "st"}.get(date.day, "th")
+                31: "st"}.get(date_begin.day, "th")
         # %e is a non-standard extension (it displays the day, but without a
         # leading zero). If strftime fails with ValueError, try to fall back
         # on %d (which displays the day but with a leading zero when needed).
         try:
-            item["prettydate"] = date.strftime("%B %e{}, %Y").format(suffix)
+            item["prettydate"] = date_begin.strftime("%B %e{}, %Y").format(suffix)
         except ValueError:
-            item["prettydate"] = date.strftime("%B %d{}, %Y").format(suffix)
+            item["prettydate"] = date_begin.strftime("%B %d{}, %Y").format(suffix)
+        item["begin"] = date_begin
+        item["end"] = date_end
 
 today = datetime.date.today()
-coming_soon = [i for i in items if i.get("date") and i["date"] >= today]
-coming_soon.sort(key=lambda i: i["date"])
-past_workshops = [i for i in items if i.get("date") and i["date"] < today]
-past_workshops.sort(key=lambda i: i["date"], reverse=True)
+coming_soon = [i for i in items if i.get("date") and i["end"] >= today]
+coming_soon.sort(key=lambda i: i["begin"])
+past_workshops = [i for i in items if i.get("date") and i["end"] < today]
+past_workshops.sort(key=lambda i: i["begin"], reverse=True)
 self_paced = [i for i in items if not i.get("date")]
 recorded_workshops = [i for i in items if i.get("video")]
 
@@ -137,10 +160,10 @@ with open("index.html", "w") as f:
     	past_workshops=past_workshops,
     	self_paced=self_paced,
     	recorded_workshops=recorded_workshops
-    	).encode("utf-8"))
+    	))
 
 with open("past.html", "w") as f:
 	f.write(template.render(
 		title="Container Training",
 		all_past_workshops=past_workshops
-		).encode("utf-8"))
+		))

slides/index.yaml

@@ -1,26 +1,143 @@
-- date: 2018-11-23
-  city: Copenhagen
-  country: dk
+- date: 2019-06-18
+  country: ca
+  city: Montréal
+  event: Elapse Technologies
+  title: Getting Started With Kubernetes And Orchestration
+  speaker: jpetazzo
+  status: coming soon
+  hidden: http://elapsetech.com/formation/kubernetes-101
+
+- date: 2019-06-17
+  country: ca
+  city: Montréal
+  event: Elapse Technologies
+  title: Getting Started With Docker And Containers
+  speaker: jpetazzo
+  status: coming soon
+  hidden: http://elapsetech.com/formation/docker-101
+
+- date: 2019-05-01
+  country: us
+  city: Cleveland, OH
+  event: PyCon
+  speaker: jpetazzo, s0ulshake
+  title: Getting started with Kubernetes and container orchestration
+  attend: https://us.pycon.org/2019/schedule/presentation/74/
+
+- date: 2019-04-28
+  country: us
+  city: Chicago, IL
   event: GOTO
-  title: Build Container Orchestration with Docker Swarm
-  speaker: bretfisher
-  attend: https://gotocph.com/2018/workshops/121
+  speaker: jpetazzo
+  title: Getting Started With Kubernetes and Container Orchestration
+  attend: https://gotochgo.com/2019/workshops/148
+
+- date: [2019-04-23, 2019-04-24]
+  country: fr
+  city: Paris
+  event: ENIX SAS
+  speaker: "jpetazzo, rdegez"
+  title: Déployer ses applications avec Kubernetes (in French)
+  lang: fr
+  attend: https://enix.io/fr/services/formation/deployer-ses-applications-avec-kubernetes/
+
+- date: [2019-04-15, 2019-04-16]
+  country: fr
+  city: Paris
+  event: ENIX SAS
+  speaker: "jpetazzo, alexbuisine"
+  title: Bien démarrer avec les conteneurs (in French)
+  lang: fr
+  attend: https://enix.io/fr/services/formation/bien-demarrer-avec-les-conteneurs/
+
+- date: 2019-03-08
+  country: uk
+  city: London
+  event: QCON
+  speaker: jpetazzo
+  title: Getting Started With Kubernetes and Container Orchestration
+  attend: https://qconlondon.com/london2019/workshop/getting-started-kubernetes-and-container-orchestration
+  slides: https://qconuk2019.container.training/
+
+- date: 2019-02-25
+  country: ca
+  city: Montréal
+  event: Elapse Technologies
+  speaker: jpetazzo
+  title: <strike>Getting Started With Docker And Containers</strike> (rescheduled for June 2019)
+  status: rescheduled
+
+- date: 2019-02-26
+  country: ca
+  city: Montréal
+  event: Elapse Technologies
+  speaker: jpetazzo
+  title: <strike>Getting Started With Kubernetes And Orchestration</strike> (rescheduled for June 2019)
+  status: rescheduled
+
+- date: 2019-02-28
+  country: ca
+  city: Québec
+  lang: fr
+  event: Elapse Technologies
+  speaker: jpetazzo
+  title: <strike>Bien démarrer avec Docker et les conteneurs (in French)</strike>
+  status: cancelled
+
+- date: 2019-03-01
+  country: ca
+  city: Québec
+  lang: fr
+  event: Elapse Technologies
+  speaker: jpetazzo
+  title: <strike>Bien démarrer avec Docker et l'orchestration (in French)</strike>
+  status: cancelled
+
+- date: [2019-01-07, 2019-01-08]
+  country: fr
+  city: Paris
+  event: ENIX SAS
+  speaker: "jpetazzo, alexbuisine"
+  title: Bien démarrer avec les conteneurs (in French)
+  lang: fr
+  attend: https://enix.io/fr/services/formation/bien-demarrer-avec-les-conteneurs/
+  slides: https://intro-2019-01.container.training
+
+- date: [2018-12-17, 2018-12-18]
+  country: fr
+  city: Paris
+  event: ENIX SAS
+  speaker: "jpetazzo, rdegez"
+  title: Déployer ses applications avec Kubernetes
+  lang: fr
+  attend: https://enix.io/fr/services/formation/deployer-ses-applications-avec-kubernetes/
+  slides: http://decembre2018.container.training
 
 - date: 2018-11-08
   city: San Francisco, CA
   country: us
   event: QCON
   title: Introduction to Docker and Containers
-  speaker: jpetazzo
+  speaker: zeroasterisk
   attend: https://qconsf.com/sf2018/workshop/introduction-docker-and-containers
 
+- date: 2018-11-08
+  city: San Francisco, CA
+  country: us
+  event: QCON
+  title: Getting Started With Kubernetes and Container Orchestration
+  speaker: jpetazzo
+  attend: https://qconsf.com/sf2018/workshop/getting-started-kubernetes-and-container-orchestration-thursday-section
+  slides: http://qconsf2018.container.training/
+
 - date: 2018-11-09
   city: San Francisco, CA
   country: us
   event: QCON
   title: Getting Started With Kubernetes and Container Orchestration
   speaker: jpetazzo
-  attend: https://qconsf.com/sf2018/workshop/getting-started-kubernetes-and-container-orchestration
+  attend: https://qconsf.com/sf2018/workshop/getting-started-kubernetes-and-container-orchestration-friday-section
+  slides: http://qconsf2018.container.training/
 
 - date: 2018-10-31
   city: London, UK
@@ -28,6 +145,7 @@
   event: Velocity EU
   title: Kubernetes 101
   speaker: bridgetkromhout
+  slides: https://velocityeu2018.container.training
   attend: https://conferences.oreilly.com/velocity/vl-eu/public/schedule/detail/71149
 
 - date: 2018-10-30
@@ -54,16 +172,18 @@
   title: Kubernetes 101
   speaker: bridgetkromhout
   attend: https://conferences.oreilly.com/velocity/vl-ny/public/schedule/detail/70102
+  slides: https://velny-k8s101-2018.container.training
 
-- date: 2018-09-30
+- date: 2018-10-01
   city: New York, NY
   country: us
   event: Velocity
   title: Kubernetes Bootcamp - Deploying and Scaling Microservices
   speaker: jpetazzo
   attend: https://conferences.oreilly.com/velocity/vl-ny/public/schedule/detail/69875
+  slides: https://k8s2d.container.training
 
-- date: 2018-09-30
+- date: 2018-10-01
   city: New York, NY
   country: us
   event: Velocity
@@ -76,9 +196,10 @@
   city: Paris
   event: ENIX SAS
   speaker: jpetazzo
-  title: Déployer ses applications avec Kubernetes (in French)
+  title: Déployer ses applications avec Kubernetes
   lang: fr
   attend:  https://enix.io/fr/services/formation/deployer-ses-applications-avec-kubernetes/
+  slides: https://septembre2018.container.training
 
 - date: 2018-07-17
   city: Portland, OR

slides/intro-fullday.yml

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ chapters:
   #- containers/Connecting_Containers_With_Links.md
   - containers/Ambassadors.md
 - - containers/Local_Development_Workflow.md
+  - containers/Windows_Containers.md
   - containers/Working_With_Volumes.md
   - containers/Compose_For_Dev_Stacks.md
   - containers/Docker_Machine.md

slides/intro-selfpaced.yml

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ chapters:
   #- containers/Connecting_Containers_With_Links.md
   - containers/Ambassadors.md
 - - containers/Local_Development_Workflow.md
+  - containers/Windows_Containers.md
   - containers/Working_With_Volumes.md
   - containers/Compose_For_Dev_Stacks.md
   - containers/Docker_Machine.md

slides/k8s/authn-authz.md

@@ -24,15 +24,9 @@
 
   (it examines headers, certificates ... anything available)
 
-- Many authentication methods can be used simultaneously:
+- Many authentication methods are available and can be used simultaneously
 
-  - TLS client certificates (that's what we've been doing with `kubectl` so far)
-
-  - bearer tokens (a secret token in the HTTP headers of the request)
-
-  - [HTTP basic auth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_access_authentication) (carrying user and password in a HTTP header)
-
-  - authentication proxy (sitting in front of the API and setting trusted headers)
+  (we will see them on the next slide)
 
 - It's the job of the authentication method to produce:
 
@@ -44,6 +38,26 @@
 
 ---
 
+## Authentication methods
+
+- TLS client certificates
+
+  (that's what we've been doing with `kubectl` so far)
+
+- Bearer tokens
+
+  (a secret token in the HTTP headers of the request)
+
+- [HTTP basic auth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_access_authentication)
+
+  (carrying user and password in a HTTP header)
+
+- Authentication proxy
+
+  (sitting in front of the API and setting trusted headers)
+
+---
+
 ## Anonymous requests
 
 - If any authentication method *rejects* a request, it's denied
@@ -119,6 +133,30 @@ class: extra-details
 
 → We are user `kubernetes-admin`, in group `system:masters`.
 
+(We will see later how and why this gives us the permissions that we have.)
+
+---
+
+## User certificates in practice
+
+- The Kubernetes API server does not support certificate revocation
+
+  (see issue [#18982](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/18982))
+
+- As a result, we cannot easily suspend a user's access
+
+- There are workarounds, but they are very inconvenient:
+
+  - issue short-lived certificates (e.g. 24 hours) and regenerate them often
+
+  - re-create the CA and re-issue all certificates in case of compromise
+
+  - grant permissions to individual users, not groups
+    <br/>
+    (and remove all permissions to a compromised user)
+
+- Until this is fixed, we probably want to use other methods
+
 ---
 
 ## Authentication with tokens
@@ -182,23 +220,23 @@ class: extra-details
   kubectl get sa
   ```
 
- ]
+]
 
- There should be just one service account in the default namespace: `default`.
+There should be just one service account in the default namespace: `default`.
 
- ---
+---
 
- class: extra-details
+class: extra-details
 
- ## Finding the secret
+## Finding the secret
 
- .exercise[
+.exercise[
 
- - List the secrets for the `default` service account:
-   ```bash
-   kubectl get sa default -o yaml
-   SECRET=$(kubectl get sa default -o json | jq -r .secrets[0].name)
-   ```
+- List the secrets for the `default` service account:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl get sa default -o yaml
+  SECRET=$(kubectl get sa default -o json | jq -r .secrets[0].name)
+  ```
 
 ]
 
@@ -502,7 +540,7 @@ It's important to note a couple of details in these flags ...
 
 - But that we can't create things:
   ```
-  ./kubectl run tryme --image=nginx
+  ./kubectl create deployment testrbac --image=nginx
   ```
 
 - Exit the container with `exit` or `^D`
@@ -531,3 +569,45 @@ It's important to note a couple of details in these flags ...
   kubectl auth can-i list nodes \
           --as system:serviceaccount:<namespace>:<name-of-service-account>
   ```
+
+---
+
+class: extra-details
+
+## Where do our permissions come from?
+
+- When interacting with the Kubernetes API, we are using a client certificate
+
+- We saw previously that this client certificate contained:
+
+  `CN=kubernetes-admin` and `O=system:masters`
+
+- Let's look for these in existing ClusterRoleBindings:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl get clusterrolebindings -o yaml | 
+    grep -e kubernetes-admin -e system:masters
+  ```
+
+  (`system:masters` should show up, but not `kubernetes-admin`.)
+
+- Where does this match come from?
+
+---
+
+class: extra-details
+
+## The `system:masters` group
+
+- If we eyeball the output of `kubectl get clusterrolebindings -o yaml`, we'll find out!
+
+- It is in the `cluster-admin` binding:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl describe clusterrolebinding cluster-admin
+  ```
+
+- This binding associates `system:masters` to the cluster role `cluster-admin`
+
+- And the `cluster-admin` is, basically, `root`:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl describe clusterrole cluster-admin
+  ```

slides/k8s/configuration.md

@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ We'll cover them just after!*
 
 - We will provide a simple HAproxy configuration, `k8s/haproxy.cfg`
 
-- It listens on port 80, and load balances connections between Google and Bing
+- It listens on port 80, and load balances connections between IBM and Google
 
 ---
 
@@ -407,20 +407,22 @@ spec:
 
   - half of the connections to Google
 
-  - the other half to Bing
+  - the other half to IBM
 
 .exercise[
 
 - Access the load balancer a few times:
   ```bash
-  curl -I $IP
-  curl -I $IP
-  curl -I $IP
+  curl $IP
+  curl $IP
+  curl $IP
   ```
 
 ]
 
-We should see connections served by Google (look for the `Location` header) and others served by Bing (indicated by the `X-MSEdge-Ref` header).
+We should see connections served by Google, and others served by IBM.
+<br/>
+(Each server sends us a redirect page. Look at the URL that they send us to!)
 
 ---
 

slides/k8s/daemonset.md

@@ -36,7 +36,9 @@
 
 ## Creating a daemon set
 
-- Unfortunately, as of Kubernetes 1.10, the CLI cannot create daemon sets
+<!-- ##VERSION## -->
+
+- Unfortunately, as of Kubernetes 1.13, the CLI cannot create daemon sets
 
 --
 
@@ -252,38 +254,29 @@ The master node has [taints](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/t
 
 ---
 
-## What are all these pods doing?
+## Is this working?
 
-- Let's check the logs of all these `rng` pods
-
-- All these pods have a `run=rng` label:
-
-  - the first pod, because that's what `kubectl run` does
-  - the other ones (in the daemon set), because we
-    *copied the spec from the first one*
-
-- Therefore, we can query everybody's logs using that `run=rng` selector
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Check the logs of all the pods having a label `run=rng`:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl logs -l run=rng --tail 1
-  ```
-
-]
+- Look at the web UI
 
 --
 
-It appears that *all the pods* are serving requests at the moment.
+- The graph should now go above 10 hashes per second!
+
+--
+
+- It looks like the newly created pods are serving traffic correctly
+
+- How and why did this happen?
+
+  (We didn't do anything special to add them to the `rng` service load balancer!)
 
 ---
 
-## The magic of selectors
+# Labels and selectors
 
 - The `rng` *service* is load balancing requests to a set of pods
 
-- This set of pods is defined as "pods having the label `run=rng`"
+- That set of pods is defined by the *selector* of the `rng` service
 
 .exercise[
 
@@ -294,110 +287,333 @@ It appears that *all the pods* are serving requests at the moment.
 
 ]
 
-When we created additional pods with this label, they were
-automatically detected by `svc/rng` and added as *endpoints*
-to the associated load balancer.
+- The selector is `app=rng`
+
+- It means "all the pods having the label `app=rng`"
+
+  (They can have additional labels as well, that's OK!)
 
 ---
 
-## Removing the first pod from the load balancer
+## Selector evaluation
+
+- We can use selectors with many `kubectl` commands
+
+- For instance, with `kubectl get`, `kubectl logs`, `kubectl delete` ... and more
+
+.exercise[
+
+- Get the list of pods matching selector `app=rng`:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl get pods -l app=rng
+  kubectl get pods --selector app=rng
+  ```
+
+]
+
+But ... why do these pods (in particular, the *new* ones) have this `app=rng` label?
+
+---
+
+## Where do labels come from?
+
+- When we create a deployment with `kubectl create deployment rng`,
+  <br/>this deployment gets the label `app=rng`
+
+- The replica sets created by this deployment also get the label `app=rng`
+
+- The pods created by these replica sets also get the label `app=rng`
+
+- When we created the daemon set from the deployment, we re-used the same spec
+
+- Therefore, the pods created by the daemon set get the same labels
+
+.footnote[Note: when we use `kubectl run stuff`, the label is `run=stuff` instead.]
+
+---
+
+## Updating load balancer configuration
+
+- We would like to remove a pod from the load balancer
 
 - What would happen if we removed that pod, with `kubectl delete pod ...`?
 
 --
 
-  The `replicaset` would re-create it immediately.
+  It would be re-created immediately (by the replica set or the daemon set)
 
 --
 
-- What would happen if we removed the `run=rng` label from that pod?
+- What would happen if we removed the `app=rng` label from that pod?
 
 --
 
-  The `replicaset` would re-create it immediately.
+  It would *also* be re-created immediately
 
 --
 
-  ... Because what matters to the `replicaset` is the number of pods *matching that selector.*
-
---
-
-- But but but ... Don't we have more than one pod with `run=rng` now?
-
---
-
-  The answer lies in the exact selector used by the `replicaset` ...
+  Why?!?
 
 ---
 
-## Deep dive into selectors
+## Selectors for replica sets and daemon sets
 
-- Let's look at the selectors for the `rng` *deployment* and the associated *replica set*
+- The "mission" of a replica set is:
+
+  "Make sure that there is the right number of pods matching this spec!"
+
+- The "mission" of a daemon set is:
+
+  "Make sure that there is a pod matching this spec on each node!"
+
+--
+
+- *In fact,* replica sets and daemon sets do not check pod specifications
+
+- They merely have a *selector*, and they look for pods matching that selector
+
+- Yes, we can fool them by manually creating pods with the "right" labels
+
+- Bottom line: if we remove our `app=rng` label ...
+
+ ... The pod "diseappears" for its parent, which re-creates another pod to replace it
+
+---
+
+class: extra-details
+
+## Isolation of replica sets and daemon sets
+
+- Since both the `rng` daemon set and the `rng` replica set use `app=rng` ...
+
+  ... Why don't they "find" each other's pods?
+
+--
+
+- *Replica sets* have a more specific selector, visible with `kubectl describe`
+
+  (It looks like `app=rng,pod-template-hash=abcd1234`)
+
+- *Daemon sets* also have a more specific selector, but it's invisible
+
+  (It looks like `app=rng,controller-revision-hash=abcd1234`)
+
+- As a result, each controller only "sees" the pods it manages
+
+---
+
+## Removing a pod from the load balancer
+
+- Currently, the `rng` service is defined by the `app=rng` selector
+
+- The only way to remove a pod is to remove or change the `app` label
+
+- ... But that will cause another pod to be created instead!
+
+- What's the solution?
+
+--
+
+- We need to change the selector of the `rng` service!
+
+- Let's add another label to that selector (e.g. `enabled=yes`) 
+
+---
+
+## Complex selectors
+
+- If a selector specifies multiple labels, they are understood as a logical *AND*
+
+  (In other words: the pods must match all the labels)
+
+- Kubernetes has support for advanced, set-based selectors
+
+  (But these cannot be used with services, at least not yet!)
+
+---
+
+## The plan
+
+1. Add the label `enabled=yes` to all our `rng` pods
+
+2. Update the selector for the `rng` service to also include `enabled=yes`
+
+3. Toggle traffic to a pod by manually adding/removing the `enabled` label
+
+4. Profit!
+
+*Note: if we swap steps 1 and 2, it will cause a short
+service disruption, because there will be a period of time
+during which the service selector won't match any pod.
+During that time, requests to the service will time out.
+By doing things in the order above, we guarantee that there won't
+be any interruption.*
+
+---
+
+## Adding labels to pods
+
+- We want to add the label `enabled=yes` to all pods that have `app=rng`
+
+- We could edit each pod one by one with `kubectl edit` ...
+
+- ... Or we could use `kubectl label` to label them all
+
+- `kubectl label` can use selectors itself
 
 .exercise[
 
-- Show detailed information about the `rng` deployment:
+- Add `enabled=yes` to all pods that have `app=rng`:
   ```bash
-  kubectl describe deploy rng
+  kubectl label pods -l app=rng enabled=yes
   ```
 
-- Show detailed information about the `rng` replica:
-  <br/>(The second command doesn't require you to get the exact name of the replica set)
+]
+
+---
+
+## Updating the service selector
+
+- We need to edit the service specification
+
+- Reminder: in the service definition, we will see `app: rng` in two places
+
+  - the label of the service itself (we don't need to touch that one)
+
+  - the selector of the service (that's the one we want to change)
+
+.exercise[
+
+- Update the service to add `enabled: yes` to its selector:
   ```bash
-  kubectl describe rs rng-yyyy
-  kubectl describe rs -l run=rng
+  kubectl edit service rng
   ```
 
+<!--
+```wait Please edit the object below```
+```keys /app: rng```
+```keys ^J```
+```keys noenabled: yes```
+```keys ^[``` ]
+```keys :wq```
+```keys ^J```
+-->
+
 ]
 
 --
 
-The replica set selector also has a `pod-template-hash`, unlike the pods in our daemon set.
+... And then we get *the weirdest error ever.* Why?
 
 ---
 
-# Updating a service through labels and selectors
+## When the YAML parser is being too smart
 
-- What if we want to drop the `rng` deployment from the load balancer?
+- YAML parsers try to help us:
 
-- Option 1: 
+  - `xyz` is the string `"xyz"`
 
-  - destroy it
+  - `42` is the integer `42`
 
-- Option 2: 
+  - `yes` is the boolean value `true`
 
-  - add an extra *label* to the daemon set
+- If we want the string `"42"` or the string `"yes"`, we have to quote them
 
-  - update the service *selector* to refer to that *label*
+- So we have to use `enabled: "yes"`
 
---
-
-Of course, option 2 offers more learning opportunities. Right?
+.footnote[For a good laugh: if we had used "ja", "oui", "si" ... as the value, it would have worked!]
 
 ---
 
-## Add an extra label to the daemon set
+## Updating the service selector, take 2
 
-- We will update the daemon set "spec"
+.exercise[
 
-- Option 1:
+- Update the service to add `enabled: "yes"` to its selector:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl edit service rng
+  ```
 
-  - edit the `rng.yml` file that we used earlier
+<!--
+```wait Please edit the object below```
+```keys /app: rng```
+```keys ^J```
+```keys noenabled: "yes"```
+```keys ^[``` ]
+```keys :wq```
+```keys ^J```
+-->
 
-  - load the new definition with `kubectl apply`
+]
 
-- Option 2: 
+This time it should work!
 
-  - use `kubectl edit`
-
---
-
-*If you feel like you got this💕🌈, feel free to try directly.*
-
-*We've included a few hints on the next slides for your convenience!*
+If we did everything correctly, the web UI shouldn't show any change.
 
 ---
 
+## Updating labels
+
+- We want to disable the pod that was created by the deployment
+
+- All we have to do, is remove the `enabled` label from that pod
+
+- To identify that pod, we can use its name
+
+- ... Or rely on the fact that it's the only one with a `pod-template-hash` label
+
+- Good to know:
+
+  - `kubectl label ... foo=` doesn't remove a label (it sets it to an empty string)
+
+  - to remove label `foo`, use `kubectl label ... foo-`
+
+  - to change an existing label, we would need to add `--overwrite`
+
+---
+
+## Removing a pod from the load balancer
+
+.exercise[
+
+- In one window, check the logs of that pod:
+  ```bash
+  POD=$(kubectl get pod -l app=rng,pod-template-hash -o name)
+  kubectl logs --tail 1 --follow $POD
+
+  ```
+  (We should see a steady stream of HTTP logs)
+
+- In another window, remove the label from the pod:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl label pod -l app=rng,pod-template-hash enabled-
+  ```
+  (The stream of HTTP logs should stop immediately)
+
+]
+
+There might be a slight change in the web UI (since we removed a bit
+of capacity from the `rng` service). If we remove more pods,
+the effect should be more visible.
+
+---
+
+class: extra-details
+
+## Updating the daemon set
+
+- If we scale up our cluster by adding new nodes, the daemon set will create more pods
+
+- These pods won't have the `enabled=yes` label
+
+- If we want these pods to have that label, we need to edit the daemon set spec
+
+- We can do that with e.g. `kubectl edit daemonset rng`
+
+---
+
+class: extra-details
+
 ## We've put resources in your resources
 
 - Reminder: a daemon set is a resource that creates more resources!
@@ -410,7 +626,9 @@ Of course, option 2 offers more learning opportunities. Right?
 
   - the label(s) of the resource(s) created by the first resource (in the `template` block)
 
-- You need to update the selector and the template (metadata labels are not mandatory)
+- We would need to update the selector and the template
+
+  (metadata labels are not mandatory)
 
 - The template must match the selector
 
@@ -418,175 +636,6 @@ Of course, option 2 offers more learning opportunities. Right?
 
 ---
 
-## Adding our label
-
-- Let's add a label `isactive: yes`
-
-- In YAML, `yes` should be quoted; i.e. `isactive: "yes"`
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Update the daemon set to add `isactive: "yes"` to the selector and template label:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl edit daemonset rng
-  ```
-
-<!--
-```wait Please edit the object below```
-```keys /run: rng```
-```keys ^J```
-```keys noisactive: "yes"```
-```keys ^[``` ]
-```keys /run: rng```
-```keys ^J```
-```keys oisactive: "yes"```
-```keys ^[``` ]
-```keys :wq```
-```keys ^J```
--->
-
-- Update the service to add `isactive: "yes"` to its selector:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl edit service rng
-  ```
-
-<!--
-```wait Please edit the object below```
-```keys /run: rng```
-```keys ^J```
-```keys noisactive: "yes"```
-```keys ^[``` ]
-```keys :wq```
-```keys ^J```
--->
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Checking what we've done
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Check the most recent log line of all `run=rng` pods to confirm that exactly one per node is now active:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl logs -l run=rng --tail 1
-  ```
-
-]
-
-The timestamps should give us a hint about how many pods are currently receiving traffic.
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Look at the pods that we have right now:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get pods
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Cleaning up
-
-- The pods of the deployment and the "old" daemon set are still running
-
-- We are going to identify them programmatically
-
-.exercise[
-
-- List the pods with `run=rng` but without `isactive=yes`:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get pods -l run=rng,isactive!=yes
-  ```
-
-- Remove these pods:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl delete pods -l run=rng,isactive!=yes
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Cleaning up stale pods
-
-```
-$ kubectl get pods
-NAME                        READY     STATUS        RESTARTS   AGE
-rng-54f57d4d49-7pt82        1/1       Terminating   0          51m
-rng-54f57d4d49-vgz9h        1/1       Running       0          22s
-rng-b85tm                   1/1       Terminating   0          39m
-rng-hfbrr                   1/1       Terminating   0          39m
-rng-vplmj                   1/1       Running       0          7m
-rng-xbpvg                   1/1       Running       0          7m
-[...]
-```
-
-- The extra pods (noted `Terminating` above) are going away
-
-- ... But a new one (`rng-54f57d4d49-vgz9h` above) was restarted immediately!
-
---
-
-- Remember, the *deployment* still exists, and makes sure that one pod is up and running
-
-- If we delete the pod associated to the deployment, it is recreated automatically
-
----
-
-## Deleting a deployment
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Remove the `rng` deployment:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl delete deployment rng
-  ```
-]
-
---
-
-- The pod that was created by the deployment is now being terminated:
-
-```
-$ kubectl get pods
-NAME                        READY     STATUS        RESTARTS   AGE
-rng-54f57d4d49-vgz9h        1/1       Terminating   0          4m
-rng-vplmj                   1/1       Running       0          11m
-rng-xbpvg                   1/1       Running       0          11m
-[...]
-```
-
-Ding, dong, the deployment is dead! And the daemon set lives on.
-
----
-
-## Avoiding extra pods
-
-- When we changed the definition of the daemon set, it immediately created new pods. We had to remove the old ones manually.
-
-- How could we have avoided this?
-
---
-
-- By adding the `isactive: "yes"` label to the pods before changing the daemon set!
-
-- This can be done programmatically with `kubectl patch`:
-
-  ```bash
-    PATCH='
-    metadata:
-      labels:
-        isactive: "yes"
-    '
-    kubectl get pods -l run=rng -l controller-revision-hash -o name |
-      xargs kubectl patch -p "$PATCH" 
-  ```
-
----
-
 ## Labels and debugging
 
 - When a pod is misbehaving, we can delete it: another one will be recreated

slides/k8s/dashboard.md

@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ The dashboard will then ask you which authentication you want to use.
   kubectl -n kube-system edit service kubernetes-dashboard
   ```
 
-- Change `ClusterIP` to `NodePort`, save, and exit
+- Change type `type:` from `ClusterIP` to `NodePort`, save, and exit
 
 <!--
 ```wait Please edit the object below```

slides/k8s/gitworkflows.md

@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@
 
 - Display that key:
   ```
-  kubectl get logs deployment flux | grep identity
+  kubectl logs deployment flux | grep identity
   ```
 
 - Then add that key to the repository, giving it **write** access

slides/k8s/helm.md

@@ -164,6 +164,21 @@ The chart's metadata includes an URL to the project's home page.
 
 ---
 
+## Viewing installed charts
+
+- Helm keeps track of what we've installed
+
+.exercise[
+
+- List installed Helm charts:
+  ```bash
+  helm list
+  ```
+
+]
+
+---
+
 ## Creating a chart
 
 - We are going to show a way to create a *very simplified* chart

slides/k8s/ingress.md

@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ This is normal: we haven't provided any ingress rule yet.
 
 - To make our lives easier, we will use [nip.io](http://nip.io)
 
-- Check out `http://cheddar.A.B.C.D.mip.io`
+- Check out `http://cheddar.A.B.C.D.nip.io`
 
   (replacing A.B.C.D with the IP address of `node1`)
 
@@ -392,9 +392,9 @@ This is normal: we haven't provided any ingress rule yet.
 
 - Run all three deployments:
   ```bash
-  kubectl run cheddar --image=errm/cheese:cheddar
-  kubectl run stilton --image=errm/cheese:stilton
-  kubectl run wensleydale --image=errm/cheese:wensleydale
+  kubectl create deployment cheddar --image=errm/cheese:cheddar
+  kubectl create deployment stilton --image=errm/cheese:stilton
+  kubectl create deployment wensleydale --image=errm/cheese:wensleydale
   ```
 
 - Create a service for each of them:

slides/k8s/kubectlexpose.md

@@ -43,45 +43,63 @@ Under the hood: `kube-proxy` is using a userland proxy and a bunch of `iptables`
   - an external load balancer is allocated for the service
   - the load balancer is configured accordingly
     <br/>(e.g.: a `NodePort` service is created, and the load balancer sends traffic to that port)
+  - available only when the underlying infrastructure provides some "load balancer as a service"
+    <br/>(e.g. AWS, Azure, GCE, OpenStack...)
 
 - `ExternalName`
 
   - the DNS entry managed by CoreDNS will just be a `CNAME` to a provided record
   - no port, no IP address, no nothing else is allocated
 
-The `LoadBalancer` type is currently only available on AWS, Azure, and GCE.
-
 ---
 
 ## Running containers with open ports
 
 - Since `ping` doesn't have anything to connect to, we'll have to run something else
 
+- We could use the `nginx` official image, but ...
+
+  ... we wouldn't be able to tell the backends from each other!
+
+- We are going to use `jpetazzo/httpenv`, a tiny HTTP server written in Go
+
+- `jpetazzo/httpenv` listens on port 8888
+
+- It serves its environment variables in JSON format
+
+- The environment variables will include `HOSTNAME`, which will be the pod name
+
+  (and therefore, will be different on each backend)
+
+---
+
+## Creating a deployment for our HTTP server
+
+- We *could* do `kubectl run httpenv --image=jpetazzo/httpenv` ...
+
+- But since `kubectl run` is being deprecated, let's see how to use `kubectl create` instead
+
 .exercise[
 
-- Start a bunch of HTTP servers:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl run httpenv --image=jpetazzo/httpenv --replicas=10
-  ```
-
-- Watch them being started:
+- In another window, watch the pods (to see when they will be created):
   ```bash
   kubectl get pods -w
   ```
 
-<!--
-```wait httpenv-```
-```keys ^C```
--->
+<!-- ```keys ^C``` -->
+
+- Create a deployment for this very lightweight HTTP server:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl create deployment httpenv --image=jpetazzo/httpenv
+  ```
+
+- Scale it to 10 replicas:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl scale deployment httpenv --replicas=10
+  ```
 
 ]
 
-The `jpetazzo/httpenv` image runs an HTTP server on port 8888.
-<br/>
-It serves its environment variables in JSON format.
-
-The `-w` option "watches" events happening on the specified resources.
-
 ---
 
 ## Exposing our deployment
@@ -92,12 +110,12 @@ The `-w` option "watches" events happening on the specified resources.
 
 - Expose the HTTP port of our server:
   ```bash
-  kubectl expose deploy/httpenv --port 8888
+  kubectl expose deployment httpenv --port 8888
   ```
 
 - Look up which IP address was allocated:
   ```bash
-  kubectl get svc
+  kubectl get service
   ```
 
 ]
@@ -151,7 +169,7 @@ The `-w` option "watches" events happening on the specified resources.
 
 --
 
-Our requests are load balanced across multiple pods.
+Try it a few times! Our requests are load balanced across multiple pods.
 
 ---
 
@@ -237,7 +255,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
 - These IP addresses should match the addresses of the corresponding pods:
   ```bash
-  kubectl get pods -l run=httpenv -o wide
+  kubectl get pods -l app=httpenv -o wide
   ```
 
 ---

slides/k8s/kubectlrun.md

@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@
 
 --
 
-OK, what just happened?
+(Starting with Kubernetes 1.12, we get a message telling us that
+`kubectl run` is deprecated. Let's ignore it for now.)
 
 ---
 
@@ -172,6 +173,11 @@ pod/pingpong-7c8bbcd9bc-6c9qz   1/1       Running   0          10m
   kubectl scale deploy/pingpong --replicas 8
   ```
 
+- Note that this command does exactly the same thing:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl scale deployment pingpong --replicas 8
+  ```
+
 ]
 
 Note: what if we tried to scale `replicaset.apps/pingpong-xxxxxxxxxx`?
@@ -228,6 +234,44 @@ We could! But the *deployment* would notice it right away, and scale back to the
 
 ---
 
+## What about that deprecation warning?
+
+- As we can see from the previous slide, `kubectl run` can do many things
+
+- The exact type of resource created is not obvious
+
+- To make things more explicit, it is better to use `kubectl create`:
+
+  - `kubectl create deployment` to create a deployment
+
+  - `kubectl create job` to create a job
+
+- Eventually, `kubectl run` will be used only to start one-shot pods
+
+  (see https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/68132)
+
+---
+
+## Various ways of creating resources
+
+- `kubectl run` 
+
+  - easy way to get started
+  - versatile
+
+- `kubectl create <resource>` 
+
+  - explicit, but lacks some features
+  - can't create a CronJob
+  - can't pass command-line arguments to deployments
+
+- `kubectl create -f foo.yaml` or `kubectl apply -f foo.yaml`
+
+  - all features are available
+  - requires writing YAML
+
+---
+
 ## Viewing logs of multiple pods
 
 - When we specify a deployment name, only one single pod's logs are shown
@@ -248,6 +292,26 @@ We could! But the *deployment* would notice it right away, and scale back to the
 ]
 
 Unfortunately, `--follow` cannot (yet) be used to stream the logs from multiple containers.
+<br/>
+(But this will change in the future; see [PR #67573](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/pull/67573).)
+
+---
+
+class: extra-details
+
+## `kubectl logs -l ... --tail N`
+
+- If we run this with Kubernetes 1.12, the last command shows multiple lines
+
+- This is a regression when `--tail` is used together with `-l`/`--selector`
+
+- It always shows the last 10 lines of output for each container
+
+  (instead of the number of lines specified on the command line)
+
+- The problem was fixed in Kubernetes 1.13
+
+*See [#70554](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/70554) for details.*
 
 ---
 

slides/k8s/links-bridget.md

@@ -1,15 +1,13 @@
 # Links and resources
 
-- [Kubernetes Community](https://kubernetes.io/community/) - Slack, Google Groups, meetups
-
-- [Kubernetes on StackOverflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/kubernetes)
-
-- [Play With Kubernetes Hands-On Labs](https://medium.com/@marcosnils/introducing-pwk-play-with-k8s-159fcfeb787b)
+- [Microsoft Learn](https://docs.microsoft.com/learn/)
 
 - [Azure Kubernetes Service](https://docs.microsoft.com/azure/aks/)
 
 - [Cloud Developer Advocates](https://developer.microsoft.com/advocates/)
 
+- [Kubernetes Community](https://kubernetes.io/community/) - Slack, Google Groups, meetups
+
 - [Local meetups](https://www.meetup.com/)
 
 - [devopsdays](https://www.devopsdays.org/)

slides/k8s/localkubeconfig.md

@@ -12,13 +12,15 @@
 
 .exercise[
 
+<!-- ##VERSION## -->
+
 - Download the `kubectl` binary from one of these links:
 
-  [Linux](https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.11.2/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl)
+  [Linux](https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.13.4/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl)
   |
-  [macOS](https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.11.2/bin/darwin/amd64/kubectl)
+  [macOS](https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.13.4/bin/darwin/amd64/kubectl)
   |
-  [Windows](https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.11.2/bin/windows/amd64/kubectl.exe)
+  [Windows](https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.13.4/bin/windows/amd64/kubectl.exe)
 
 - On Linux and macOS, make the binary executable with `chmod +x kubectl`
 

slides/k8s/logs-cli.md

@@ -59,13 +59,15 @@ Exactly what we need!
 
 - If it is not installed, the easiest method is to download a [binary release](https://github.com/wercker/stern/releases)
 
-- The following commands will install Stern on a Linux Intel 64 bits machine:
+- The following commands will install Stern on a Linux Intel 64 bit machine:
   ```bash
   sudo curl -L -o /usr/local/bin/stern \
-       https://github.com/wercker/stern/releases/download/1.8.0/stern_linux_amd64
+       https://github.com/wercker/stern/releases/download/1.10.0/stern_linux_amd64
   sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/stern
   ```
 
+<!-- ##VERSION## -->
+
 ---
 
 ## Using Stern
@@ -130,11 +132,13 @@ Exactly what we need!
 
 - We can use that property to view the logs of all the pods created with `kubectl run`
 
+- Similarly, everything created with `kubectl create deployment` has a label `app`
+
 .exercise[
 
-- View the logs for all the things started with `kubectl run`:
+- View the logs for all the things started with `kubectl create deployment`:
   ```bash
-  stern -l run
+  stern -l app
   ```
 
 <!--

slides/k8s/namespaces.md

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
   kubectl -n blue get svc
   ```
 
-- We can also use *contexts*
+- We can also change our current *context*
 
 - A context is a *(user, cluster, namespace)* tuple
 
@@ -76,9 +76,9 @@
 
 ---
 
-## Creating a context
+## Viewing existing contexts
 
-- We are going to create a context for the `blue` namespace
+- On our training environments, at this point, there should be only one context
 
 .exercise[
 
@@ -87,29 +87,79 @@
   kubectl config get-contexts
   ```
 
-- Create a new context:
+]
+
+- The current context (the only one!) is tagged with a `*`
+
+- What are NAME, CLUSTER, AUTHINFO, and NAMESPACE?
+
+---
+
+## What's in a context
+
+- NAME is an arbitrary string to identify the context
+
+- CLUSTER is a reference to a cluster
+
+  (i.e. API endpoint URL, and optional certificate)
+
+- AUTHINFO is a reference to the authentication information to use
+
+  (i.e. a TLS client certificate, token, or otherwise)
+
+- NAMESPACE is the namespace
+
+  (empty string = `default`)
+
+---
+
+## Switching contexts
+
+- We want to use a different namespace
+
+- Solution 1: update the current context
+
+  *This is appropriate if we need to change just one thing (e.g. namespace or authentication).*
+
+- Solution 2: create a new context and switch to it
+
+  *This is appropriate if we need to change multiple things and switch back and forth.*
+
+- Let's go with solution 1!
+
+---
+
+## Updating a context
+
+- This is done through `kubectl config set-context`
+
+- We can update a context by passing its name, or the current context with `--current`
+
+.exercise[
+
+- Update the current context to use the `blue` namespace:
   ```bash
-  kubectl config set-context blue --namespace=blue \
-      --cluster=kubernetes --user=kubernetes-admin
+  kubectl config set-context --current --namespace=blue
+  ```
+
+- Check the result:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl config get-contexts
   ```
 
 ]
 
-We have created a context; but this is just some configuration values.
-
-The namespace doesn't exist yet.
-
 ---
 
-## Using a context
+## Using our new namespace
 
-- Let's switch to our new context and deploy the DockerCoins chart
+- Let's check that we are in our new namespace, then deploy the DockerCoins chart
 
 .exercise[
 
-- Use the `blue` context:
+- Verify that the new context is empty:
   ```bash
-  kubectl config use-context blue
+  kubectl get all
   ```
 
 - Deploy DockerCoins:
@@ -139,7 +189,46 @@ we created our Helm chart before.
 
 ]
 
-Note: it might take a minute or two for the app to be up and running.
+If the graph shows up but stays at zero, check the next slide!
+
+---
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+If did the exercices from the chapter about labels and selectors,
+the app that you just created may not work, because the `rng` service
+selector has `enabled=yes` but the pods created by the `rng` daemon set
+do not have that label.
+
+How can we troubleshoot that?
+
+- Query individual services manually
+
+  → the `rng` service will time out
+
+- Inspect the services with `kubectl describe service`
+  
+  → the `rng` service will have an empty list of backends
+
+---
+
+## Fixing the broken service
+
+The easiest option is to add the `enabled=yes` label to the relevant pods.
+
+.exercise[
+
+- Add the `enabled` label to the pods of the `rng` daemon set:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl label pods -l app=rng enabled=yes
+  ```
+
+]
+
+The *best* option is to change either the service definition, or the
+daemon set definition, so that their respective selectors match correctly.
+
+*This is left as an exercise for the reader!*
 
 ---
 
@@ -175,48 +264,66 @@ Note: it might take a minute or two for the app to be up and running.
 
 ---
 
-## Network policies overview
-
-- We can create as many network policies as we want
-
-- Each network policy has:
-
-  - a *pod selector*: "which pods are targeted by the policy?"
-
-  - lists of ingress and/or egress rules: "which peers and ports are allowed or blocked?"
-
-- If a pod is not targeted by any policy, traffic is allowed by default
-
-- If a pod is targeted by at least one policy, traffic must be allowed explicitly
-
----
-
-## More about network policies
-
-- This remains a high level overview of network policies
-
-- For more details, check:
-
-  - the [Kubernetes documentation about network policies](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/network-policies/)
-
-  - this [talk about network policies at KubeCon 2017 US](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3gGpMmYeEO8) by [@ahmetb](https://twitter.com/ahmetb)
-
----
-
 ## Switch back to the default namespace
 
 - Let's make sure that we don't run future exercises in the `blue` namespace
 
 .exercise[
 
-- View the names of the contexts:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl config get-contexts
-  ```
-
 - Switch back to the original context:
   ```bash
-  kubectl config use-context kubernetes-admin@kubernetes
+  kubectl config set-context --current --namespace=
   ```
 
 ]
+
+Note: we could have used `--namespace=default` for the same result.
+
+---
+
+## Switching namespaces more easily
+
+- We can also use a little helper tool called `kubens`:
+
+  ```bash
+  # Switch to namespace foo
+  kubens foo
+  # Switch back to the previous namespace
+  kubens -
+  ```
+
+- On our clusters, `kubens` is called `kns` instead
+
+  (so that it's even fewer keystrokes to switch namespaces)
+
+---
+
+##  `kubens` and `kubectx`
+
+- With `kubens`, we can switch quickly between namespaces
+
+- With `kubectx`, we can switch quickly between contexts
+
+- Both tools are simple shell scripts available from https://github.com/ahmetb/kubectx
+
+- On our clusters, they are installed as `kns` and `kctx`
+
+  (for brevity and to avoid completion clashes between `kubectx` and `kubectl`)
+
+---
+
+## `kube-ps1`
+
+- It's easy to lose track of our current cluster / context / namespace
+
+- `kube-ps1` makes it easy to track these, by showing them in our shell prompt
+
+- It's a simple shell script available from https://github.com/jonmosco/kube-ps1
+
+- On our clusters, `kube-ps1` is installed and included in `PS1`:
+  ```
+  [123.45.67.89] `(kubernetes-admin@kubernetes:default)` docker@node1 ~
+  ```
+  (The highlighted part is `context:namespace`, managed by `kube-ps1`)
+
+- Highly recommended if you work across multiple contexts or namespaces!

slides/k8s/netpol.md

@@ -117,13 +117,13 @@ This is our game plan:
 
 - Let's use the `nginx` image:
   ```bash
-  kubectl run testweb --image=nginx
+  kubectl create deployment testweb --image=nginx
   ```
 
 - Find out the IP address of the pod with one of these two commands:
   ```bash
-  kubectl get pods -o wide -l run=testweb
-  IP=$(kubectl get pods -l run=testweb -o json | jq -r .items[0].status.podIP)
+  kubectl get pods -o wide -l app=testweb
+  IP=$(kubectl get pods -l app=testweb -o json | jq -r .items[0].status.podIP)
   ```
 
 - Check that we can connect to the server:
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ The `curl` command should show us the "Welcome to nginx!" page.
 
 ## Adding a very restrictive network policy
 
-- The policy will select pods with the label `run=testweb`
+- The policy will select pods with the label `app=testweb`
 
 - It will specify an empty list of ingress rules (matching nothing)
 
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ metadata:
 spec:
   podSelector:
     matchLabels:
-      run: testweb
+      app: testweb
   ingress: []
 ```
 
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ metadata:
 spec:
   podSelector:
     matchLabels:
-      run: testweb
+      app: testweb
   ingress:
   - from:
     - podSelector:
@@ -247,9 +247,9 @@ The second command will fail and time out after 3 seconds.
 
 - Some network plugins only have partial support for network policies
 
-- For instance, Weave [doesn't support ipBlock (yet)](https://github.com/weaveworks/weave/issues/3168)
+- For instance, Weave added support for egress rules [in version 2.4](https://github.com/weaveworks/weave/pull/3313) (released in July 2018)
 
-- Weave added support for egress rules [in version 2.4](https://github.com/weaveworks/weave/pull/3313) (released in July 2018)
+- But only recently added support for ipBlock [in version 2.5](https://github.com/weaveworks/weave/pull/3367) (released in Nov 2018)
 
 - Unsupported features might be silently ignored
 
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ spec:
 
 ## Allowing traffic to `webui` pods
 
-This policy selects all pods with label `run=webui`.
+This policy selects all pods with label `app=webui`.
 
 It allows traffic from any source.
 
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ metadata:
 spec:
   podSelector:
     matchLabels:
-      run: webui
+      app: webui
   ingress:
   - from: []
 ```
@@ -371,6 +371,23 @@ troubleshoot easily, without having to poke holes in our firewall.
 
 ---
 
+## Cleaning up our network policies
+
+- The network policies that we have installed block all traffic to the default namespace
+
+- We should remove them, otherwise further exercises will fail!
+
+.exercise[
+
+- Remove all network policies:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl delete networkpolicies --all
+  ```
+
+]
+
+---
+
 ## Protecting the control plane
 
 - Should we add network policies to block unauthorized access to the control plane?
@@ -405,11 +422,11 @@ troubleshoot easily, without having to poke holes in our firewall.
 
 - The API documentation has a lot of detail about the format of various objects:
 
-  - [NetworkPolicy](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.11/#networkpolicy-v1-networking-k8s-io)
+  - [NetworkPolicy](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.12/#networkpolicy-v1-networking-k8s-io)
 
-  - [NetworkPolicySpec](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.11/#networkpolicyspec-v1-networking-k8s-io)
+  - [NetworkPolicySpec](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.12/#networkpolicyspec-v1-networking-k8s-io)
 
-  - [NetworkPolicyIngressRule](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.11/#networkpolicyingressrule-v1-networking-k8s-io)
+  - [NetworkPolicyIngressRule](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.12/#networkpolicyingressrule-v1-networking-k8s-io)
 
   - etc.