fix-redirects.sh: adding forced redirect

.gitignore

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 *~
 prepare-vms/tags
 prepare-vms/infra
-prepare-vms/www
 slides/*.yml.html
 slides/autopilot/state.yaml
 slides/index.html

README.md

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ your own tutorials.
 All these materials have been gathered in a single repository
 because they have a few things in common:
 
-- some [shared slides](slides/shared/) that are re-used
+- some [common slides](slides/common/) that are re-used
   (and updated) identically between different decks;
 - a [build system](slides/) generating HTML slides from
   Markdown source files;

k8s/consul.yaml

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ spec:
       terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
       containers:
         - name: consul
-          image: "consul:1.5"
+          image: "consul:1.4.4"
           args:
             - "agent"
             - "-bootstrap-expect=3"

k8s/efk.yaml

@@ -32,16 +32,13 @@ subjects:
   name: fluentd
   namespace: default
 ---
-apiVersion: apps/v1
+apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
 kind: DaemonSet
 metadata:
   name: fluentd
   labels:
     app: fluentd
 spec:
-  selector:
-    matchLabels:
-      app: fluentd
   template:
     metadata:
       labels:
@@ -54,7 +51,7 @@ spec:
         effect: NoSchedule
       containers:
       - name: fluentd
-        image: fluent/fluentd-kubernetes-daemonset:v1.4-debian-elasticsearch-1
+        image: fluent/fluentd-kubernetes-daemonset:v1.3-debian-elasticsearch-1
         env:
           - name:  FLUENT_ELASTICSEARCH_HOST
             value: "elasticsearch"
@@ -89,7 +86,7 @@ spec:
         hostPath:
           path: /var/lib/docker/containers
 ---
-apiVersion: apps/v1
+apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
 kind: Deployment
 metadata:
   labels:
@@ -131,7 +128,7 @@ spec:
     app: elasticsearch
   type: ClusterIP
 ---
-apiVersion: apps/v1
+apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
 kind: Deployment
 metadata:
   labels:

k8s/elasticsearch-cluster.yaml

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-apiVersion: enterprises.upmc.com/v1
-kind: ElasticsearchCluster
-metadata:
-  name: es
-spec:
-  kibana:
-    image: docker.elastic.co/kibana/kibana-oss:6.1.3
-    image-pull-policy: Always
-  cerebro:
-    image: upmcenterprises/cerebro:0.7.2
-    image-pull-policy: Always
-  elastic-search-image: upmcenterprises/docker-elasticsearch-kubernetes:6.1.3_0
-  image-pull-policy: Always
-  client-node-replicas: 2
-  master-node-replicas: 3
-  data-node-replicas: 3
-  network-host: 0.0.0.0
-  use-ssl: false
-  data-volume-size: 10Gi
-  java-options: "-Xms512m -Xmx512m"
-

k8s/elasticsearch-operator.yaml

@@ -1,94 +0,0 @@
-# This is mirrored from https://github.com/upmc-enterprises/elasticsearch-operator/blob/master/example/controller.yaml but using the elasticsearch-operator namespace instead of operator
----
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: Namespace
-metadata:
-  name: elasticsearch-operator
----
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: ServiceAccount
-metadata:
-  name: elasticsearch-operator
-  namespace: elasticsearch-operator
----
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
-kind: ClusterRole
-metadata:
-  name: elasticsearch-operator
-rules:
-- apiGroups: ["extensions"]
-  resources: ["deployments", "replicasets", "daemonsets"]
-  verbs: ["create", "get", "update", "delete", "list"]
-- apiGroups: ["apiextensions.k8s.io"]
-  resources: ["customresourcedefinitions"]
-  verbs: ["create", "get", "update", "delete", "list"]
-- apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
-  resources: ["storageclasses"]
-  verbs: ["get", "list", "create", "delete", "deletecollection"]
-- apiGroups: [""]
-  resources: ["persistentvolumes", "persistentvolumeclaims", "services", "secrets", "configmaps"] 
-  verbs: ["create", "get", "update", "delete", "list"]
-- apiGroups: ["batch"]
-  resources: ["cronjobs", "jobs"]
-  verbs: ["create", "get", "deletecollection", "delete"]
-- apiGroups: [""]
-  resources: ["pods"]
-  verbs: ["list", "get", "watch"]
-- apiGroups: ["apps"]
-  resources: ["statefulsets", "deployments"]
-  verbs: ["*"]
-- apiGroups: ["enterprises.upmc.com"]
-  resources: ["elasticsearchclusters"]
-  verbs: ["*"]
----
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
-kind: ClusterRoleBinding
-metadata:
-  name: elasticsearch-operator
-  namespace: elasticsearch-operator
-roleRef:
-  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
-  kind: ClusterRole
-  name: elasticsearch-operator
-subjects:
-- kind: ServiceAccount
-  name: elasticsearch-operator
-  namespace: elasticsearch-operator
----
-apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
-kind: Deployment
-metadata:
-  name: elasticsearch-operator
-  namespace: elasticsearch-operator
-spec:
-  replicas: 1
-  template:
-    metadata:
-      labels:
-        name: elasticsearch-operator
-    spec:
-      containers:
-      - name: operator
-        image: upmcenterprises/elasticsearch-operator:0.2.0
-        imagePullPolicy: Always
-        env:
-        - name: NAMESPACE
-          valueFrom:
-            fieldRef:
-              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
-        ports:
-        - containerPort: 8000
-          name: http
-        livenessProbe:
-          httpGet:
-            path: /live
-            port: 8000
-          initialDelaySeconds: 10
-          timeoutSeconds: 10
-        readinessProbe:
-          httpGet:
-            path: /ready
-            port: 8000
-          initialDelaySeconds: 10
-          timeoutSeconds: 5
-      serviceAccount: elasticsearch-operator

k8s/filebeat.yaml

@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
----
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: ConfigMap
-metadata:
-  name: filebeat-config
-  namespace: kube-system
-  labels:
-    k8s-app: filebeat
-data:
-  filebeat.yml: |-
-    filebeat.config:
-      inputs:
-        # Mounted `filebeat-inputs` configmap:
-        path: ${path.config}/inputs.d/*.yml
-        # Reload inputs configs as they change:
-        reload.enabled: false
-      modules:
-        path: ${path.config}/modules.d/*.yml
-        # Reload module configs as they change:
-        reload.enabled: false
-
-    # To enable hints based autodiscover, remove `filebeat.config.inputs` configuration and uncomment this:
-    #filebeat.autodiscover:
-    #  providers:
-    #    - type: kubernetes
-    #      hints.enabled: true
-
-    processors:
-      - add_cloud_metadata:
-
-    cloud.id: ${ELASTIC_CLOUD_ID}
-    cloud.auth: ${ELASTIC_CLOUD_AUTH}
-
-    output.elasticsearch:
-      hosts: ['${ELASTICSEARCH_HOST:elasticsearch}:${ELASTICSEARCH_PORT:9200}']
-      username: ${ELASTICSEARCH_USERNAME}
-      password: ${ELASTICSEARCH_PASSWORD}
----
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: ConfigMap
-metadata:
-  name: filebeat-inputs
-  namespace: kube-system
-  labels:
-    k8s-app: filebeat
-data:
-  kubernetes.yml: |-
-    - type: docker
-      containers.ids:
-      - "*"
-      processors:
-        - add_kubernetes_metadata:
-            in_cluster: true
----
-apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
-kind: DaemonSet
-metadata:
-  name: filebeat
-  namespace: kube-system
-  labels:
-    k8s-app: filebeat
-spec:
-  template:
-    metadata:
-      labels:
-        k8s-app: filebeat
-    spec:
-      serviceAccountName: filebeat
-      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
-      containers:
-      - name: filebeat
-        image: docker.elastic.co/beats/filebeat-oss:7.0.1
-        args: [
-          "-c", "/etc/filebeat.yml",
-          "-e",
-        ]
-        env:
-        - name: ELASTICSEARCH_HOST
-          value: elasticsearch-es.default.svc.cluster.local
-        - name: ELASTICSEARCH_PORT
-          value: "9200"
-        - name: ELASTICSEARCH_USERNAME
-          value: elastic
-        - name: ELASTICSEARCH_PASSWORD
-          value: changeme
-        - name: ELASTIC_CLOUD_ID
-          value:
-        - name: ELASTIC_CLOUD_AUTH
-          value:
-        securityContext:
-          runAsUser: 0
-          # If using Red Hat OpenShift uncomment this:
-          #privileged: true
-        resources:
-          limits:
-            memory: 200Mi
-          requests:
-            cpu: 100m
-            memory: 100Mi
-        volumeMounts:
-        - name: config
-          mountPath: /etc/filebeat.yml
-          readOnly: true
-          subPath: filebeat.yml
-        - name: inputs
-          mountPath: /usr/share/filebeat/inputs.d
-          readOnly: true
-        - name: data
-          mountPath: /usr/share/filebeat/data
-        - name: varlibdockercontainers
-          mountPath: /var/lib/docker/containers
-          readOnly: true
-      volumes:
-      - name: config
-        configMap:
-          defaultMode: 0600
-          name: filebeat-config
-      - name: varlibdockercontainers
-        hostPath:
-          path: /var/lib/docker/containers
-      - name: inputs
-        configMap:
-          defaultMode: 0600
-          name: filebeat-inputs
-      # data folder stores a registry of read status for all files, so we don't send everything again on a Filebeat pod restart
-      - name: data
-        hostPath:
-          path: /var/lib/filebeat-data
-          type: DirectoryOrCreate
----
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
-kind: ClusterRoleBinding
-metadata:
-  name: filebeat
-subjects:
-- kind: ServiceAccount
-  name: filebeat
-  namespace: kube-system
-roleRef:
-  kind: ClusterRole
-  name: filebeat
-  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
----
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
-kind: ClusterRole
-metadata:
-  name: filebeat
-  labels:
-    k8s-app: filebeat
-rules:
-- apiGroups: [""] # "" indicates the core API group
-  resources:
-  - namespaces
-  - pods
-  verbs:
-  - get
-  - watch
-  - list
----
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: ServiceAccount
-metadata:
-  name: filebeat
-  namespace: kube-system
-  labels:
-    k8s-app: filebeat
----

k8s/ingress.yaml

@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
-apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
+apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
 kind: Ingress
 metadata:
-  name: kibana
+  name: cheddar
 spec:
   rules:
-  - host: kibana.185.145.251.54.nip.io
+  - host: cheddar.A.B.C.D.nip.io
     http:
       paths:
       - path: /
         backend:
-          serviceName: kibana
-          servicePort: 5601
+          serviceName: cheddar
+          servicePort: 80
+

k8s/insecure-dashboard.yaml

@@ -12,6 +12,11 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+# Configuration to deploy release version of the Dashboard UI compatible with
+# Kubernetes 1.8.
+#
+# Example usage: kubectl create -f <this_file>
+
 # ------------------- Dashboard Secret ------------------- #
 
 apiVersion: v1
@@ -90,7 +95,7 @@ subjects:
 # ------------------- Dashboard Deployment ------------------- #
 
 kind: Deployment
-apiVersion: apps/v1
+apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
 metadata:
   labels:
     k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
@@ -109,13 +114,12 @@ spec:
     spec:
       containers:
       - name: kubernetes-dashboard
-        image: k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
+        image: k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.8.3
         ports:
         - containerPort: 8443
           protocol: TCP
         args:
           - --auto-generate-certificates
-          - --enable-skip-login
           # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
           # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
           # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
@@ -162,7 +166,7 @@ spec:
   selector:
     k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
 ---
-apiVersion: apps/v1
+apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
 kind: Deployment
 metadata:
   labels:

k8s/just-a-pod.yaml

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 apiVersion: v1
-kind: Pod
+Kind: Pod
 metadata:
   name: hello
   namespace: default

k8s/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

@@ -12,6 +12,11 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+# Configuration to deploy release version of the Dashboard UI compatible with
+# Kubernetes 1.8.
+#
+# Example usage: kubectl create -f <this_file>
+
 # ------------------- Dashboard Secret ------------------- #
 
 apiVersion: v1
@@ -90,7 +95,7 @@ subjects:
 # ------------------- Dashboard Deployment ------------------- #
 
 kind: Deployment
-apiVersion: apps/v1
+apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
 metadata:
   labels:
     k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
@@ -109,7 +114,7 @@ spec:
     spec:
       containers:
       - name: kubernetes-dashboard
-        image: k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
+        image: k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.8.3
         ports:
         - containerPort: 8443
           protocol: TCP

k8s/local-path-storage.yaml

@@ -1,110 +0,0 @@
-# This is a local copy of:
-# https://github.com/rancher/local-path-provisioner/blob/master/deploy/local-path-storage.yaml
----
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: Namespace
-metadata:
-  name: local-path-storage
----
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: ServiceAccount
-metadata:
-  name: local-path-provisioner-service-account
-  namespace: local-path-storage
----
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
-kind: ClusterRole
-metadata:
-  name: local-path-provisioner-role
-  namespace: local-path-storage
-rules:
-- apiGroups: [""]
-  resources: ["nodes", "persistentvolumeclaims"]
-  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
-- apiGroups: [""]
-  resources: ["endpoints", "persistentvolumes", "pods"]
-  verbs: ["*"]
-- apiGroups: [""]
-  resources: ["events"]
-  verbs: ["create", "patch"]
-- apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
-  resources: ["storageclasses"]
-  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
----
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
-kind: ClusterRoleBinding
-metadata:
-  name: local-path-provisioner-bind
-  namespace: local-path-storage
-roleRef:
-  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
-  kind: ClusterRole
-  name: local-path-provisioner-role
-subjects:
-- kind: ServiceAccount
-  name: local-path-provisioner-service-account
-  namespace: local-path-storage
----
-apiVersion: apps/v1
-kind: Deployment
-metadata:
-  name: local-path-provisioner
-  namespace: local-path-storage
-spec:
-  replicas: 1
-  selector:
-    matchLabels:
-      app: local-path-provisioner
-  template:
-    metadata:
-      labels:
-        app: local-path-provisioner
-    spec:
-      serviceAccountName: local-path-provisioner-service-account
-      containers:
-      - name: local-path-provisioner
-        image: rancher/local-path-provisioner:v0.0.8
-        imagePullPolicy: Always
-        command:
-        - local-path-provisioner
-        - --debug
-        - start
-        - --config
-        - /etc/config/config.json
-        volumeMounts:
-        - name: config-volume
-          mountPath: /etc/config/
-        env:
-        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
-          valueFrom:
-            fieldRef:
-              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
-      volumes:
-        - name: config-volume
-          configMap:
-            name: local-path-config
----
-apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
-kind: StorageClass
-metadata:
-  name: local-path
-provisioner: rancher.io/local-path
-volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer
-reclaimPolicy: Delete
----
-kind: ConfigMap
-apiVersion: v1
-metadata:
-  name: local-path-config
-  namespace: local-path-storage
-data:
-  config.json: |-
-        {
-                "nodePathMap":[
-                {
-                        "node":"DEFAULT_PATH_FOR_NON_LISTED_NODES",
-                        "paths":["/opt/local-path-provisioner"]
-                }
-                ]
-        }
-

k8s/malicious-pod.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Pod
+metadata:
+  name: malicious
+spec:
+  volumes:
+  - name: slash
+    hostPath:
+      path: /
+  containers:
+  - image: alpine
+    name: alpine
+    securityContext:
+      privileged: true
+    command:
+    - sleep
+    - "1000000000"
+    volumeMounts:
+    - name: slash
+      mountPath: /hostfs
+  restartPolicy: Never

k8s/metrics-server.yaml

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ metadata:
   name: metrics-server
   namespace: kube-system
 ---
-apiVersion: apps/v1
+apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
 kind: Deployment
 metadata:
   name: metrics-server
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ spec:
         emptyDir: {}
       containers:
       - name: metrics-server
-        image: k8s.gcr.io/metrics-server-amd64:v0.3.3
+        image: k8s.gcr.io/metrics-server-amd64:v0.3.1
         imagePullPolicy: Always
         volumeMounts:
         - name: tmp-dir

k8s/persistent-consul.yaml

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ spec:
       terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
       containers:
         - name: consul
-          image: "consul:1.5"
+          image: "consul:1.4.4"
           volumeMounts:
             - name: data
               mountPath: /consul/data

k8s/portworx.yaml

@@ -1,340 +1,4 @@
-# SOURCE: https://install.portworx.com/?kbver=1.15.2&b=true&s=/dev/loop4&c=px-workshop&stork=true&lh=true&st=k8s&mc=false
-# SOURCE: https://install.portworx.com/?kbver=1.15.2&b=true&s=/dev/loop4&c=px-workshop&stork=true&lh=true&st=k8s&mc=false
----
-kind: Service
-apiVersion: v1
-metadata:
-  name: portworx-service
-  namespace: kube-system
-  labels:
-    name: portworx
-spec:
-  selector:
-    name: portworx
-  type: NodePort
-  ports:
-    - name: px-api
-      protocol: TCP
-      port: 9001
-      targetPort: 9001
-    - name: px-kvdb
-      protocol: TCP
-      port: 9019
-      targetPort: 9019
-    - name: px-sdk
-      protocol: TCP
-      port: 9020
-      targetPort: 9020
-    - name: px-rest-gateway
-      protocol: TCP
-      port: 9021
-      targetPort: 9021
----
-apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
-kind: CustomResourceDefinition
-metadata:
-  name: volumeplacementstrategies.portworx.io
-spec:
-  group: portworx.io
-  versions:
-    - name: v1beta2
-      served: true
-      storage: true
-    - name: v1beta1
-      served: false
-      storage: false
-  scope: Cluster
-  names:
-    plural: volumeplacementstrategies
-    singular: volumeplacementstrategy
-    kind: VolumePlacementStrategy
-    shortNames:
-    - vps
-    - vp
----
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: ServiceAccount
-metadata:
-  name: px-account
-  namespace: kube-system
----
-kind: ClusterRole
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
-metadata:
-   name: node-get-put-list-role
-rules:
-- apiGroups: [""]
-  resources: ["secrets"]
-  verbs: ["get", "list"]
-- apiGroups: [""]
-  resources: ["nodes"]
-  verbs: ["watch", "get", "update", "list"]
-- apiGroups: [""]
-  resources: ["pods"]
-  verbs: ["delete", "get", "list", "watch", "update"]
-- apiGroups: [""]
-  resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims", "persistentvolumes"]
-  verbs: ["get", "list"]
-- apiGroups: [""]
-  resources: ["configmaps"]
-  verbs: ["get", "list", "update", "create"]
-- apiGroups: ["extensions"]
-  resources: ["podsecuritypolicies"]
-  resourceNames: ["privileged"]
-  verbs: ["use"]
-- apiGroups: ["portworx.io"]
-  resources: ["volumeplacementstrategies"]
-  verbs: ["get", "list"]
----
-kind: ClusterRoleBinding
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
-metadata:
-  name: node-role-binding
-subjects:
-- kind: ServiceAccount
-  name: px-account
-  namespace: kube-system
-roleRef:
-  kind: ClusterRole
-  name: node-get-put-list-role
-  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
----
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: Namespace
-metadata:
-  name: portworx
----
-kind: Role
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
-metadata:
-  name: px-role
-  namespace: portworx
-rules:
-- apiGroups: [""]
-  resources: ["secrets"]
-  verbs: ["get", "list", "create", "update", "patch"]
----
-kind: RoleBinding
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
-metadata:
-  name: px-role-binding
-  namespace: portworx
-subjects:
-- kind: ServiceAccount
-  name: px-account
-  namespace: kube-system
-roleRef:
-  kind: Role
-  name: px-role
-  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
----
-apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
-kind: DaemonSet
-metadata:
-  name: portworx
-  namespace: kube-system
-  annotations:
-    portworx.com/install-source: "https://install.portworx.com/?kbver=1.15.2&b=true&s=/dev/loop4&c=px-workshop&stork=true&lh=true&st=k8s&mc=false"
-spec:
-  minReadySeconds: 0
-  updateStrategy:
-    type: RollingUpdate
-    rollingUpdate:
-      maxUnavailable: 1
-  template:
-    metadata:
-      labels:
-        name: portworx
-    spec:
-      affinity:
-        nodeAffinity:
-          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
-            nodeSelectorTerms:
-            - matchExpressions:
-              - key: px/enabled
-                operator: NotIn
-                values:
-                - "false"
-              - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
-                operator: DoesNotExist
-      hostNetwork: true
-      hostPID: false
-      initContainers:
-        - name: checkloop
-          image: alpine
-          command: [ "sh", "-c" ]
-          args:
-            - |
-              if ! grep -q loop4 /proc/partitions; then
-                echo 'Could not find "loop4" in /proc/partitions. Please create it first.'
-                exit 1
-              fi
-      containers:
-        - name: portworx
-          image: portworx/oci-monitor:2.1.3
-          imagePullPolicy: Always
-          args:
-            ["-c", "px-workshop", "-s", "/dev/loop4", "-secret_type", "k8s", "-b", 
-             "-x", "kubernetes"]
-          env:
-            - name: "AUTO_NODE_RECOVERY_TIMEOUT_IN_SECS"
-              value: "1500"
-            - name: "PX_TEMPLATE_VERSION"
-              value: "v4"
-            
-          livenessProbe:
-            periodSeconds: 30
-            initialDelaySeconds: 840 # allow image pull in slow networks
-            httpGet:
-              host: 127.0.0.1
-              path: /status
-              port: 9001
-          readinessProbe:
-            periodSeconds: 10
-            httpGet:
-              host: 127.0.0.1
-              path: /health
-              port: 9015
-          terminationMessagePath: "/tmp/px-termination-log"
-          securityContext:
-            privileged: true
-          volumeMounts:
-            - name: diagsdump
-              mountPath: /var/cores
-            - name: dockersock
-              mountPath: /var/run/docker.sock
-            - name: containerdsock
-              mountPath: /run/containerd
-            - name: criosock
-              mountPath: /var/run/crio
-            - name: crioconf
-              mountPath: /etc/crictl.yaml
-            - name: etcpwx
-              mountPath: /etc/pwx
-            - name: optpwx
-              mountPath: /opt/pwx
-            - name: procmount
-              mountPath: /host_proc
-            - name: sysdmount
-              mountPath: /etc/systemd/system
-            - name: journalmount1
-              mountPath: /var/run/log
-              readOnly: true
-            - name: journalmount2
-              mountPath: /var/log
-              readOnly: true
-            - name: dbusmount
-              mountPath: /var/run/dbus
-      restartPolicy: Always
-      serviceAccountName: px-account
-      volumes:
-        - name: diagsdump
-          hostPath:
-            path: /var/cores
-        - name: dockersock
-          hostPath:
-            path: /var/run/docker.sock
-        - name: containerdsock
-          hostPath:
-            path: /run/containerd
-        - name: criosock
-          hostPath:
-            path: /var/run/crio
-        - name: crioconf
-          hostPath:
-            path: /etc/crictl.yaml
-            type: FileOrCreate
-        - name: etcpwx
-          hostPath:
-            path: /etc/pwx
-        - name: optpwx
-          hostPath:
-            path: /opt/pwx
-        - name: procmount
-          hostPath:
-            path: /proc
-        - name: sysdmount
-          hostPath:
-            path: /etc/systemd/system
-        - name: journalmount1
-          hostPath:
-            path: /var/run/log
-        - name: journalmount2
-          hostPath:
-            path: /var/log
-        - name: dbusmount
-          hostPath:
-            path: /var/run/dbus
----
-kind: Service
-apiVersion: v1
-metadata:
-  name: portworx-api
-  namespace: kube-system
-  labels:
-    name: portworx-api
-spec:
-  selector:
-    name: portworx-api
-  type: NodePort
-  ports:
-    - name: px-api
-      protocol: TCP
-      port: 9001
-      targetPort: 9001
-    - name: px-sdk
-      protocol: TCP
-      port: 9020
-      targetPort: 9020
-    - name: px-rest-gateway
-      protocol: TCP
-      port: 9021
-      targetPort: 9021
----
-apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
-kind: DaemonSet
-metadata:
-  name: portworx-api
-  namespace: kube-system
-spec:
-  minReadySeconds: 0
-  updateStrategy:
-    type: RollingUpdate
-    rollingUpdate:
-      maxUnavailable: 100%
-  template:
-    metadata:
-      labels:
-        name: portworx-api
-    spec:
-      affinity:
-        nodeAffinity:
-          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
-            nodeSelectorTerms:
-            - matchExpressions:
-              - key: px/enabled
-                operator: NotIn
-                values:
-                - "false"
-              - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
-                operator: DoesNotExist
-      hostNetwork: true
-      hostPID: false
-      containers:
-        - name: portworx-api
-          image: k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1
-          imagePullPolicy: Always
-          readinessProbe:
-            periodSeconds: 10
-            httpGet:
-              host: 127.0.0.1
-              path: /status
-              port: 9001
-      restartPolicy: Always
-      serviceAccountName: px-account
-
-
----
+# SOURCE: https://install.portworx.com/?kbver=1.11.2&b=true&s=/dev/loop4&c=px-workshop&stork=true&lh=true
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: ConfigMap
 metadata:
@@ -347,7 +11,7 @@ data:
       "apiVersion": "v1",
       "extenders": [
         {
-          "urlPrefix": "http://stork-service.kube-system:8099",
+          "urlPrefix": "http://stork-service.kube-system.svc:8099",
           "apiVersion": "v1beta1",
           "filterVerb": "filter",
           "prioritizeVerb": "prioritize",
@@ -370,8 +34,8 @@ metadata:
    name: stork-role
 rules:
   - apiGroups: [""]
-    resources: ["pods", "pods/exec"]
-    verbs: ["get", "list", "delete", "create", "watch"]
+    resources: ["pods"]
+    verbs: ["get", "list", "delete"]
   - apiGroups: [""]
     resources: ["persistentvolumes"]
     verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "delete"]
@@ -384,14 +48,14 @@ rules:
   - apiGroups: [""]
     resources: ["events"]
     verbs: ["list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch"]
-  - apiGroups: ["stork.libopenstorage.org"]
-    resources: ["*"]
-    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update", "patch", "create", "delete"]
   - apiGroups: ["apiextensions.k8s.io"]
     resources: ["customresourcedefinitions"]
-    verbs: ["create", "get"]
+    verbs: ["create", "list", "watch", "delete"]
   - apiGroups: ["volumesnapshot.external-storage.k8s.io"]
-    resources: ["volumesnapshots", "volumesnapshotdatas"]
+    resources: ["volumesnapshots"]
+    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch", "delete"]
+  - apiGroups: ["volumesnapshot.external-storage.k8s.io"]
+    resources: ["volumesnapshotdatas"]
     verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch", "delete"]
   - apiGroups: [""]
     resources: ["configmaps"]
@@ -408,9 +72,6 @@ rules:
   - apiGroups: ["*"]
     resources: ["statefulsets", "statefulsets/extensions"]
     verbs: ["list", "get", "watch", "patch", "update", "initialize"]
-  - apiGroups: ["*"]
-    resources: ["*"]
-    verbs: ["list", "get"]
 ---
 kind: ClusterRoleBinding
 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
@@ -470,10 +131,7 @@ spec:
         - --leader-elect=true
         - --health-monitor-interval=120
         imagePullPolicy: Always
-        image: openstorage/stork:2.2.4
-        env:
-        - name: "PX_SERVICE_NAME"
-          value: "portworx-api"
+        image: openstorage/stork:1.1.3
         resources:
           requests:
             cpu: '0.1'
@@ -510,13 +168,16 @@ metadata:
 rules:
   - apiGroups: [""]
     resources: ["endpoints"]
-    verbs: ["get", "create", "update"]
+    verbs: ["get", "update"]
   - apiGroups: [""]
     resources: ["configmaps"]
     verbs: ["get"]
   - apiGroups: [""]
     resources: ["events"]
     verbs: ["create", "patch", "update"]
+  - apiGroups: [""]
+    resources: ["endpoints"]
+    verbs: ["create"]
   - apiGroups: [""]
     resourceNames: ["kube-scheduler"]
     resources: ["endpoints"]
@@ -536,7 +197,7 @@ rules:
   - apiGroups: [""]
     resources: ["replicationcontrollers", "services"]
     verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
-  - apiGroups: ["apps", "extensions"]
+  - apiGroups: ["app", "extensions"]
     resources: ["replicasets"]
     verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
   - apiGroups: ["apps"]
@@ -592,7 +253,7 @@ spec:
         - --policy-configmap=stork-config
         - --policy-configmap-namespace=kube-system
         - --lock-object-name=stork-scheduler
-        image: gcr.io/google_containers/kube-scheduler-amd64:v1.15.2
+        image: gcr.io/google_containers/kube-scheduler-amd64:v1.11.2
         livenessProbe:
           httpGet:
             path: /healthz
@@ -619,61 +280,229 @@ spec:
       hostPID: false
       serviceAccountName: stork-scheduler-account
 ---
+kind: Service
+apiVersion: v1
+metadata:
+  name: portworx-service
+  namespace: kube-system
+  labels:
+    name: portworx
+spec:
+  selector:
+    name: portworx
+  ports:
+    - name: px-api
+      protocol: TCP
+      port: 9001
+      targetPort: 9001
+---
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ServiceAccount
+metadata:
+  name: px-account
+  namespace: kube-system
+---
+kind: ClusterRole
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+metadata:
+   name: node-get-put-list-role
+rules:
+- apiGroups: [""]
+  resources: ["nodes"]
+  verbs: ["watch", "get", "update", "list"]
+- apiGroups: [""]
+  resources: ["pods"]
+  verbs: ["delete", "get", "list"]
+- apiGroups: [""]
+  resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims", "persistentvolumes"]
+  verbs: ["get", "list"]
+- apiGroups: [""]
+  resources: ["configmaps"]
+  verbs: ["get", "list", "update", "create"]
+- apiGroups: ["extensions"]
+  resources: ["podsecuritypolicies"]
+  resourceNames: ["privileged"]
+  verbs: ["use"]
+---
+kind: ClusterRoleBinding
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+metadata:
+  name: node-role-binding
+subjects:
+- kind: ServiceAccount
+  name: px-account
+  namespace: kube-system
+roleRef:
+  kind: ClusterRole
+  name: node-get-put-list-role
+  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
+---
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Namespace
+metadata:
+  name: portworx
+---
+kind: Role
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+metadata:
+  name: px-role
+  namespace: portworx
+rules:
+- apiGroups: [""]
+  resources: ["secrets"]
+  verbs: ["get", "list", "create", "update", "patch"]
+---
+kind: RoleBinding
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+metadata:
+  name: px-role-binding
+  namespace: portworx
+subjects:
+- kind: ServiceAccount
+  name: px-account
+  namespace: kube-system
+roleRef:
+  kind: Role
+  name: px-role
+  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
+---
+apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
+kind: DaemonSet
+metadata:
+  name: portworx
+  namespace: kube-system
+  annotations:
+    portworx.com/install-source: "https://install.portworx.com/?kbver=1.11.2&b=true&s=/dev/loop4&c=px-workshop&stork=true&lh=true"
+spec:
+  minReadySeconds: 0
+  updateStrategy:
+    type: RollingUpdate
+    rollingUpdate:
+      maxUnavailable: 1
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        name: portworx
+    spec:
+      affinity:
+        nodeAffinity:
+          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
+            nodeSelectorTerms:
+            - matchExpressions:
+              - key: px/enabled
+                operator: NotIn
+                values:
+                - "false"
+              - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
+                operator: DoesNotExist
+      hostNetwork: true
+      hostPID: false
+      containers:
+        - name: portworx
+          image: portworx/oci-monitor:1.4.2.2
+          imagePullPolicy: Always
+          args:
+            ["-c", "px-workshop", "-s", "/dev/loop4", "-b",
+             "-x", "kubernetes"]
+          env:
+            - name: "PX_TEMPLATE_VERSION"
+              value: "v4"
+            
+          livenessProbe:
+            periodSeconds: 30
+            initialDelaySeconds: 840 # allow image pull in slow networks
+            httpGet:
+              host: 127.0.0.1
+              path: /status
+              port: 9001
+          readinessProbe:
+            periodSeconds: 10
+            httpGet:
+              host: 127.0.0.1
+              path: /health
+              port: 9015
+          terminationMessagePath: "/tmp/px-termination-log"
+          securityContext:
+            privileged: true
+          volumeMounts:
+            - name: dockersock
+              mountPath: /var/run/docker.sock
+            - name: etcpwx
+              mountPath: /etc/pwx
+            - name: optpwx
+              mountPath: /opt/pwx
+            - name: proc1nsmount
+              mountPath: /host_proc/1/ns
+            - name: sysdmount
+              mountPath: /etc/systemd/system
+            - name: diagsdump
+              mountPath: /var/cores
+            - name: journalmount1
+              mountPath: /var/run/log
+              readOnly: true
+            - name: journalmount2
+              mountPath: /var/log
+              readOnly: true
+            - name: dbusmount
+              mountPath: /var/run/dbus
+      restartPolicy: Always
+      serviceAccountName: px-account
+      volumes:
+        - name: dockersock
+          hostPath:
+            path: /var/run/docker.sock
+        - name: etcpwx
+          hostPath:
+            path: /etc/pwx
+        - name: optpwx
+          hostPath:
+            path: /opt/pwx
+        - name: proc1nsmount
+          hostPath:
+            path: /proc/1/ns
+        - name: sysdmount
+          hostPath:
+            path: /etc/systemd/system
+        - name: diagsdump
+          hostPath:
+            path: /var/cores
+        - name: journalmount1
+          hostPath:
+            path: /var/run/log
+        - name: journalmount2
+          hostPath:
+            path: /var/log
+        - name: dbusmount
+          hostPath:
+            path: /var/run/dbus
+---
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: ServiceAccount
 metadata:
   name: px-lh-account
   namespace: kube-system
 ---
-kind: ClusterRole
+kind: Role
 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
 metadata:
-  name: px-lh-role
-  namespace: kube-system
+   name: px-lh-role
+   namespace: kube-system
 rules:
-  - apiGroups: [""]
-    resources: ["pods"]
-    verbs: ["list", "get"]
-  - apiGroups:
-        - extensions
-        - apps
-    resources:
-        - deployments
-    verbs: ["get", "list"]
-  - apiGroups: [""]
-    resources: ["secrets"]
-    verbs: ["get", "create", "update"]
-  - apiGroups: [""]
-    resources: ["configmaps"]
-    verbs: ["get", "create", "update"]
-  - apiGroups: [""]
-    resources: ["nodes"]
-    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
-  - apiGroups: [""]
-    resources: ["services"]
-    verbs: ["create", "get", "list", "watch"]
-  - apiGroups: ["stork.libopenstorage.org"]
-    resources: ["clusterpairs","migrations","groupvolumesnapshots"]
-    verbs: ["get", "list", "create", "update", "delete"]
-  - apiGroups: ["monitoring.coreos.com"]
-    resources:
-      - alertmanagers
-      - prometheuses
-      - prometheuses/finalizers
-      - servicemonitors
-    verbs: ["*"]
+- apiGroups: [""]
+  resources: ["configmaps"]
+  verbs: ["get", "create", "update"]
 ---
-kind: ClusterRoleBinding
+kind: RoleBinding
 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
 metadata:
   name: px-lh-role-binding
   namespace: kube-system
 subjects:
-  - kind: ServiceAccount
-    name: px-lh-account
-    namespace: kube-system
+- kind: ServiceAccount
+  name: px-lh-account
+  namespace: kube-system
 roleRef:
-  kind: ClusterRole
+  kind: Role
   name: px-lh-role
   apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
 ---
@@ -689,12 +518,14 @@ spec:
   ports:
     - name: http
       port: 80
+      nodePort: 32678
     - name: https
       port: 443
+      nodePort: 32679
   selector:
     tier: px-web-console
 ---
-apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
+apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
 kind: Deployment
 metadata:
   name: px-lighthouse
@@ -718,7 +549,7 @@ spec:
     spec:
       initContainers:
       - name: config-init
-        image: portworx/lh-config-sync:0.4
+        image: portworx/lh-config-sync:0.2
         imagePullPolicy: Always
         args:
         - "init"
@@ -727,9 +558,8 @@ spec:
           mountPath: /config/lh
       containers:
       - name: px-lighthouse
-        image: portworx/px-lighthouse:2.0.4
+        image: portworx/px-lighthouse:1.5.0
         imagePullPolicy: Always
-        args: [ "-kubernetes", "true" ]
         ports:
         - containerPort: 80
         - containerPort: 443
@@ -737,16 +567,13 @@ spec:
         - name: config
           mountPath: /config/lh
       - name: config-sync
-        image: portworx/lh-config-sync:0.4
+        image: portworx/lh-config-sync:0.2
         imagePullPolicy: Always
         args:
         - "sync"
         volumeMounts:
         - name: config
           mountPath: /config/lh
-      - name: stork-connector
-        image: portworx/lh-stork-connector:0.2
-        imagePullPolicy: Always
       serviceAccountName: px-lh-account
       volumes:
       - name: config

k8s/postgres.yaml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ spec:
       schedulerName: stork
       containers:
       - name: postgres
-        image: postgres:11
+        image: postgres:10.5
         volumeMounts:
         - mountPath: /var/lib/postgresql/data
           name: postgres

k8s/traefik.yaml

@@ -6,16 +6,13 @@ metadata:
   namespace: kube-system
 ---
 kind: DaemonSet
-apiVersion: apps/v1
+apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
 metadata:
   name: traefik-ingress-controller
   namespace: kube-system
   labels:
     k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
 spec:
-  selector:
-    matchLabels:
-      k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
   template:
     metadata:
       labels:
@@ -29,7 +26,7 @@ spec:
       serviceAccountName: traefik-ingress-controller
       terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60
       containers:
-      - image: traefik:1.7
+      - image: traefik
         name: traefik-ingress-lb
         ports:
         - name: http

prepare-vms/README.md

@@ -87,37 +87,26 @@ You're all set!
 ```
 workshopctl - the orchestration workshop swiss army knife
 Commands:
-build                Build the Docker image to run this program in a container
-cards                Generate ready-to-print cards for a group of VMs
-deploy               Install Docker on a bunch of running VMs
-disableaddrchecks    Disable source/destination IP address checks
-disabledocker        Stop Docker Engine and don't restart it automatically
-helmprom             Install Helm and Prometheus
-help                 Show available commands
-ids                  (FIXME) List the instance IDs belonging to a given tag or token
-kubebins             Install Kubernetes and CNI binaries but don't start anything
-kubereset            Wipe out Kubernetes configuration on all nodes
-kube                 Setup kubernetes clusters with kubeadm (must be run AFTER deploy)
-kubetest             Check that all nodes are reporting as Ready
-listall              List VMs running on all configured infrastructures
-list                 List available groups for a given infrastructure
-netfix               Disable GRO and run a pinger job on the VMs
-opensg               Open the default security group to ALL ingress traffic
-ping                 Ping VMs in a given tag, to check that they have network access
-pssh                 Run an arbitrary command on all nodes
-pull_images          Pre-pull a bunch of Docker images
-quotas               Check our infrastructure quotas (max instances)
-remap_nodeports      Remap NodePort range to 10000-10999
-retag                (FIXME) Apply a new tag to a group of VMs
-ssh                  Open an SSH session to the first node of a tag
-start                Start a group of VMs
-stop                 Stop (terminate, shutdown, kill, remove, destroy...) instances
-tags                 List groups of VMs known locally
-test                 Run tests (pre-flight checks) on a group of VMs
-weavetest            Check that weave seems properly setup
-webssh               Install a WEB SSH server on the machines (port 1080)
-wrap                 Run this program in a container
-www                  Run a web server to access card HTML and PDF
+ami          Show the AMI that will be used for deployment
+amis         List Ubuntu AMIs in the current region
+build        Build the Docker image to run this program in a container
+cards        Generate ready-to-print cards for a group of VMs
+deploy       Install Docker on a bunch of running VMs
+ec2quotas    Check our EC2 quotas (max instances)
+help         Show available commands
+ids          List the instance IDs belonging to a given tag or token
+ips          List the IP addresses of the VMs for a given tag or token
+kube         Setup kubernetes clusters with kubeadm (must be run AFTER deploy)
+kubetest     Check that all notes are reporting as Ready
+list         List available groups in the current region
+opensg       Open the default security group to ALL ingress traffic
+pull_images  Pre-pull a bunch of Docker images
+retag        Apply a new tag to a group of VMs
+start        Start a group of VMs
+status       List instance status for a given group
+stop         Stop (terminate, shutdown, kill, remove, destroy...) instances
+test         Run tests (pre-flight checks) on a group of VMs
+wrap         Run this program in a container
 ```
 
 ### Summary of What `./workshopctl` Does For You

prepare-vms/lib/commands.sh

@@ -33,14 +33,9 @@ _cmd_cards() {
         ../../lib/ips-txt-to-html.py settings.yaml
     )
 
-    ln -sf ../tags/$TAG/ips.html www/$TAG.html
-    ln -sf ../tags/$TAG/ips.pdf www/$TAG.pdf
-
     info "Cards created. You can view them with:"
     info "xdg-open tags/$TAG/ips.html tags/$TAG/ips.pdf (on Linux)"
     info "open tags/$TAG/ips.html (on macOS)"
-    info "Or you can start a web server with:"
-    info "$0 www"
 }
 
 _cmd deploy "Install Docker on a bunch of running VMs"
@@ -157,10 +152,10 @@ _cmd_kube() {
     # Optional version, e.g. 1.13.5
     KUBEVERSION=$2
     if [ "$KUBEVERSION" ]; then
-        EXTRA_APTGET="=$KUBEVERSION-00"
+        EXTRA_KUBELET="=$KUBEVERSION-00"
         EXTRA_KUBEADM="--kubernetes-version=v$KUBEVERSION"
     else
-        EXTRA_APTGET=""
+        EXTRA_KUBELET=""
         EXTRA_KUBEADM=""
     fi
 
@@ -172,7 +167,7 @@ _cmd_kube() {
     sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list"
     pssh --timeout 200 "
     sudo apt-get update -q &&
-    sudo apt-get install -qy kubelet$EXTRA_APTGET kubeadm$EXTRA_APTGET kubectl$EXTRA_APTGET &&
+    sudo apt-get install -qy kubelet$EXTRA_KUBELET kubeadm kubectl &&
     kubectl completion bash | sudo tee /etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl"
 
     # Initialize kube master
@@ -234,7 +229,7 @@ EOF"
     pssh "
     if [ ! -x /usr/local/bin/stern ]; then
         ##VERSION##
-        sudo curl -L -o /usr/local/bin/stern https://github.com/wercker/stern/releases/download/1.11.0/stern_linux_amd64 &&
+        sudo curl -L -o /usr/local/bin/stern https://github.com/wercker/stern/releases/download/1.10.0/stern_linux_amd64 &&
         sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/stern &&
         stern --completion bash | sudo tee /etc/bash_completion.d/stern
     fi"
@@ -323,14 +318,6 @@ _cmd_listall() {
     done
 }
 
-_cmd ping "Ping VMs in a given tag, to check that they have network access"
-_cmd_ping() {
-    TAG=$1
-    need_tag
-
-    fping < tags/$TAG/ips.txt
-}
-
 _cmd netfix "Disable GRO and run a pinger job on the VMs"
 _cmd_netfix () {
     TAG=$1
@@ -386,20 +373,6 @@ _cmd_pull_images() {
     pull_tag
 }
 
-_cmd remap_nodeports "Remap NodePort range to 10000-10999"
-_cmd_remap_nodeports() {
-    TAG=$1
-    need_tag
-
-    FIND_LINE="    - --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0\/12"
-    ADD_LINE="    - --service-node-port-range=10000-10999"
-    MANIFEST_FILE=/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
-    pssh "
-    if i_am_first_node && ! grep -q '$ADD_LINE' $MANIFEST_FILE; then
-        sudo sed -i 's/\($FIND_LINE\)\$/\1\n$ADD_LINE/' $MANIFEST_FILE
-    fi"
-}
-
 _cmd quotas "Check our infrastructure quotas (max instances)"
 _cmd_quotas() {
     need_infra $1
@@ -555,50 +528,6 @@ _cmd_weavetest() {
     sh -c \"./weave --local status | grep Connections | grep -q ' 1 failed' || ! echo POD \""
 }
 
-_cmd webssh "Install a WEB SSH server on the machines (port 1080)"
-_cmd_webssh() {
-    TAG=$1
-    need_tag
-    pssh "
-    sudo apt-get update &&
-    sudo apt-get install python-tornado python-paramiko -y"
-    pssh "
-    [ -d webssh ] || git clone https://github.com/jpetazzo/webssh"
-    pssh "
-    for KEYFILE in /etc/ssh/*.pub; do
-      read a b c < \$KEYFILE; echo localhost \$a \$b
-    done > webssh/known_hosts"
-    pssh "cat >webssh.service <<EOF
-[Unit]
-Description=webssh
-
-[Install]
-WantedBy=multi-user.target
-
-[Service]
-WorkingDirectory=/home/ubuntu/webssh
-ExecStart=/usr/bin/env python run.py --fbidhttp=false --port=1080 --policy=reject
-User=nobody
-Group=nogroup
-Restart=always
-EOF"
-    pssh "
-    sudo systemctl enable \$PWD/webssh.service &&
-    sudo systemctl start webssh.service"
-}
-
-_cmd www "Run a web server to access card HTML and PDF"
-_cmd_www() {
-    cd www
-    IPADDR=$(curl -sL canihazip.com/s)
-    info "The following files are available:"
-    for F in *; do
-        echo "http://$IPADDR:8000/$F"
-    done
-    info "Press Ctrl-C to stop server."
-    python3 -m http.server
-}
-
 greet() {
     IAMUSER=$(aws iam get-user --query 'User.UserName')
     info "Hello! You seem to be UNIX user $USER, and IAM user $IAMUSER."

prepare-vms/lib/infra/aws.sh

@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ infra_start() {
         die "I could not find which AMI to use in this region. Try another region?"
     fi
     AWS_KEY_NAME=$(make_key_name)
-    AWS_INSTANCE_TYPE=${AWS_INSTANCE_TYPE-t3a.medium}
 
     sep "Starting instances"
     info "         Count: $COUNT"
@@ -39,11 +38,10 @@ infra_start() {
     info "     Token/tag: $TAG"
     info "           AMI: $AMI"
     info "      Key name: $AWS_KEY_NAME"
-    info " Instance type: $AWS_INSTANCE_TYPE"
     result=$(aws ec2 run-instances \
         --key-name $AWS_KEY_NAME \
         --count $COUNT \
-        --instance-type $AWS_INSTANCE_TYPE \
+        --instance-type ${AWS_INSTANCE_TYPE-t2.medium} \
         --client-token $TAG \
         --block-device-mapping 'DeviceName=/dev/sda1,Ebs={VolumeSize=20}' \
         --image-id $AMI)
@@ -99,7 +97,7 @@ infra_disableaddrchecks() {
 }
 
 wait_until_tag_is_running() {
-    max_retry=100
+    max_retry=50
     i=0
     done_count=0
     while [[ $done_count -lt $COUNT ]]; do

prepare-vms/lib/ips-txt-to-html.py

@@ -1,15 +1,20 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env python
 import os
 import sys
 import yaml
 import jinja2
 
+def prettify(l):
+    l = [ip.strip() for ip in l]
+    ret = [ "node{}: <code>{}</code>".format(i+1, s) for (i, s) in zip(range(len(l)), l) ]
+    return ret
 
 # Read settings from user-provided settings file
-context = yaml.safe_load(open(sys.argv[1]))
+SETTINGS = yaml.load(open(sys.argv[1]))
+
+clustersize = SETTINGS["clustersize"]
 
 ips = list(open("ips.txt"))
-clustersize = context["clustersize"]
 
 print("---------------------------------------------")
 print("   Number of IPs: {}".format(len(ips)))
@@ -25,9 +30,7 @@ while ips:
     ips = ips[clustersize:]
     clusters.append(cluster)
 
-context["clusters"] = clusters
-
-template_file_name = context["cards_template"]
+template_file_name = SETTINGS["cards_template"]
 template_file_path = os.path.join(
     os.path.dirname(__file__),
     "..",
@@ -36,19 +39,18 @@ template_file_path = os.path.join(
     )
 template = jinja2.Template(open(template_file_path).read())
 with open("ips.html", "w") as f:
-	f.write(template.render(**context))
+	f.write(template.render(clusters=clusters, **SETTINGS))
 print("Generated ips.html")
 
-
 try:
     import pdfkit
     with open("ips.html") as f:
         pdfkit.from_file(f, "ips.pdf", options={
-            "page-size": context["paper_size"],
-            "margin-top": context["paper_margin"],
-            "margin-bottom": context["paper_margin"],
-            "margin-left": context["paper_margin"],
-            "margin-right": context["paper_margin"],
+            "page-size": SETTINGS["paper_size"],
+            "margin-top": SETTINGS["paper_margin"],
+            "margin-bottom": SETTINGS["paper_margin"],
+            "margin-left": SETTINGS["paper_margin"],
+            "margin-right": SETTINGS["paper_margin"],
             })
     print("Generated ips.pdf")
 except ImportError:

prepare-vms/lib/postprep.py

@@ -73,29 +73,8 @@ set expandtab
 set number
 set shiftwidth=2
 set softtabstop=2
-set nowrap
 SQRL""")
 
-# Custom .tmux.conf
-system(
-    """sudo -u docker tee /home/docker/.tmux.conf <<SQRL
-bind h select-pane -L
-bind j select-pane -D
-bind k select-pane -U
-bind l select-pane -R
-
-# Allow using mouse to switch panes
-set -g mouse on
-
-# Make scrolling with wheels work
-
-bind -n WheelUpPane if-shell -F -t = "#{mouse_any_flag}" "send-keys -M" "if -Ft= '#{pane_in_mode}' 'send-keys -M' 'select-pane -t=; copy-mode -e; send-keys -M'"
-bind -n WheelDownPane select-pane -t= \; send-keys -M
-
-SQRL"""
-)
-
-
 # add docker user to sudoers and allow password authentication
 system("""sudo tee /etc/sudoers.d/docker <<SQRL
 docker ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL

prepare-vms/settings/admin-dmuc.yaml

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-# Number of VMs per cluster
-clustersize: 1
-
-# The hostname of each node will be clusterprefix + a number
-clusterprefix: dmuc
-
-# Jinja2 template to use to generate ready-to-cut cards
-cards_template: cards.html
-
-# Use "Letter" in the US, and "A4" everywhere else
-paper_size: A4
-
-# Feel free to reduce this if your printer can handle it
-paper_margin: 0.2in
-
-# Note: paper_size and paper_margin only apply to PDF generated with pdfkit.
-# If you print (or generate a PDF) using ips.html, they will be ignored.
-# (The equivalent parameters must be set from the browser's print dialog.)
-
-# This can be "test" or "stable"
-engine_version: stable
-
-# These correspond to the version numbers visible on their respective GitHub release pages
-compose_version: 1.24.1
-machine_version: 0.14.0
-
-# Password used to connect with the "docker user"
-docker_user_password: training
-
-image:

prepare-vms/settings/admin-kubenet.yaml

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-# Number of VMs per cluster
-clustersize: 3
-
-# The hostname of each node will be clusterprefix + a number
-clusterprefix: kubenet
-
-# Jinja2 template to use to generate ready-to-cut cards
-cards_template: cards.html
-
-# Use "Letter" in the US, and "A4" everywhere else
-paper_size: A4
-
-# Feel free to reduce this if your printer can handle it
-paper_margin: 0.2in
-
-# Note: paper_size and paper_margin only apply to PDF generated with pdfkit.
-# If you print (or generate a PDF) using ips.html, they will be ignored.
-# (The equivalent parameters must be set from the browser's print dialog.)
-
-# This can be "test" or "stable"
-engine_version: stable
-
-# These correspond to the version numbers visible on their respective GitHub release pages
-compose_version: 1.24.1
-machine_version: 0.14.0
-
-# Password used to connect with the "docker user"
-docker_user_password: training
-
-clusternumber: 100
-image:

prepare-vms/settings/admin-kuberouter.yaml

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-# Number of VMs per cluster
-clustersize: 3
-
-# The hostname of each node will be clusterprefix + a number
-clusterprefix: kuberouter
-
-# Jinja2 template to use to generate ready-to-cut cards
-cards_template: cards.html
-
-# Use "Letter" in the US, and "A4" everywhere else
-paper_size: A4
-
-# Feel free to reduce this if your printer can handle it
-paper_margin: 0.2in
-
-# Note: paper_size and paper_margin only apply to PDF generated with pdfkit.
-# If you print (or generate a PDF) using ips.html, they will be ignored.
-# (The equivalent parameters must be set from the browser's print dialog.)
-
-# This can be "test" or "stable"
-engine_version: stable
-
-# These correspond to the version numbers visible on their respective GitHub release pages
-compose_version: 1.24.1
-machine_version: 0.14.0
-
-# Password used to connect with the "docker user"
-docker_user_password: training
-
-clusternumber: 200
-image:

prepare-vms/settings/admin-test.yaml

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-# Number of VMs per cluster
-clustersize: 3
-
-# The hostname of each node will be clusterprefix + a number
-clusterprefix: test
-
-# Jinja2 template to use to generate ready-to-cut cards
-cards_template: cards.html
-
-# Use "Letter" in the US, and "A4" everywhere else
-paper_size: A4
-
-# Feel free to reduce this if your printer can handle it
-paper_margin: 0.2in
-
-# Note: paper_size and paper_margin only apply to PDF generated with pdfkit.
-# If you print (or generate a PDF) using ips.html, they will be ignored.
-# (The equivalent parameters must be set from the browser's print dialog.)
-
-# This can be "test" or "stable"
-engine_version: stable
-
-# These correspond to the version numbers visible on their respective GitHub release pages
-compose_version: 1.24.1
-machine_version: 0.14.0
-
-# Password used to connect with the "docker user"
-docker_user_password: training
-
-image:

prepare-vms/settings/day1.yaml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ clustersize: 1
 clusterprefix: node
 
 # Jinja2 template to use to generate ready-to-cut cards
-cards_template: cards.html
+cards_template: jerome.html
 
 # Use "Letter" in the US, and "A4" everywhere else
 paper_size: Letter
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ paper_margin: 0.2in
 engine_version: stable
 
 # These correspond to the version numbers visible on their respective GitHub release pages
-compose_version: 1.24.1
+compose_version: 1.22.0
 machine_version: 0.15.0
 
 # Password used to connect with the "docker user"

prepare-vms/settings/day2.yaml

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ clustersize: 4
 clusterprefix: node
 
 # Jinja2 template to use to generate ready-to-cut cards
-cards_template: cards.html
+cards_template: jerome.html
 
 # Use "Letter" in the US, and "A4" everywhere else
 paper_size: Letter
@@ -21,8 +21,9 @@ paper_margin: 0.2in
 engine_version: stable
 
 # These correspond to the version numbers visible on their respective GitHub release pages
-compose_version: 1.24.1
+compose_version: 1.21.1
 machine_version: 0.14.0
 
 # Password used to connect with the "docker user"
 docker_user_password: training
+

prepare-vms/settings/example.yaml

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-# customize your cluster size, your cards template, and the versions
-
-# Number of VMs per cluster
-clustersize: 5
-
-# The hostname of each node will be clusterprefix + a number
-clusterprefix: node
-
-# Jinja2 template to use to generate ready-to-cut cards
-cards_template: cards.html
-
-# Use "Letter" in the US, and "A4" everywhere else
-paper_size: Letter
-
-# Feel free to reduce this if your printer can handle it
-paper_margin: 0.2in
-
-# Note: paper_size and paper_margin only apply to PDF generated with pdfkit.
-# If you print (or generate a PDF) using ips.html, they will be ignored.
-# (The equivalent parameters must be set from the browser's print dialog.)
-
-# This can be "test" or "stable"
-engine_version: test
-
-# These correspond to the version numbers visible on their respective GitHub release pages
-compose_version: 1.24.1
-machine_version: 0.13.0
-
-# Password used to connect with the "docker user"
-docker_user_password: training

prepare-vms/settings/kube101.yaml

@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-# 3 nodes for k8s 101 workshops
-
-# Number of VMs per cluster
-clustersize: 3
-
-# The hostname of each node will be clusterprefix + a number
-clusterprefix: node
-
-# Jinja2 template to use to generate ready-to-cut cards
-cards_template: cards.html
-
-# Use "Letter" in the US, and "A4" everywhere else
-paper_size: Letter
-
-# Feel free to reduce this if your printer can handle it
-paper_margin: 0.2in
-
-# Note: paper_size and paper_margin only apply to PDF generated with pdfkit.
-# If you print (or generate a PDF) using ips.html, they will be ignored.
-# (The equivalent parameters must be set from the browser's print dialog.)
-
-# This can be "test" or "stable"
-engine_version: stable
-
-# These correspond to the version numbers visible on their respective GitHub release pages
-compose_version: 1.24.1
-machine_version: 0.14.0
-
-# Password used to connect with the "docker user"
-docker_user_password: training
-

prepare-vms/settings/swarm.yaml

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-# This file is passed by trainer-cli to scripts/ips-txt-to-html.py
-
-# Number of VMs per cluster
-clustersize: 3
-
-# The hostname of each node will be clusterprefix + a number
-clusterprefix: node
-
-# Jinja2 template to use to generate ready-to-cut cards
-cards_template: cards.html
-
-# Use "Letter" in the US, and "A4" everywhere else
-paper_size: Letter
-
-# Feel free to reduce this if your printer can handle it
-paper_margin: 0.2in
-
-# Note: paper_size and paper_margin only apply to PDF generated with pdfkit.
-# If you print (or generate a PDF) using ips.html, they will be ignored.
-# (The equivalent parameters must be set from the browser's print dialog.)
-
-# This can be "test" or "stable"
-engine_version: stable
-
-# These correspond to the version numbers visible on their respective GitHub release pages
-compose_version: 1.24.1
-machine_version: 0.15.0
-
-# Password used to connect with the "docker user"
-docker_user_password: training

prepare-vms/setup-admin-clusters.sh

@@ -1,20 +1,15 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 set -e
 
-export AWS_INSTANCE_TYPE=t3a.small
-
-INFRA=infra/aws-us-west-2
+INFRA=infra/aws-eu-west-3
 
 STUDENTS=2
 
-PREFIX=$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M)
-
-SETTINGS=admin-dmuc
-TAG=$PREFIX-$SETTINGS
+TAG=admin-dmuc
 ./workshopctl start \
 	--tag $TAG \
 	--infra $INFRA \
-	--settings settings/$SETTINGS.yaml \
+	--settings settings/$TAG.yaml \
 	--count $STUDENTS
 
 ./workshopctl deploy $TAG
@@ -22,45 +17,37 @@ TAG=$PREFIX-$SETTINGS
 ./workshopctl kubebins $TAG
 ./workshopctl cards $TAG
 
-SETTINGS=admin-kubenet
-TAG=$PREFIX-$SETTINGS
+TAG=admin-kubenet
 ./workshopctl start \
 	--tag $TAG \
 	--infra $INFRA \
-	--settings settings/$SETTINGS.yaml \
+	--settings settings/$TAG.yaml \
 	--count $((3*$STUDENTS))
 
-./workshopctl disableaddrchecks $TAG
 ./workshopctl deploy $TAG
 ./workshopctl kubebins $TAG
+./workshopctl disableaddrchecks $TAG
 ./workshopctl cards $TAG
 
-SETTINGS=admin-kuberouter
-TAG=$PREFIX-$SETTINGS
+TAG=admin-kuberouter
 ./workshopctl start \
 	--tag $TAG \
 	--infra $INFRA \
-	--settings settings/$SETTINGS.yaml \
+	--settings settings/$TAG.yaml \
 	--count $((3*$STUDENTS))
 
-./workshopctl disableaddrchecks $TAG
 ./workshopctl deploy $TAG
 ./workshopctl kubebins $TAG
+./workshopctl disableaddrchecks $TAG
 ./workshopctl cards $TAG
 
-#INFRA=infra/aws-us-west-1
-
-export AWS_INSTANCE_TYPE=t3a.medium
-
-SETTINGS=admin-test
-TAG=$PREFIX-$SETTINGS
+TAG=admin-test
 ./workshopctl start \
 	--tag $TAG \
 	--infra $INFRA \
-	--settings settings/$SETTINGS.yaml \
+	--settings settings/$TAG.yaml \
 	--count $((3*$STUDENTS))
 
 ./workshopctl deploy $TAG
-./workshopctl kube $TAG 1.14.6
+./workshopctl kube $TAG 1.13.5
 ./workshopctl cards $TAG
-

prepare-vms/templates/cards.html

@@ -1,233 +0,0 @@
-{#
-   The variables below can be customized here directly, or in your
-   settings.yaml file. Any variable in settings.yaml will be exposed
-   in here as well.
-#}
-
-{%- set url = url
-    | default("http://FIXME.container.training/") -%}
-{%- set pagesize = pagesize
-    | default(9) -%}
-{%- set lang = lang
-    | default("en") -%}
-{%- set event = event
-    | default("training session") -%}
-{%- set backside = backside
-    | default(False) -%}
-{%- set image = image
-    | default("kube") -%}
-{%- set clusternumber = clusternumber
-    | default(None) -%}
-
-{%- set image_src = {
-	"docker": "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/www.breadware.com/integrations/docker.png",
-	"swarm": "https://cdn.wp.nginx.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/docker-swarm-hero2.png",
-	"kube": "https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/13629408",
-	"enix": "https://enix.io/static/img/logos/logo-domain-cropped.png",
-    }[image] -%}
-{%- if lang == "en" and clustersize == 1 -%}
-	{%- set intro -%}
-	Here is the connection information to your very own
-	machine for this {{ event }}.
-	You can connect to this VM with any SSH client.
-	{%- endset -%}
-    {%- set listhead -%}
-    Your machine is:
-	{%- endset -%}
-{%- endif -%}
-{%- if lang == "en" and clustersize != 1 -%}
-	{%- set intro -%}
-	Here is the connection information to your very own
-	cluster for this {{ event }}.
-	You can connect to each VM with any SSH client.
-	{%- endset -%}
-    {%- set listhead -%}
-    Your machines are:
-	{%- endset -%}
-{%- endif -%}
-{%- if lang == "fr" and clustersize == 1 -%}
-	{%- set intro -%}
-	Voici les informations permettant de se connecter à votre
-	machine pour cette formation.
-	Vous pouvez vous connecter à cette machine virtuelle
-	avec n'importe quel client SSH.
-	{%- endset -%}
-    {%- set listhead -%}
-    Adresse IP:
-	{%- endset -%}
-{%- endif -%}
-{%- if lang == "en" and clusterprefix != "node" -%}
-	{%- set intro -%}
-    Here is the connection information for the
-    <strong>{{ clusterprefix }}</strong> environment.
-	{%- endset -%}
-{%- endif -%}
-{%- if lang == "fr" and clustersize != 1 -%}
-	{%- set intro -%}
-	Voici les informations permettant de se connecter à votre
-	cluster pour cette formation.
-	Vous pouvez vous connecter à chaque machine virtuelle
-	avec n'importe quel client SSH.
-	{%- endset -%}
-    {%- set listhead -%}
-	Adresses IP:
-	{%- endset -%}
-{%- endif -%}
-{%- if lang == "en"  -%}
-	{%- set slides_are_at -%}
-	You can find the slides at:
-	{%- endset -%}
-{%- endif -%}
-{%- if lang == "fr" -%}
-	{%- set slides_are_at -%}
-  	Le support de formation est à l'adresse suivante :
-	{%- endset -%}
-{%- endif -%}
-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
-<html>
-<head><style>
-@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Slabo+27px');
-
-body, table {
-    margin: 0;
-    padding: 0;
-    line-height: 1em;
-    font-size: 15px;
-    font-family: 'Slabo 27px';
-}
-
-table {
-    border-spacing: 0;
-    margin-top: 0.4em;
-    margin-bottom: 0.4em;
-    border-left: 0.8em double grey;
-    padding-left: 0.4em;
-}
-
-div {
-    float: left;
-    border: 1px dotted black;
-    {% if backside %}
-    height: 31%;
-    {% endif %}
-    padding-top: 1%;
-    padding-bottom: 1%;
-    /* columns * (width+left+right) < 100% */
-    /*
-    width: 21.5%;
-    padding-left: 1.5%;
-    padding-right: 1.5%;
-    */
-    /**/
-    width: 30%;
-    padding-left: 1.5%;
-    padding-right: 1.5%;
-    /**/    
-}
-
-p {
-    margin: 0.4em 0 0.4em 0;
-}
-
-div.back {
-	border: 1px dotted white;
-}
-
-div.back p {
-    margin: 0.5em 1em 0 1em;
-}
-
-img {
-    height: 4em;
-    float: right;
-    margin-right: -0.2em;
-}
-
-/*
-img.enix {
-    height: 4.0em;
-    margin-top: 0.4em;
-}
-
-img.kube {
-    height: 4.2em;
-    margin-top: 1.7em;
-}
-*/
-
-.logpass {
-    font-family: monospace;
-    font-weight: bold;
-}
-
-.pagebreak {
-    page-break-after: always;
-    clear: both;
-    display: block;
-    height: 8px;
-}
-</style></head>
-<body>
-{% for cluster in clusters %}
-    <div>
-        <p>{{ intro }}</p>
-        <p>
-            {% if image_src %}
-            <img src="{{ image_src }}" />
-            {% endif %}
-            <table>
-            	{% if clusternumber != None %}
-	            <tr><td>cluster:</td></tr>
-	            <tr><td class="logpass">{{ clusternumber + loop.index }}</td></tr>
-            	{% endif %}
-                <tr><td>login:</td></tr>
-                <tr><td class="logpass">docker</td></tr>
-                <tr><td>password:</td></tr>
-                <tr><td class="logpass">{{ docker_user_password }}</td></tr>
-            </table>
-
-        </p>
-        <p>
-            {{ listhead }}
-            <table>
-                {% for node in cluster %}
-                <tr>
-                	<td>{{ clusterprefix }}{{ loop.index }}:</td>
-                	<td>{{ node }}</td>
-                </tr>
-                {% endfor %}
-            </table>
-        </p>
-
-        <p>
-            {% if url %}
-        	{{ slides_are_at }}
-            <center>{{ url }}</center>
-            {% endif %}
-        </p>
-    </div>
-    {% if loop.index%pagesize==0 or loop.last %}
-        <span class="pagebreak"></span>
-        {% if backside %}
-			{% for x in range(pagesize) %}
-		        <div class="back">
-		        <br/>
-				<p>You got this at the workshop
-				"Getting Started With Kubernetes and Container Orchestration"
-				during QCON London (March 2019).</p>
-				<p>If you liked that workshop,
-				I can train your team or organization
-				on Docker, container, and Kubernetes,
-				with curriculums of 1 to 5 days.
-				</p>
-				<p>Interested? Contact me at:</p>
-				<p>jerome.petazzoni@gmail.com</p>
-				<p>Thank you!</p>
-		        </div>
-			{% endfor %}
-		<span class="pagebreak"></span>
-		{% endif %}
-    {% endif %}
-{% endfor %}
-</body>
-</html>

prepare-vms/templates/jerome.html

@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+{# Feel free to customize or override anything in there! #}
+{%- set url = "http://wwrk-2019-05.container.training/" -%}
+{%- set pagesize = 9 -%}
+{%- set workshop_name = "training session" -%}
+{%- if clustersize == 1 -%}
+    {%- set cluster_or_machine = "Docker machine" -%}
+    {%- set this_or_each = "this" -%}
+    {%- set machine_is_or_machines_are = "machine is" -%}
+    {%- set image_src = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/www.breadware.com/integrations/docker.png" -%}
+{%- else -%}
+    {%- set cluster_or_machine = "Kubernetes cluster" -%}
+    {%- set this_or_each = "each" -%}
+    {%- set machine_is_or_machines_are = "machines are" -%}
+    {%- set image_src_swarm = "https://cdn.wp.nginx.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/docker-swarm-hero2.png" -%}
+    {%- set image_src_kube = "https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/13629408" -%}
+    {%- set image_src = image_src_kube -%}
+{%- endif -%}
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head><style>
+@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Slabo+27px');
+body, table {
+    margin: 0;
+    padding: 0;
+    line-height: 1.0em;
+    font-size: 15px;
+    font-family: 'Slabo 27px';
+}
+
+table {
+    border-spacing: 0;
+    margin-top: 0.4em;
+    margin-bottom: 0.4em;
+    border-left: 0.8em double grey;
+    padding-left: 0.4em;
+}
+
+div {
+    float: left;
+    border: 1px dotted black;
+    height: 31%;
+    padding-top: 1%;
+    padding-bottom: 1%;
+    /* columns * (width+left+right) < 100% */
+    width: 30%;
+    padding-left: 1.5%;
+    padding-right: 1.5%;
+}
+
+div.back {
+	border: 1px dotted white;
+}
+
+div.back p {
+    margin: 0.5em 1em 0 1em;
+}
+
+p {
+    margin: 0.4em 0 0.8em 0;
+}
+
+img {
+    height: 5em;
+    float: right;
+    margin-right: 1em;
+}
+
+.logpass {
+    font-family: monospace;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.pagebreak {
+    page-break-after: always;
+    clear: both;
+    display: block;
+    height: 8px;
+}
+</style></head>
+<body>
+{% for cluster in clusters %}
+    <div>
+
+        <p>
+            Here is the connection information to your very own
+            {{ cluster_or_machine }} for this {{ workshop_name }}.
+            You can connect to {{ this_or_each }} VM with any SSH client.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            <img src="{{ image_src }}" />
+            <table>
+                <tr><td>login:</td></tr>
+                <tr><td class="logpass">docker</td></tr>
+                <tr><td>password:</td></tr>
+                <tr><td class="logpass">{{ docker_user_password }}</td></tr>
+            </table>
+
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            Your {{ machine_is_or_machines_are }}:
+            <table>
+                {% for node in cluster %}
+                <tr><td>node{{ loop.index }}:</td><td>{{ node }}</td></tr>
+                {% endfor %}
+            </table>
+        </p>
+        <p>You can find the slides at:
+            <center>{{ url }}</center>
+        </p>
+    </div>
+{% endfor %}
+</body>
+</html>

prepare-vms/www/README

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-This directory will contain symlinks to HTML and PDF files for the cards
-with the IP address, login, and password for the training environments.
-
-The file "index.html" is empty on purpose: it prevents listing the files.

slides/Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-FROM alpine:3.9
-RUN apk add --no-cache entr py-pip git
+FROM alpine
+RUN apk update
+RUN apk add entr
+RUN apk add py-pip
+RUN apk add git
 COPY requirements.txt .
 RUN pip install -r requirements.txt

slides/_redirects

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 # Uncomment and/or edit one of the the following lines if necessary.
 #/ /kube-halfday.yml.html 200
 #/ /kube-fullday.yml.html 200
-/ /kube-twodays.yml.html 200!
-
-# And this allows to do "git clone https://container.training".
-/info/refs service=git-upload-pack https://github.com/jpetazzo/container.training/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack
+#/ /kube-twodays.yml.html 200
+/ /wwrk.yml.html 200!

slides/containers/Ambassadors.md

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ Different deployments will use different underlying technologies.
 * Ad-hoc deployments can use a master-less discovery protocol
   like avahi to register and discover services.
 * It is also possible to do one-shot reconfiguration of the
-  ambassadors. It is slightly less dynamic but has far fewer
+  ambassadors. It is slightly less dynamic but has much less
   requirements.
 * Ambassadors can be used in addition to, or instead of, overlay networks.
 

slides/containers/Application_Configuration.md

@@ -98,13 +98,13 @@ COPY prometheus.conf /etc
 
 * Allows arbitrary customization and complex configuration files.
 
-* Requires writing a configuration file. (Obviously!)
+* Requires to write a configuration file. (Obviously!)
 
-* Requires building an image to start the service.
+* Requires to build an image to start the service.
 
-* Requires rebuilding the image to reconfigure the service.
+* Requires to rebuild the image to reconfigure the service.
 
-* Requires rebuilding the image to upgrade the service.
+* Requires to rebuild the image to upgrade the service.
 
 * Configured images can be stored in registries.
 
@@ -132,11 +132,11 @@ docker run -v appconfig:/etc/appconfig myapp
 
 * Allows arbitrary customization and complex configuration files.
 
-* Requires creating a volume for each different configuration.
+* Requires to create a volume for each different configuration.
 
 * Services with identical configurations can use the same volume.
 
-* Doesn't require building / rebuilding an image when upgrading / reconfiguring.
+* Doesn't require to build / rebuild an image when upgrading / reconfiguring.
 
 * Configuration can be generated or edited through another container.
 
@@ -198,4 +198,4 @@ E.g.:
 
 - read the secret on stdin when the service starts,
 
-- pass the secret using an API endpoint.
+- pass the secret using an API endpoint.

slides/containers/Background_Containers.md

@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ $ docker kill 068 57ad
 The `stop` and `kill` commands can take multiple container IDs.
 
 Those containers will be terminated immediately (without
-the 10-second delay).
+the 10 seconds delay).
 
 Let's check that our containers don't show up anymore:
 

slides/containers/Cmd_And_Entrypoint.md

@@ -222,16 +222,16 @@ CMD ["hello world"]
 Let's build it:
 
 ```bash
-$ docker build -t myfiglet .
+$ docker build -t figlet .
 ...
 Successfully built 6e0b6a048a07
-Successfully tagged myfiglet:latest
+Successfully tagged figlet:latest
 ```
 
 Run it without parameters:
 
 ```bash
-$ docker run myfiglet
+$ docker run figlet
  _          _   _                             _        
 | |        | | | |                           | |    |  
 | |     _  | | | |  __             __   ,_   | |  __|  
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ $ docker run myfiglet
 Now let's pass extra arguments to the image.
 
 ```bash
-$ docker run myfiglet hola mundo
+$ docker run figlet hola mundo
  _           _                                               
 | |         | |                                      |       
 | |     __  | |  __,     _  _  _           _  _    __|   __  
@@ -262,13 +262,13 @@ We overrode `CMD` but still used `ENTRYPOINT`.
 
 What if we want to run a shell in our container?
 
-We cannot just do `docker run myfiglet bash` because
+We cannot just do `docker run figlet bash` because
 that would just tell figlet to display the word "bash."
 
 We use the `--entrypoint` parameter:
 
 ```bash
-$ docker run -it --entrypoint bash myfiglet
+$ docker run -it --entrypoint bash figlet
 root@6027e44e2955:/# 
 ```
 

slides/containers/Container_Engines.md

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ like Windows, macOS, Solaris, FreeBSD ...
 
 * No notion of image (container filesystems have to be managed manually).
 
-* Networking has to be set up manually.
+* Networking has to be setup manually.
 
 ---
 
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ like Windows, macOS, Solaris, FreeBSD ...
 
 * Strong emphasis on security (through privilege separation).
 
-* Networking has to be set up separately (e.g. through CNI plugins).
+* Networking has to be setup separately (e.g. through CNI plugins).
 
 * Partial image management (pull, but no push).
 
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ We're not aware of anyone using it directly (i.e. outside of Kubernetes).
 
 * Basic image support (tar archives and raw disk images).
 
-* Network has to be set up manually.
+* Network has to be setup manually.
 
 ---
 
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ We're not aware of anyone using it directly (i.e. outside of Kubernetes).
 
 * Run each container in a lightweight virtual machine.
 
-* Requires running on bare metal *or* with nested virtualization.
+* Requires to run on bare metal *or* with nested virtualization.
 
 ---
 

slides/containers/Container_Network_Model.md

@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ When creating a network, extra options can be provided.
 
 * `--ip-range` (in CIDR notation) indicates the subnet to allocate from.
 
-* `--aux-address` allows specifying a list of reserved addresses (which won't be allocated to containers).
+* `--aux-address` allows to specify a list of reserved addresses (which won't be allocated to containers).
 
 ---
 
@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ General idea:
 
 * So far, we have specified which network to use when starting the container.
 
-* The Docker Engine also allows connecting and disconnecting while the container is running.
+* The Docker Engine also allows to connect and disconnect while the container runs.
 
 * This feature is exposed through the Docker API, and through two Docker CLI commands:
 

slides/containers/Dockerfile_Tips.md

@@ -76,78 +76,6 @@ CMD ["python", "app.py"]
 
 ---
 
-## Be careful with `chown`, `chmod`, `mv`
-
-* Layers cannot store efficiently changes in permissions or ownership.
-
-* Layers cannot represent efficiently when a file is moved either.
-
-* As a result, operations like `chown`, `chown`, `mv` can be expensive.
-
-* For instance, in the Dockerfile snippet below, each `RUN` line
-  creates a layer with an entire copy of `some-file`.
-
-  ```dockerfile
-  COPY some-file .
-  RUN chown www-data:www-data some-file
-  RUN chmod 644 some-file
-  RUN mv some-file /var/www
-  ```
-
-* How can we avoid that?
-
----
-
-## Put files on the right place
-
-* Instead of using `mv`, directly put files at the right place.
-
-* When extracting archives (tar, zip...), merge operations in a single layer.
-
-  Example:
-
-  ```dockerfile
-    ...
-    RUN wget http://.../foo.tar.gz \
-     && tar -zxf foo.tar.gz \
-     && mv foo/fooctl /usr/local/bin \
-     && rm -rf foo
-  ...
-  ```
-
----
-
-## Use `COPY --chown`
-
-* The Dockerfile instruction `COPY` can take a `--chown` parameter.
-
-  Examples:
-
-  ```dockerfile
-  ...
-  COPY --chown=1000 some-file .
-  COPY --chown=1000:1000 some-file .
-  COPY --chown=www-data:www-data some-file .
-  ```
-
-* The `--chown` flag can specify a user, or a user:group pair.
-
-* The user and group can be specified as names or numbers.
-
-* When using names, the names must exist in `/etc/passwd` or `/etc/group`.
-
-  *(In the container, not on the host!)*
-
----
-
-## Set correct permissions locally
-
-* Instead of using `chmod`, set the right file permissions locally.
-
-* When files are copied with `COPY`, permissions are preserved.
-
----
-
 ## Embedding unit tests in the build process
 
 ```dockerfile

slides/containers/First_Containers.md

@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ bash: figlet: command not found
 
   * work on project
 
-  * when done, shut down VM
+  * when done, shutdown VM
 
   * next time we need to work on project, restart VM as we left it
 
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ bash: figlet: command not found
 
   * work on project
 
-  * when done, shut down container
+  * when done, shutdown container
 
   * next time we need to work on project, start a new container
 

slides/containers/Local_Development_Workflow.md

@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ Option 3:
 
 * Use a *volume* to mount local files into the container
 * Make changes locally
-* Changes are reflected in the container
+* Changes are reflected into the container
 
 ---
 
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ $ docker run -d -v $(pwd):/src -P namer
 
 * `namer` is the name of the image we will run.
 
-* We don't specify a command to run because it is already set in the Dockerfile via `CMD`.
+* We don't specify a command to run because it is already set in the Dockerfile.
 
 Note: on Windows, replace `$(pwd)` with `%cd%` (or `${pwd}` if you use PowerShell).
 
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ The flag structure is:
 [host-path]:[container-path]:[rw|ro]
 ```
 
-* `[host-path]` and `[container-path]` are created if they don't exist.
+* If `[host-path]` or `[container-path]` doesn't exist it is created.
 
 * You can control the write status of the volume with the `ro` and
   `rw` options.
@@ -255,13 +255,13 @@ color: red;
 
 * Volumes are *not* copying or synchronizing files between the host and the container.
 
-* Volumes are *bind mounts*: a kernel mechanism associating one path with another.
+* Volumes are *bind mounts*: a kernel mechanism associating a path to another.
 
 * Bind mounts are *kind of* similar to symbolic links, but at a very different level.
 
 * Changes made on the host or on the container will be visible on the other side.
 
-  (Under the hood, it's the same file anyway.)
+  (Since under the hood, it's the same file on both anyway.)
 
 ---
 
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ by Chad Fowler, where he explains the concept of immutable infrastructure.)*
 
 --
 
-* Let's majorly mess up our container.
+* Let's mess up majorly with our container.
 
   (Remove files or whatever.)
 
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ and *canary deployments*.
    <br/>
    Use the `-v` flag to mount our source code inside the container.
 
-3. Edit the source code outside the container, using familiar tools.
+3. Edit the source code outside the containers, using regular tools.
    <br/>
    (vim, emacs, textmate...)
 

slides/containers/Namespaces_Cgroups.md

@@ -86,13 +86,13 @@ class: extra-details, deep-dive
 
   - the `unshare()` system call.
 
-- The Linux tool `unshare` allows doing that from a shell.
+- The Linux tool `unshare` allows to do that from a shell.
 
 - A new process can re-use none / all / some of the namespaces of its parent.
 
 - It is possible to "enter" a namespace with the `setns()` system call.
 
-- The Linux tool `nsenter` allows doing that from a shell.
+- The Linux tool `nsenter` allows to do that from a shell.
 
 ---
 
@@ -138,11 +138,11 @@ class: extra-details, deep-dive
 
 - gethostname / sethostname
 
-- Allows setting a custom hostname for a container.
+- Allows to set a custom hostname for a container.
 
 - That's (mostly) it!
 
-- Also allows setting the NIS domain.
+- Also allows to set the NIS domain.
 
   (If you don't know what a NIS domain is, you don't have to worry about it!)
 
@@ -392,13 +392,13 @@ class: extra-details
 
 - Processes can have their own root fs (à la chroot).
 
-- Processes can also have "private" mounts. This allows:
+- Processes can also have "private" mounts. This allows to:
 
-  - isolating `/tmp` (per user, per service...)
+  - isolate `/tmp` (per user, per service...)
 
-  - masking `/proc`, `/sys` (for processes that don't need them)
+  - mask `/proc`, `/sys` (for processes that don't need them)
 
-  - mounting remote filesystems or sensitive data,
+  - mount remote filesystems or sensitive data,
     <br/>but make it visible only for allowed processes
 
 - Mounts can be totally private, or shared.
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ Check `man 2 unshare` and `man pid_namespaces` if you want more details.
 
 ## User namespace
 
-- Allows mapping UID/GID; e.g.:
+- Allows to map UID/GID; e.g.:
 
   - UID 0→1999 in container C1 is mapped to UID 10000→11999 on host
   - UID 0→1999 in container C2 is mapped to UID 12000→13999 on host
@@ -947,7 +947,7 @@ Killed
 
   (i.e., "this group of process used X seconds of CPU0 and Y seconds of CPU1".)
 
-- Allows setting relative weights used by the scheduler.
+- Allows to set relative weights used by the scheduler.
 
 ---
 
@@ -1101,9 +1101,9 @@ See `man capabilities` for the full list and details.
 
 - Original seccomp only allows `read()`, `write()`, `exit()`, `sigreturn()`.
 
-- The seccomp-bpf extension allows specifying custom filters with BPF rules.
+- The seccomp-bpf extension allows to specify custom filters with BPF rules.
 
-- This allows filtering by syscall, and by parameter.
+- This allows to filter by syscall, and by parameter.
 
 - BPF code can perform arbitrarily complex checks, quickly, and safely.
 

slides/containers/Orchestration_Overview.md

@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ Now, how are things for our IAAS provider?
 - Solution: *migrate* VMs and shutdown empty servers
   
   (e.g. combine two hypervisors with 40% load into 80%+0%,
-  <br/>and shut down the one at 0%)
+  <br/>and shutdown the one at 0%)
 
 ---
 
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ Now, how are things for our IAAS provider?
 
 How do we implement this?
 
-- Shut down empty hosts (but keep some spare capacity)
+- Shutdown empty hosts (but keep some spare capacity)
 
 - Start hosts again when capacity gets low
 
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ In practice, these goals often conflict.
 
   - 16 GB RAM, 8 cores, 1 TB disk
 
-- Each week, your team requests:
+- Each week, your team asks:
 
   - one VM with X RAM, Y CPU, Z disk
 

slides/containers/Resource_Limits.md

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
 
 - For memory usage, the mechanism is part of the *cgroup* subsystem.
 
-- This subsystem allows limiting the memory for a process or a group of processes.
+- This subsystem allows to limit the memory for a process or a group of processes.
 
 - A container engine leverages these mechanisms to limit memory for a container.
 

slides/containers/Training_Environment.md

@@ -45,13 +45,13 @@ individual Docker VM.*
 
 - The Docker Engine is a daemon (a service running in the background).
 
-- This daemon manages containers, the same way that a hypervisor manages VMs.
+- This daemon manages containers, the same way that an hypervisor manages VMs.
 
 - We interact with the Docker Engine by using the Docker CLI.
 
 - The Docker CLI and the Docker Engine communicate through an API.
 
-- There are many other programs and client libraries which use that API.
+- There are many other programs, and many client libraries, to use that API.
 
 ---
 

slides/containers/Working_With_Volumes.md

@@ -33,13 +33,13 @@ Docker volumes can be used to achieve many things, including:
 
 * Sharing a *single file* between the host and a container.
 
-* Using remote storage and custom storage with *volume drivers*.
+* Using remote storage and custom storage with "volume drivers".
 
 ---
 
 ## Volumes are special directories in a container
 
-Volumes can be declared in two different ways:
+Volumes can be declared in two different ways.
 
 * Within a `Dockerfile`, with a `VOLUME` instruction.
 
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ Volumes are not anchored to a specific path.
 
 * Volumes are used with the `-v` option.
 
-* When a host path does not contain a `/`, it is considered a volume name.
+* When a host path does not contain a /, it is considered to be a volume name.
 
 Let's start a web server using the two previous volumes.
 
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ $ curl localhost:1234
 
 * In this example, we will run a text editor in the other container.
 
-  (But this could be an FTP server, a WebDAV server, a Git receiver...)
+  (But this could be a FTP server, a WebDAV server, a Git receiver...)
 
 Let's start another container using the `webapps` volume.
 

slides/index.yaml

@@ -1,11 +1,3 @@
-- date: [2019-11-04, 2019-11-05]
-  country: de
-  city: Berlin
-  event: Velocity
-  speaker: jpetazzo
-  title: Deploying and scaling applications with Kubernetes
-  attend: https://conferences.oreilly.com/velocity/vl-eu/public/schedule/detail/79109
-
 - date: 2019-11-13
   country: fr
   city: Marseille
@@ -15,38 +7,6 @@
   lang: fr
   attend: http://2019.devops-dday.com/Workshop.html
 
-- date: 2019-10-30
-  country: us
-  city: Portland, OR
-  event: LISA
-  speaker: jpetazzo
-  title: Deep Dive into Kubernetes Internals for Builders and Operators
-  attend: https://www.usenix.org/conference/lisa19/presentation/petazzoni-tutorial
-
-- date: [2019-10-22, 2019-10-24]
-  country: us
-  city: Charlotte, NC
-  event: Ardan Labs
-  speaker: jpetazzo
-  title: Kubernetes Training
-  attend: https://www.eventbrite.com/e/containers-docker-and-kubernetes-training-for-devs-and-ops-charlotte-nc-november-2019-tickets-73296659281
-
-- date: 2019-10-22
-  country: us
-  city: Charlotte, NC
-  event: Ardan Labs
-  speaker: jpetazzo
-  title: Docker & Containers Training
-  attend: https://www.eventbrite.com/e/containers-docker-and-kubernetes-training-for-devs-and-ops-charlotte-nc-november-2019-tickets-73296659281
-  
-- date: 2019-10-22
-  country: de
-  city: Berlin
-  event: GOTO
-  speaker: bretfisher
-  title: Kubernetes or Swarm? Build Both, Deploy Apps, Learn The Differences
-  attend: https://gotober.com/2019/workshops/194
-
 - date: [2019-09-24, 2019-09-25]
   country: fr
   city: Paris
@@ -55,43 +15,6 @@
   title: Déployer ses applications avec Kubernetes (in French)
   lang: fr
   attend: https://enix.io/fr/services/formation/deployer-ses-applications-avec-kubernetes/
-  slides: https://kube-2019-09.container.training/
-
-- date: 2019-08-27
-  country: tr
-  city: Izmir
-  event: HacknBreak
-  speaker: gurayyildirim
-  title: Deploying and scaling applications with Kubernetes (in Turkish)
-  lang: tr
-  attend: https://hacknbreak.com
-
-- date: 2019-08-26
-  country: tr
-  city: Izmir
-  event: HacknBreak
-  speaker: gurayyildirim
-  title: Container Orchestration with Docker and Swarm (in Turkish)
-  lang: tr
-  attend: https://hacknbreak.com
-
-- date: 2019-08-25
-  country: tr
-  city: Izmir
-  event: HackBreak
-  speaker: gurayyildirim
-  title: Introduction to Docker and Containers (in Turkish)
-  lang: tr
-  attend: https://hacknbreak.com
-
-- date: 2019-07-16
-  country: us
-  city: Portland, OR
-  event: OSCON
-  speaker: bridgetkromhout
-  title: "Kubernetes 201: Production tooling"
-  attend: https://conferences.oreilly.com/oscon/oscon-or/public/schedule/detail/76390
-  slides: https://oscon2019.container.training
 
 - date: 2019-06-17
   country: ca
@@ -108,7 +31,6 @@
   title: Kubernetes for administrators and operators
   speaker: jpetazzo
   attend: https://conferences.oreilly.com/velocity/vl-ca/public/schedule/detail/75313
-  slides: https://kadm-2019-06.container.training/
 
 - date: 2019-05-01
   country: us

slides/intro-fullday.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+title: |
+  Introduction
+  to Containers
+
+chat: "[Slack](https://dockercommunity.slack.com/messages/C7GKACWDV)"
+#chat: "[Gitter](https://gitter.im/jpetazzo/workshop-yyyymmdd-city)"
+
+gitrepo: github.com/jpetazzo/container.training
+
+slides: http://container.training/
+
+exclude:
+- self-paced
+
+chapters:
+- shared/title.md
+- logistics.md
+- containers/intro.md
+- shared/about-slides.md
+- shared/toc.md
+- - containers/Docker_Overview.md
+  #- containers/Docker_History.md
+  - containers/Training_Environment.md
+  - containers/Installing_Docker.md
+  - containers/First_Containers.md
+  - containers/Background_Containers.md
+  - containers/Start_And_Attach.md
+- - containers/Initial_Images.md
+  - containers/Building_Images_Interactively.md
+  - containers/Building_Images_With_Dockerfiles.md
+  - containers/Cmd_And_Entrypoint.md
+- - containers/Copying_Files_During_Build.md
+  - containers/Exercise_Dockerfile_Basic.md
+  - containers/Multi_Stage_Builds.md
+  - containers/Publishing_To_Docker_Hub.md
+  - containers/Dockerfile_Tips.md
+  - containers/Exercise_Dockerfile_Advanced.md
+- - containers/Naming_And_Inspecting.md
+  - containers/Labels.md
+  - containers/Getting_Inside.md
+  - containers/Resource_Limits.md
+- - containers/Container_Networking_Basics.md
+  - containers/Network_Drivers.md
+  - containers/Container_Network_Model.md
+  #- containers/Connecting_Containers_With_Links.md
+  - containers/Ambassadors.md
+- - containers/Local_Development_Workflow.md
+  - containers/Windows_Containers.md
+  - containers/Working_With_Volumes.md
+  - containers/Compose_For_Dev_Stacks.md
+  - containers/Exercise_Composefile.md
+- - containers/Docker_Machine.md
+  - containers/Advanced_Dockerfiles.md
+  - containers/Application_Configuration.md
+  - containers/Logging.md
+- - containers/Namespaces_Cgroups.md
+  - containers/Copy_On_Write.md
+  #- containers/Containers_From_Scratch.md
+- - containers/Container_Engines.md
+  #- containers/Ecosystem.md
+  - containers/Orchestration_Overview.md
+  - shared/thankyou.md
+  - containers/links.md

slides/intro-selfpaced.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+title: |
+  Introduction
+  to Containers
+
+chat: "[Slack](https://dockercommunity.slack.com/messages/C7GKACWDV)"
+#chat: "[Gitter](https://gitter.im/jpetazzo/workshop-yyyymmdd-city)"
+
+gitrepo: github.com/jpetazzo/container.training
+
+slides: http://container.training/
+
+exclude:
+- in-person
+
+chapters:
+- shared/title.md
+# - shared/logistics.md
+- containers/intro.md
+- shared/about-slides.md
+- shared/toc.md
+- - containers/Docker_Overview.md
+  - containers/Docker_History.md
+  - containers/Training_Environment.md
+  - containers/Installing_Docker.md
+  - containers/First_Containers.md
+  - containers/Background_Containers.md
+  - containers/Start_And_Attach.md
+- - containers/Initial_Images.md
+  - containers/Building_Images_Interactively.md
+  - containers/Building_Images_With_Dockerfiles.md
+  - containers/Cmd_And_Entrypoint.md
+  - containers/Copying_Files_During_Build.md
+  - containers/Exercise_Dockerfile_Basic.md
+- - containers/Multi_Stage_Builds.md
+  - containers/Publishing_To_Docker_Hub.md
+  - containers/Dockerfile_Tips.md
+  - containers/Exercise_Dockerfile_Advanced.md
+- - containers/Naming_And_Inspecting.md
+  - containers/Labels.md
+  - containers/Getting_Inside.md
+- - containers/Container_Networking_Basics.md
+  - containers/Network_Drivers.md
+  - containers/Container_Network_Model.md
+  #- containers/Connecting_Containers_With_Links.md
+  - containers/Ambassadors.md
+- - containers/Local_Development_Workflow.md
+  - containers/Windows_Containers.md
+  - containers/Working_With_Volumes.md
+  - containers/Compose_For_Dev_Stacks.md
+  - containers/Exercise_Composefile.md
+  - containers/Docker_Machine.md
+- - containers/Advanced_Dockerfiles.md
+  - containers/Application_Configuration.md
+  - containers/Logging.md
+  - containers/Resource_Limits.md
+- - containers/Namespaces_Cgroups.md
+  - containers/Copy_On_Write.md
+  #- containers/Containers_From_Scratch.md
+- - containers/Container_Engines.md
+  - containers/Ecosystem.md
+  - containers/Orchestration_Overview.md
+  - shared/thankyou.md
+  - containers/links.md

slides/k8s/architecture.md

@@ -356,9 +356,9 @@ We demonstrated *update* and *watch* semantics.
 
   - we create a Deployment object
 
-  - the Deployment controller notices it, and creates a ReplicaSet
+  - the Deployment controller notices it, creates a ReplicaSet
 
-  - the ReplicaSet controller notices the ReplicaSet, and creates a Pod
+  - the ReplicaSet controller notices it, creates a Pod
 
 ---
 

slides/k8s/authn-authz.md

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 - When the API server receives a request, it tries to authenticate it
 
-  (it examines headers, certificates... anything available)
+  (it examines headers, certificates ... anything available)
 
 - Many authentication methods are available and can be used simultaneously
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
   - the user ID
   - a list of groups
 
-- The API server doesn't interpret these; that'll be the job of *authorizers*
+- The API server doesn't interpret these; it'll be the job of *authorizers*
 
 ---
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 
 - [HTTP basic auth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_access_authentication)
 
-  (carrying user and password in an HTTP header)
+  (carrying user and password in a HTTP header)
 
 - Authentication proxy
 
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
 
   (i.e. they are not stored in etcd or anywhere else)
 
-- Users can be created (and added to groups) independently of the API
+- Users can be created (and given membership to groups) independently of the API
 
 - The Kubernetes API can be set up to use your custom CA to validate client certs
 
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
   (the kind that you can view with `kubectl get secrets`)
 
-- Service accounts are generally used to grant permissions to applications, services...
+- Service accounts are generally used to grant permissions to applications, services ...
 
   (as opposed to humans)
 
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
 .exercise[
 
-- The resource name is `serviceaccount` or `sa` for short:
+- The resource name is `serviceaccount` or `sa` in short:
   ```bash
   kubectl get sa
   ```
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
 - The API "sees" us as a different user
 
-- But neither user has any rights, so we can't do nothin'
+- But neither user has any right, so we can't do nothin'
 
 - Let's change that!
 
@@ -339,9 +339,9 @@ class: extra-details
 
 - A rule is a combination of:
 
-  - [verbs](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authorization/#determine-the-request-verb) like create, get, list, update, delete...
+  - [verbs](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authorization/#determine-the-request-verb) like create, get, list, update, delete ...
 
-  - resources (as in "API resource," like pods, nodes, services...)
+  - resources (as in "API resource", like pods, nodes, services ...)
 
   - resource names (to specify e.g. one specific pod instead of all pods)
 
@@ -375,13 +375,13 @@ class: extra-details
 
 - We can also define API resources ClusterRole and ClusterRoleBinding
 
-- These are a superset, allowing us to:
+- These are a superset, allowing to:
 
   - specify actions on cluster-wide objects (like nodes)
 
   - operate across all namespaces
 
-- We can create Role and RoleBinding resources within a namespace
+- We can create Role and RoleBinding resources within a namespaces
 
 - ClusterRole and ClusterRoleBinding resources are global
 
@@ -389,13 +389,13 @@ class: extra-details
 
 ## Pods and service accounts
 
-- A pod can be associated with a service account
+- A pod can be associated to a service account
 
-  - by default, it is associated with the `default` service account
+  - by default, it is associated to the `default` service account
 
-  - as we saw earlier, this service account has no permissions anyway
+  - as we've seen earlier, this service account has no permission anyway
 
-- The associated token is exposed to the pod's filesystem
+- The associated token is exposed into the pod's filesystem
 
   (in `/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token`)
 
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
 ]
 
-It's important to note a couple of details in these flags...
+It's important to note a couple of details in these flags ...
 
 ---
 
@@ -493,13 +493,13 @@ It's important to note a couple of details in these flags...
 
   - again, the command would have worked fine (no error)
 
-  - ...but our API requests would have been denied later
+  - ... but our API requests would have been denied later
 
 - What's about the `default:` prefix?
 
   - that's the namespace of the service account
 
-  - yes, it could be inferred from context, but... `kubectl` requires it
+  - yes, it could be inferred from context, but ... `kubectl` requires it
 
 ---
 
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
 *In many situations, these roles will be all you need.*
 
-*You can also customize them!*
+*You can also customize them if needed!*
 
 ---
 
@@ -652,7 +652,7 @@ class: extra-details
   kubectl describe clusterrolebinding cluster-admin
   ```
 
-- This binding associates `system:masters` with the cluster role `cluster-admin`
+- This binding associates `system:masters` to the cluster role `cluster-admin`
 
 - And the `cluster-admin` is, basically, `root`:
   ```bash
@@ -667,7 +667,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
 - For auditing purposes, sometimes we want to know who can perform an action
 
-- There is a proof-of-concept tool by Aqua Security which does exactly that:
+- Here is a proof-of-concept tool by Aqua Security, doing exactly that:
 
   https://github.com/aquasecurity/kubectl-who-can
 

slides/k8s/buildshiprun-dockerhub.md

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
   **make sure that you set `$REGISTRY` and `$TAG` first!**
 
 - For example:
-  ```bash
+  ```
   export REGISTRY=dockercoins TAG=v0.1
   ```
 

slides/k8s/cloud-controller-manager.md

@@ -20,15 +20,15 @@
 
 - Configuring routing tables in the cloud network (specific to GCE)
 
-- Updating node labels to indicate region, zone, instance type...
+- Updating node labels to indicate region, zone, instance type ...
 
 - Obtain node name, internal and external addresses from cloud metadata service
 
 - Deleting nodes from Kubernetes when they're deleted in the cloud
 
-- Managing *some* volumes (e.g. ELBs, AzureDisks...)
+- Managing *some* volumes (e.g. ELBs, AzureDisks ...)
 
-  (Eventually, volumes will be managed by the Container Storage Interface)
+  (Eventually, volumes will be managed by the CSI)
 
 ---
 
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ The list includes the following providers:
 
 ## Audience questions
 
-- What kind of clouds are you using/planning to use?
+- What kind of clouds are you using / planning to use?
 
 - What kind of details would you like to see in this section?
 
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ The list includes the following providers:
 
 - When using managed clusters, this is done automatically
 
-- There is very little documentation on writing the configuration file
+- There is very little documentation to write the configuration file
 
   (except for OpenStack)
 
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ The list includes the following providers:
 
 - To get these addresses, the node needs to communicate with the control plane
 
-- ...Which means joining the cluster
+- ... Which means joining the cluster
 
 (The problem didn't occur when cloud-specific code was running in kubelet: kubelet could obtain the required information directly from the cloud provider's metadata service.)
 

slides/k8s/cluster-backup.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
   - error recovery (human or process has altered or corrupted data)
 
-  - cloning environments (for testing, validation...)
+  - cloning environments (for testing, validation ...)
 
 - Let's see the strategies and tools available with Kubernetes!
 
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@
 
   (it gives us replication primitives)
 
-- Kubernetes helps us clone / replicate environments
+- Kubernetes helps us to clone / replicate environments
 
   (all resources can be described with manifests)
 
 - Kubernetes *does not* help us with error recovery
 
-- We still need to back up/snapshot our data:
+- We still need to backup / snapshot our data:
 
   - with database backups (mysqldump, pgdump, etc.)
 
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@
 
 - If our deployment system isn't fully automated, it should at least be documented
 
-- Litmus test: how long does it take to deploy a cluster...
+- Litmus test: how long does it take to deploy a cluster ...
 
   - for a senior engineer?
 
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@
 
 - Does it require external intervention?
 
-  (e.g. provisioning servers, signing TLS certs...)
+  (e.g. provisioning servers, signing TLS certs ...)
 
 ---
 
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
 
 - For real applications: add resources (as YAML files)
 
-- For applications deployed multiple times: Helm, Kustomize...
+- For applications deployed multiple times: Helm, Kustomize ...
 
   (staging and production count as "multiple times")
 

slides/k8s/cluster-upgrade.md

@@ -10,8 +10,6 @@
 
 - Components can be upgraded one at a time without problems
 
-<!-- ##VERSION## -->
-
 ---
 
 ## Checking what we're running
@@ -168,7 +166,7 @@
 
 - Upgrade kubelet:
   ```bash
-  sudo apt install kubelet=1.15.3-00
+  apt install kubelet=1.14.2-00
   ```
 
 ]
@@ -228,7 +226,7 @@
   sudo vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
   ```
 
-- Look for the `image:` line, and update it to e.g. `v1.15.0`
+- Look for the `image:` line, and update it to e.g. `v1.14.0`
 
 ]
 
@@ -262,52 +260,14 @@
   sudo kubeadm upgrade plan
   ```
 
-]
+  (Note: kubeadm is confused by our manual upgrade of the API server.
+  <br/>It thinks the cluster is running 1.14.0!)
 
-Note 1: kubeadm thinks that our cluster is running 1.15.0.
-<br/>It is confused by our manual upgrade of the API server!
-
-Note 2: kubeadm itself is still version 1.14.6.
-<br/>It doesn't know how to upgrade do 1.15.X.
-
----
-
-## Upgrading kubeadm
-
-- First things first: we need to upgrade kubeadm
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Upgrade kubeadm:
-  ```
-  sudo apt install kubeadm
-  ```
-
-- Check what kubeadm tells us:
-  ```
-  sudo kubeadm upgrade plan
-  ```
-
-]
-
-Note: kubeadm still thinks that our cluster is running 1.15.0.
-<br/>But at least it knows about version 1.15.X now.
-
----
-
-## Upgrading the cluster with kubeadm
-
-- Ideally, we should revert our `image:` change
-
-  (so that kubeadm executes the right migration steps)
-
-- Or we can try the upgrade anyway
-
-.exercise[
+<!-- ##VERSION## -->
 
 - Perform the upgrade:
   ```bash
-  sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.15.3
+  sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.14.2
   ```
 
 ]
@@ -327,8 +287,8 @@ Note: kubeadm still thinks that our cluster is running 1.15.0.
 - Download the configuration on each node, and upgrade kubelet:
   ```bash
     for N in 1 2 3; do
-      ssh test$N sudo kubeadm upgrade node config --kubelet-version v1.15.3
-      ssh test$N sudo apt install kubelet=1.15.3-00
+    	ssh node$N sudo kubeadm upgrade node config --kubelet-version v1.14.2
+  	  ssh node $N sudo apt install kubelet=1.14.2-00
     done
   ```
 ]
@@ -337,7 +297,7 @@ Note: kubeadm still thinks that our cluster is running 1.15.0.
 
 ## Checking what we've done
 
-- All our nodes should now be updated to version 1.15.3
+- All our nodes should now be updated to version 1.14.2
 
 .exercise[
 
@@ -347,19 +307,3 @@ Note: kubeadm still thinks that our cluster is running 1.15.0.
   ```
 
 ]
-
----
-
-class: extra-details
-
-## Skipping versions
-
-- This example worked because we went from 1.14 to 1.15
-
-- If you are upgrading from e.g. 1.13, you will generally have to go through 1.14 first
-
-- This means upgrading kubeadm to 1.14.X, then using it to upgrade the cluster
-
-- Then upgrading kubeadm to 1.15.X, etc.
-
-- **Make sure to read the release notes before upgrading!**

slides/k8s/cni.md

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 
 The reference plugins are available [here].
 
-Look in each plugin's directory for its documentation.
+Look into each plugin's directory for its documentation.
 
 [here]: https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/tree/master/plugins
 
@@ -66,8 +66,6 @@ Look in each plugin's directory for its documentation.
 
 ---
 
-class: extra-details
-
 ## Conf vs conflist
 
 - There are two slightly different configuration formats
@@ -100,7 +98,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
   - CNI_NETNS: path to network namespace file
 
-  - CNI_IFNAME: what the network interface should be named
+  - CNI_IFNAME: how the network interface should be named
 
 - The network configuration must be provided to the plugin on stdin
 
@@ -190,16 +188,12 @@ class: extra-details
 
 - ... But this time, the controller manager will allocate `podCIDR` subnets
 
-  (so that we don't have to manually assign subnets to individual nodes)
+- We will start kube-router with a DaemonSet
 
-- We will create a DaemonSet for kube-router
-
-- We will join nodes to the cluster
-
-- The DaemonSet will automatically start a kube-router pod on each node
+- This DaemonSet will start one instance of kube-router on each node
 
 ---
-
+  
 ## Logging into the new cluster
 
 .exercise[
@@ -227,7 +221,7 @@ class: extra-details
 - It is similar to the one we used with the `kubenet` cluster
 
 - The API server is started with `--allow-privileged`
-
+  
   (because we will start kube-router in privileged pods)
 
 - The controller manager is started with extra flags too:
@@ -260,7 +254,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
 ---
 
-## The kube-router DaemonSet
+## The kube-router DaemonSet 
 
 - In the same directory, there is a `kuberouter.yaml` file
 
@@ -278,7 +272,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
 - The address of the API server will be `http://A.B.C.D:8080`
 
-  (where `A.B.C.D` is the public address of `kuberouter1`, running the control plane)
+  (where `A.B.C.D` is the address of `kuberouter1`, running the control plane)
 
 .exercise[
 
@@ -306,10 +300,12 @@ Note: the DaemonSet won't create any pods (yet) since there are no nodes (yet).
 
 - Generate the kubeconfig file (replacing `X.X.X.X` with the address of `kuberouter1`):
   ```bash
-    kubectl config set-cluster cni --server http://`X.X.X.X`:8080
-    kubectl config set-context cni --cluster cni
-    kubectl config use-context cni
-    cp ~/.kube/config ~/kubeconfig
+    kubectl --kubeconfig ~/kubeconfig config \
+            set-cluster kubenet --server http://`X.X.X.X`:8080
+    kubectl --kubeconfig ~/kubeconfig config \
+            set-context kubenet --cluster kubenet
+    kubectl --kubeconfig ~/kubeconfig config\
+            use-context kubenet
   ```
 
 ]
@@ -455,7 +451,7 @@ We should see the local pod CIDR connected to `kube-bridge`, and the other nodes
 
 - Or try to exec into one of the kube-router pods:
   ```bash
-  kubectl -n kube-system exec kube-router-xxxxx bash
+  kubectl -n kube-system exec kuber-router-xxxxx bash
   ```
 
 ]
@@ -491,8 +487,8 @@ What does that mean?
 
 - First, get the container ID, with `docker ps` or like this:
   ```bash
-  CID=$(docker ps -q \
-        --filter label=io.kubernetes.pod.namespace=kube-system \
+  CID=$(docker ps
+        --filter label=io.kubernetes.pod.namespace=kube-system
         --filter label=io.kubernetes.container.name=kube-router)
   ```
 
@@ -577,7 +573,7 @@ done
 
 ## Starting the route reflector
 
-- Only do this slide if you are doing this on your own
+- Only do this if you are doing this on your own
 
 - There is a Compose file in the `compose/frr-route-reflector` directory
 
@@ -603,13 +599,13 @@ done
 
 ## Updating kube-router configuration
 
-- We need to pass two command-line flags to the kube-router process
+- We need to add two command-line flags to the kube-router process
 
 .exercise[
 
 - Edit the `kuberouter.yaml` file
 
-- Add the following flags to the kube-router arguments:
+- Add the following flags to the kube-router arguments,:
   ```
   - "--peer-router-ips=`X.X.X.X`"
   - "--peer-router-asns=64512"

slides/k8s/concepts-k8s.md

@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
 - In that case, there is no "master node"
 
-*For this reason, it is more accurate to say "control plane" rather than "master."*
+*For this reason, it is more accurate to say "control plane" rather than "master".*
 
 ---
 

slides/k8s/configuration.md

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 - There are many ways to pass configuration to code running in a container:
 
-  - baking it into a custom image
+  - baking it in a custom image
 
   - command-line arguments
 
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
 
 - We can also use a mechanism called the *downward API*
 
-- The downward API allows exposing pod or container information
+- The downward API allows to expose pod or container information
 
   - either through special files (we won't show that for now)
 
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ We should see connections served by Google, and others served by IBM.
 
 - We are going to store the port number in a configmap
 
-- Then we will expose that configmap as a container environment variable
+- Then we will expose that configmap to a container environment variable
 
 ---
 

slides/k8s/control-plane-auth.md

@@ -1,265 +0,0 @@
-# Securing the control plane
-
-- Many components accept connections (and requests) from others:
-
-  - API server
-
-  - etcd
-
-  - kubelet
-
-- We must secure these connections:
-
-  - to deny unauthorized requests
-
-  - to prevent eavesdropping secrets, tokens, and other sensitive information
-
-- Disabling authentication and/or authorization is **strongly discouraged**
-
-  (but it's possible to do it, e.g. for learning / troubleshooting purposes)
-
----
-
-## Authentication and authorization
-
-- Authentication (checking "who you are") is done with mutual TLS
-
- (both the client and the server need to hold a valid certificate)
-
-- Authorization (checking "what you can do") is done in different ways
-
-  - the API server implements a sophisticated permission logic (with RBAC)
-  
-  - some services will defer authorization to the API server (through webhooks)
-
-  - some services require a certificate signed by a particular CA / sub-CA
-
----
-
-## In practice
-
-- We will review the various communication channels in the control plane
-
-- We will describe how they are secured
-
-- When TLS certificates are used, we will indicate:
-
-  - which CA signs them
-
-  - what their subject (CN) should be, when applicable
-
-- We will indicate how to configure security (client- and server-side)
-
----
-
-## etcd peers
-
-- Replication and coordination of etcd happens on a dedicated port
-
-  (typically port 2380; the default port for normal client connections is 2379)
-
-- Authentication uses TLS certificates with a separate sub-CA
-
-  (otherwise, anyone with a Kubernetes client certificate could access etcd!)
-
-- The etcd command line flags involved are:
-
-   `--peer-client-cert-auth=true` to activate it
-
-   `--peer-cert-file`, `--peer-key-file`, `--peer-trusted-ca-file`
-
----
-
-## etcd clients
-
-- The only¹ thing that connects to etcd is the API server
-
-- Authentication uses TLS certificates with a separate sub-CA
-
-  (for the same reasons as for etcd inter-peer authentication)
-
-- The etcd command line flags involved are:
-
-  `--client-cert-auth=true` to activate it
-
-  `--trusted-ca-file`, `--cert-file`, `--key-file`
-
-- The API server command line flags involved are:
-
-  `--etcd-cafile`, `--etcd-certfile`, `--etcd-keyfile`
-
-.footnote[¹Technically, there is also the etcd healthcheck. Let's ignore it for now.]
-
----
-
-## API server clients
-
-- The API server has a sophisticated authentication and authorization system
-
-- For connections coming from other components of the control plane:
-
-  - authentication uses certificates (trusting the certificates' subject or CN)
-
-  - authorization uses whatever mechanism is enabled (most oftentimes, RBAC)
-
-- The relevant API server flags are:
-
-  `--client-ca-file`, `--tls-cert-file`, `--tls-private-key-file`
-
-- Each component connecting to the API server takes a `--kubeconfig` flag
-
-  (to specify a kubeconfig file containing the CA cert, client key, and client cert)
-
-- Yes, that kubeconfig file follows the same format as our `~/.kube/config` file!
-
----
-
-## Kubelet and API server
-
-- Communication between kubelet and API server can be established both ways
-
-- Kubelet → API server:
-
-  - kubelet registers itself ("hi, I'm node42, do you have work for me?")
-
-  - connection is kept open and re-established if it breaks
-
-  - that's how the kubelet knows which pods to start/stop
-
-- API server → kubelet:
-
-  - used to retrieve logs, exec, attach to containers
-
----
-
-## Kubelet → API server
-
-- Kubelet is started with `--kubeconfig` with API server information
-
-- The client certificate of the kubelet will typically have:
-
-  `CN=system:node:<nodename>` and groups `O=system:nodes`
-
-- Nothing special on the API server side
-
-  (it will authenticate like any other client)
-
----
-
-## API server → kubelet
-
-- Kubelet is started with the flag `--client-ca-file`
-
-  (typically using the same CA as the API server)
-
-- API server will use a dedicated key pair when contacting kubelet
-
-  (specified with `--kubelet-client-certificate` and `--kubelet-client-key`)
-
-- Authorization uses webhooks
-
-  (enabled with `--authorization-mode=Webhook` on kubelet)
-
-- The webhook server is the API server itself
-
-  (the kubelet sends back a request to the API server to ask, "can this person do that?")
-
----
-
-## Scheduler
-
-- The scheduler connects to the API server like an ordinary client
-
-- The certificate of the scheduler will have `CN=system:kube-scheduler`
-
----
-
-## Controller manager
-
-- The controller manager is also a normal client to the API server
-
-- Its certificate will have `CN=system:kube-controller-manager`
-
-- If we use the CSR API, the controller manager needs the CA cert and key
-
-  (passed with flags `--cluster-signing-cert-file` and `--cluster-signing-key-file`)
-
-- We usually want the controller manager to generate tokens for service accounts
-
-- These tokens deserve some details (on the next slide!)
-
----
-
-## Service account tokens
-
-- Each time we create a service account, the controller manager generates a token
-
-- These tokens are JWT tokens, signed with a particular key
-
-- These tokens are used for authentication with the API server
-
-  (and therefore, the API server needs to be able to verify their integrity)
-
-- This uses another keypair:
-
-  - the private key (used for signature) is passed to the controller manager
-    <br/>(using flags `--service-account-private-key-file` and `--root-ca-file`)
-
-  - the public key (used for verification) is passed to the API server
-    <br/>(using flag `--service-account-key-file`)
-
----
-
-## kube-proxy
-
-- kube-proxy is "yet another API server client"
-
-- In many clusters, it runs as a Daemon Set
-
-- In that case, it will have its own Service Account and associated permissions
-
-- It will authenticate using the token of that Service Account
-
----
-
-## Webhooks
-
-- We mentioned webhooks earlier; how does that really work?
-
-- The Kubernetes API has special resource types to check permissions
-
-- One of them is SubjectAccessReview
-
-- To check if a particular user can do a particular action on a particular resource:
-
-  - we prepare a SubjectAccessReview object
-
-  - we send that object to the API server
-
-  - the API server responds with allow/deny (and optional explanations)
-
-- Using webhooks for authorization = sending SAR to authorize each request
-
----
-
-## Subject Access Review
-
-Here is an example showing how to check if `jean.doe` can `get` some `pods` in `kube-system`:
-
-```bash
-kubectl -v9 create -f- <<EOF
-apiVersion: authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
-kind: SubjectAccessReview
-spec:
-  user: jean.doe
-  group:
-  - foo
-  - bar
-  resourceAttributes:
-    #group: blah.k8s.io
-    namespace: kube-system
-    resource: pods
-    verb: get
-    #name: web-xyz1234567-pqr89
-EOF
-```

slides/k8s/create-chart.md

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
   ```bash
 
 	while read kind name; do
-	  kubectl get -o yaml $kind $name > dockercoins/templates/$name-$kind.yaml
+	  kubectl get -o yaml --export $kind $name > dockercoins/templates/$name-$kind.yaml
 	done <<EOF
 	deployment worker
 	deployment hasher

slides/k8s/create-more-charts.md

@@ -1,367 +0,0 @@
-# Creating Helm charts
-
-- We are going to create a generic Helm chart
-
-- We will use that Helm chart to deploy DockerCoins
-
-- Each component of DockerCoins will have its own *release*
-
-- In other words, we will "install" that Helm chart multiple times
-
-  (one time per component of DockerCoins)
-
----
-
-## Creating a generic chart
-
-- Rather than starting from scratch, we will use `helm create`
-
-- This will give us a basic chart that we will customize
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Create a basic chart:
-  ```bash
-  cd ~
-  helm create helmcoins
-  ```
-
-]
-
-This creates a basic chart in the directory `helmcoins`.
-
----
-
-## What's in the basic chart?
-
-- The basic chart will create a Deployment and a Service
-
-- Optionally, it will also include an Ingress
-
-- If we don't pass any values, it will deploy the `nginx` image
-
-- We can override many things in that chart
-
-- Let's try to deploy DockerCoins components with that chart!
-
----
-
-## Writing `values.yaml` for our components
-
-- We need to write one `values.yaml` file for each component
-
-  (hasher, redis, rng, webui, worker)
-
-- We will start with the `values.yaml` of the chart, and remove what we don't need
-
-- We will create 5 files:
-
-  hasher.yaml, redis.yaml, rng.yaml, webui.yaml, worker.yaml
-
----
-
-## Getting started
-
-- For component X, we want to use the image dockercoins/X:v0.1
-
-  (for instance, for rng, we want to use the image dockercoins/rng:v0.1)
-
-- Exception: for redis, we want to use the official image redis:latest
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Write minimal YAML files for the 5 components, specifying only the image
-
-]
-
---
-
-*Hint: our YAML files should look like this.*
-
-```yaml
-### rng.yaml
-image:
-  repository: dockercoins/`rng`
-  tag: v0.1
-```
-
----
-
-## Deploying DockerCoins components
-
-- For convenience, let's work in a separate namespace
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Create a new namespace:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl create namespace helmcoins
-  ```
-
-- Switch to that namespace:
-  ```bash
-  kns helmcoins
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Deploying the chart
-
-- To install a chart, we can use the following command:
-  ```bash
-  helm install [--name `X`] <chart>
-  ```
-
-- We can also use the following command, which is idempotent:
-  ```bash
-  helm upgrade --install `X` chart
-  ```
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Install the 5 components of DockerCoins:
-  ```bash
-    for COMPONENT in hasher redis rng webui worker; do
-      helm upgrade --install $COMPONENT helmcoins/ --values=$COMPONENT.yaml
-    done
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Checking what we've done
-
-- Let's see if DockerCoins is working!
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Check the logs of the worker:
-  ```bash
-  stern worker
-  ```
-
-- Look at the resources that were created:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get all
-  ```
-
-]
-
-There are *many* issues to fix!
-
----
-
-## Service names
-
-- Our services should be named `rng`, `hasher`, etc., but they are named differently
-
-- Look at the YAML template used for the services
-
-- Does it look like we can override the name of the services?
-
---
-
-- *Yes*, we can use `.Values.nameOverride`
-
-- This means setting `nameOverride` in the values YAML file
-
----
-
-## Setting service names
-
-- Let's add `nameOverride: X` in each values YAML file!
-
-  (where X is hasher, redis, rng, etc.)
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Edit the 5 YAML files to add `nameOverride: X`
-
-- Deploy the updated Chart:
-  ```bash
-    for COMPONENT in hasher redis rng webui worker; do
-      helm upgrade --install $COMPONENT helmcoins/ --values=$COMPONENT.yaml
-    done
-  ```
-  (Yes, this is exactly the same command as before!)
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Checking what we've done
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Check the service names:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get services
-  ```
-  Great! (We have a useless service for `worker`, but let's ignore it for now.)
-
-- Check the state of the pods:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get pods
-  ```
-  Not so great... Some pods are *not ready.*
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Troubleshooting pods
-
-- The easiest way to troubleshoot pods is to look at *events*
-
-- We can look at all the events on the cluster (with `kubectl get events`)
-
-- Or we can use `kubectl describe` on the objects that have problems
-
-  (`kubectl describe` will retrieve the events related to the object)
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Check the events for the redis pods:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl describe pod -l app.kubernetes.io/name=redis
-  ```
-
-]
-
-What's going on?
-
----
-
-## Healthchecks
-
-- The default chart defines healthchecks doing HTTP requests on port 80
-
-- That won't work for redis and worker
-
-  (redis is not HTTP, and not on port 80; worker doesn't even listen)
-
---
-
-- We could comment out the healthchecks
-
-- We could also make them conditional
-
-- This sounds more interesting, let's do that!
-
----
-
-## Conditionals
-
-- We need to enclose the healthcheck block with:
-
-  `{{ if CONDITION }}` at the beginning
-
-  `{{ end }}` at the end
-
-- For the condition, we will use `.Values.healthcheck`
-
----
-
-## Updating the deployment template
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Edit `helmcoins/templates/deployment.yaml`
-
-- Before the healthchecks section (it starts with `livenessProbe:`), add:
-
-  `{{ if .Values.healthcheck }}`
-
-- After the healthchecks section (just before `resources:`), add:
-
-  `{{ end }}`
-
-- Edit `hasher.yaml`, `rng.yaml`, `webui.yaml` to add:
-
-  `healthcheck: true`
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Update the deployed charts
-
-- We can now apply the new templates (and the new values)
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Use the same command as earlier to upgrade all five components
-
-- Use `kubectl describe` to confirm that `redis` starts correctly
-
-- Use `kubectl describe` to confirm that `hasher` still has healthchecks
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Is it working now?
-
-- If we look at the worker logs, it appears that the worker is still stuck
-
-- What could be happening?
-
---
-
-- The redis service is not on port 80!
-
-- We need to update the port number in redis.yaml
-
-- We also need to update the port number in deployment.yaml
-
-  (it is hard-coded to 80 there)
-
----
-
-## Setting the redis port
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Edit `redis.yaml` to add:
-  ```yaml
-    service:
-      port: 6379
-  ```
-
-- Edit `helmcoins/templates/deployment.yaml`
-
-- The line with `containerPort` should be:
-  ```yaml
-  containerPort: {{ .Values.service.port }}
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Apply changes
-
-- Re-run the for loop to execute `helm upgrade` one more time
-
-- Check the worker logs
-
-- This time, it should be working!
-
----
-
-## Extra steps
-
-- We don't need to create a service for the worker
-
-- We can put the whole service block in a conditional
-
-  (this will require additional changes in other files referencing the service)
-
-- We can set the webui to be a NodePort service
-
-- We can change the number of workers with `replicaCount`
-
-- And much more!

slides/k8s/csr-api.md

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@
 
   (and vice versa)
 
-- If I use someone's public key to encrypt/decrypt their messages,
+- If I use someone's public key to encrypt / decrypt their messages,
   <br/>
   I can be certain that I am talking to them / they are talking to me
 
@@ -58,11 +58,11 @@
 
 This is what I do if I want to obtain a certificate.
 
-1. Create public and private keys.
+1. Create public and private key.
 
 2. Create a Certificate Signing Request (CSR).
 
-   (The CSR contains the identity that I claim and a public key.)
+   (The CSR contains the identity that I claim and an expiration date.)
 
 3. Send that CSR to the Certificate Authority (CA).
 
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ The CA (or anyone else) never needs to know my private key.
 
   (= upload a CSR to the Kubernetes API)
 
-- Then, using the Kubernetes API, we can approve/deny the request
+- Then, using the Kubernetes API, we can approve / deny the request
 
 - If we approve the request, the Kubernetes API generates a certificate
 
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ The CA (or anyone else) never needs to know my private key.
 
 - Users can then retrieve their certificate from their CSR object
 
-- ...And use that certificate for subsequent interactions
+- ... And use that certificate for subsequent interactions
 
 ---
 
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ For a user named `jean.doe`, we will have:
 - Let's use OpenSSL; it's not the best one, but it's installed everywhere
 
   (many people prefer cfssl, easyrsa, or other tools; that's fine too!)
-
+ 
 .exercise[
 
 - Generate the key and certificate signing request:
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ For a user named `jean.doe`, we will have:
 
 The command above generates:
 
-- a 2048-bit RSA key, without encryption, stored in key.pem
+- a 2048-bit RSA key, without DES encryption, stored in key.pem
 - a CSR for the name `jean.doe` in group `devs`
 
 ---
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ The command above generates:
   kctx -
   ```
 
-- Retrieve the updated CSR object and extract the certificate:
+- Retrieve the certificate from the CSR:
   ```bash
   kubectl get csr users:jean.doe \
           -o jsonpath={.status.certificate} \
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ The command above generates:
 
 ## What's missing?
 
-We have just shown, step by step, a method to issue short-lived certificates for users.
+We shown, step by step, a method to issue short-lived certificates for users.
 
 To be usable in real environments, we would need to add:
 
@@ -417,7 +417,7 @@ To be usable in real environments, we would need to add:
 
 - This provides enhanced security:
 
-  - the long-term credentials can use long passphrases, 2FA, HSM...
+  - the long-term credentials can use long passphrases, 2FA, HSM ...
 
   - the short-term credentials are more convenient to use
 

slides/k8s/daemonset.md

@@ -4,29 +4,15 @@
 
 - We want one (and exactly one) instance of `rng` per node
 
-- We *do not want* two instances of `rng` on the same node
+- What if we just scale up `deploy/rng` to the number of nodes?
 
-- We will do that with a *daemon set*
+  - nothing guarantees that the `rng` containers will be distributed evenly
 
----
+  - if we add nodes later, they will not automatically run a copy of `rng`
 
-## Why not a deployment?
+  - if we remove (or reboot) a node, one `rng` container will restart elsewhere
 
-- Can't we just do `kubectl scale deployment rng --replicas=...`?
-
---
-
-- Nothing guarantees that the `rng` containers will be distributed evenly
-
-- If we add nodes later, they will not automatically run a copy of `rng`
-
-- If we remove (or reboot) a node, one `rng` container will restart elsewhere
-
-  (and we will end up with two instances `rng` on the same node)
-
-- By contrast, a daemon set will start one pod per node and keep it that way
-
-  (as nodes are added or removed)
+- Instead of a `deployment`, we will use a `daemonset`
 
 ---
 
@@ -52,7 +38,7 @@
 
 <!-- ##VERSION## -->
 
-- Unfortunately, as of Kubernetes 1.15, the CLI cannot create daemon sets
+- Unfortunately, as of Kubernetes 1.14, the CLI cannot create daemon sets
 
 --
 
@@ -385,7 +371,7 @@ But ... why do these pods (in particular, the *new* ones) have this `app=rng` la
 
 - Bottom line: if we remove our `app=rng` label ...
 
- ... The pod "disappears" for its parent, which re-creates another pod to replace it
+ ... The pod "diseappears" for its parent, which re-creates another pod to replace it
 
 ---
 

slides/k8s/dashboard.md

@@ -105,22 +105,6 @@ The dashboard will then ask you which authentication you want to use.
 
 ---
 
-## Other dashboards
-
-- [Kube Web View](https://codeberg.org/hjacobs/kube-web-view)
-
-  - read-only dashboard
-
-  - optimized for "troubleshooting and incident response"
-
-  - see [vision and goals](https://kube-web-view.readthedocs.io/en/latest/vision.html#vision) for details
-
-- [Kube Ops View](https://github.com/hjacobs/kube-ops-view)
-
-  - "provides a common operational picture for multiple Kubernetes clusters"
-
----
-
 # Security implications of `kubectl apply`
 
 - When we do `kubectl apply -f <URL>`, we create arbitrary resources
@@ -169,6 +153,5 @@ The dashboard will then ask you which authentication you want to use.
 
 --
 
-- It introduces new failure modes
+- It introduces new failure modes (like if you try to apply yaml from a link that's no longer valid)
 
-  (for instance, if you try to apply YAML from a link that's no longer valid)

slides/k8s/dmuc.md

@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ Success!
 
 ]
 
-We should get `No resources found.` and the `kubernetes` service, respectively.
+So far, so good.
 
 Note: the API server automatically created the `kubernetes` service entry.
 
@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ Success?
 
 ]
 
-Our Deployment is in bad shape:
+Our Deployment is in a bad shape:
 ```
 NAME                  READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
 deployment.apps/web   0/1     0            0           2m26s
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ Our pod is still `Pending`. 🤔
 
 Which is normal: it needs to be *scheduled*.
 
-(i.e., something needs to decide which node it should go on.)
+(i.e., something needs to decide on which node it should go.)
 
 ---
 
@@ -658,7 +658,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
 - This is actually how the scheduler works!
 
-- It watches pods, makes scheduling decisions, and creates Binding objects
+- It watches pods, takes scheduling decisions, creates Binding objects
 
 ---
 
@@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ We should see the `Welcome to nginx!` page.
 
 ## Exposing our Deployment
 
-- We can now create a Service associated with this Deployment
+- We can now create a Service associated to this Deployment
 
 .exercise[
 
@@ -711,11 +711,11 @@ This won't work. We need kube-proxy to enable internal communication.
 
 ## Starting kube-proxy
 
-- kube-proxy also needs to connect to the API server
+- kube-proxy also needs to connect to API server
 
 - It can work with the `--master` flag
 
-  (although that will be deprecated in the future)
+  (even though that will be deprecated in the future)
 
 .exercise[
 
@@ -832,6 +832,6 @@ class: extra-details
 
 - By default, the API server expects to be running directly on the nodes
 
-  (it could be as a bare process, or in a container/pod using the host network)
+  (it could be as a bare process, or in a container/pod using host network)
 
 - ... And it expects to be listening on port 6443 with TLS

slides/k8s/dryrun.md

@@ -1,209 +0,0 @@
-# Authoring YAML
-
-- There are various ways to generate YAML with Kubernetes, e.g.:
-
-  - `kubectl run`
-
-  - `kubectl create deployment` (and a few other `kubectl create` variants)
-
-  - `kubectl expose`
-
-- When and why do we need to write our own YAML?
-
-- How do we write YAML from scratch?
-
----
-
-## The limits of generated YAML
-
-- Many advanced (and even not-so-advanced) features require to write YAML:
-
-  - pods with multiple containers
-
-  - resource limits
-
-  - healthchecks
-
-  - DaemonSets, StatefulSets
-
-  - and more!
-
-- How do we access these features?
-
----
-
-## We don't have to start from scratch
-
-- Create a resource (e.g. Deployment)
-
-- Dump its YAML with `kubectl get -o yaml ...`
-
-- Edit the YAML
-
-- Use `kubectl apply -f ...` with the YAML file to:
-
-  - update the resource (if it's the same kind)
-
-  - create a new resource (if it's a different kind)
-
-- Or: Use The Docs, Luke
-
-  (the documentation almost always has YAML examples)
-
----
-
-## Generating YAML without creating resources
-
-- We can use the `--dry-run` option
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Generate the YAML for a Deployment without creating it:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl create deployment web --image nginx --dry-run
-  ```
-
-]
-
-- We can clean up that YAML even more if we want
-
-  (for instance, we can remove the `creationTimestamp` and empty dicts)
-
----
-
-## Using `--dry-run` with `kubectl apply`
-
-- The `--dry-run` option can also be used with `kubectl apply`
-
-- However, it can be misleading (it doesn't do a "real" dry run)
-
-- Let's see what happens in the following scenario:
-
-  - generate the YAML for a Deployment
-
-  - tweak the YAML to transform it into a DaemonSet
-
-  - apply that YAML to see what would actually be created
-
----
-
-## The limits of `kubectl apply --dry-run`
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Generate the YAML for a deployment:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl create deployment web --image=nginx -o yaml > web.yaml
-  ```
-
-- Change the `kind` in the YAML to make it a `DaemonSet`:
-  ```bash
-  sed -i s/Deployment/DaemonSet/ web.yaml
-  ```
-
-- Ask `kubectl` what would be applied:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl apply -f web.yaml --dry-run --validate=false -o yaml
-  ```
-
-]
-
-The resulting YAML doesn't represent a valid DaemonSet.
-
----
-
-## Server-side dry run
-
-- Since Kubernetes 1.13, we can use [server-side dry run and diffs](https://kubernetes.io/blog/2019/01/14/apiserver-dry-run-and-kubectl-diff/)
-
-- Server-side dry run will do all the work, but *not* persist to etcd
-
-  (all validation and mutation hooks will be executed)
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Try the same YAML file as earlier, with server-side dry run:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl apply -f web.yaml --server-dry-run --validate=false -o yaml
-  ```
-
-]
-
-The resulting YAML doesn't have the `replicas` field anymore.
-
-Instead, it has the fields expected in a DaemonSet.
-
----
-
-## Advantages of server-side dry run
-
-- The YAML is verified much more extensively
-
-- The only step that is skipped is "write to etcd"
-
-- YAML that passes server-side dry run *should* apply successfully
-
-  (unless the cluster state changes by the time the YAML is actually applied)
-
-- Validating or mutating hooks that have side effects can also be an issue
-
----
-
-## `kubectl diff`
-
-- Kubernetes 1.13 also introduced `kubectl diff`
-
-- `kubectl diff` does a server-side dry run, *and* shows differences
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Try `kubectl diff` on the YAML that we tweaked earlier:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl diff -f web.yaml
-  ```
-
-]
-
-Note: we don't need to specify `--validate=false` here.
-
----
-
-## Advantage of YAML
-
-- Using YAML (instead of `kubectl run`/`create`/etc.) allows to be *declarative*
-
-- The YAML describes the desired state of our cluster and applications
-
-- YAML can be stored, versioned, archived (e.g. in git repositories)
-
-- To change resources, change the YAML files
-
-  (instead of using `kubectl edit`/`scale`/`label`/etc.)
-
-- Changes can be reviewed before being applied
-
-  (with code reviews, pull requests ...)
-
-- This workflow is sometimes called "GitOps"
-
-  (there are tools like Weave Flux or GitKube to facilitate it)
-
----
-
-## YAML in practice
-
-- Get started with `kubectl run`/`create`/`expose`/etc.
-
-- Dump the YAML with `kubectl get -o yaml`
-
-- Tweak that YAML and `kubectl apply` it back
-
-- Store that YAML for reference (for further deployments)
-
-- Feel free to clean up the YAML:
-
-  - remove fields you don't know
-
-  - check that it still works!
-
-- That YAML will be useful later when using e.g. Kustomize or Helm

slides/k8s/extending-api.md

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ Examples:
 
 ## Admission controllers
 
-- When a Pod is created, it is associated with a ServiceAccount
+- When a Pod is created, it is associated to a ServiceAccount
 
   (even if we did not specify one explicitly)
 
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ class: pic
 
 - These webhooks can be *validating* or *mutating*
 
-- Webhooks can be set up dynamically (without restarting the API server)
+- Webhooks can be setup dynamically (without restarting the API server)
 
 - To setup a dynamic admission webhook, we create a special resource:
 
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ class: pic
 
 - These resources are created and managed like other resources
 
-  (i.e. `kubectl create`, `kubectl get`...)
+  (i.e. `kubectl create`, `kubectl get` ...)
 
 ---
 

slides/k8s/gitworkflows.md

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
 
 - Clone the Flux repository:
   ```
-  git clone https://github.com/fluxcd/flux
+  git clone https://github.com/weaveworks/flux
   ```
 
 - Edit `deploy/flux-deployment.yaml`

slides/k8s/healthchecks-more.md

@@ -1,393 +0,0 @@
-## Questions to ask before adding healthchecks
-
-- Do we want liveness, readiness, both?
-
-  (sometimes, we can use the same check, but with different failure thresholds)
-
-- Do we have existing HTTP endpoints that we can use?
-
-- Do we need to add new endpoints, or perhaps use something else?
-
-- Are our healthchecks likely to use resources and/or slow down the app?
-
-- Do they depend on additional services?
-
-  (this can be particularly tricky, see next slide)
-
----
-
-## Healthchecks and dependencies
-
-- A good healthcheck should always indicate the health of the service itself
-
-- It should not be affected by the state of the service's dependencies
-
-- Example: a web server requiring a database connection to operate
-
-  (make sure that the healthcheck can report "OK" even if the database is down;
-  <br/>
-  because it won't help us to restart the web server if the issue is with the DB!)
-
-- Example: a microservice calling other microservices
-
-- Example: a worker process
-
-  (these will generally require minor code changes to report health)
-
----
-
-## Adding healthchecks to an app
-
-- Let's add healthchecks to DockerCoins!
-
-- We will examine the questions of the previous slide
-
-- Then we will review each component individually to add healthchecks
-
----
-
-## Liveness, readiness, or both?
-
-- To answer that question, we need to see the app run for a while
-
-- Do we get temporary, recoverable glitches?
-
-  → then use readiness
-
-- Or do we get hard lock-ups requiring a restart?
-
-  → then use liveness
-
-- In the case of DockerCoins, we don't know yet!
-
-- Let's pick liveness
-
----
-
-## Do we have HTTP endpoints that we can use?
-
-- Each of the 3 web services (hasher, rng, webui) has a trivial route on `/`
-
-- These routes:
-
-  - don't seem to perform anything complex or expensive
-
-  - don't seem to call other services
-
-- Perfect!
-
-  (See next slides for individual details)
-
----
-
-- [hasher.rb](https://github.com/jpetazzo/container.training/blob/master/dockercoins/hasher/hasher.rb)
-  ```ruby
-    get '/' do
-      "HASHER running on #{Socket.gethostname}\n"
-    end
-  ```
-
-- [rng.py](https://github.com/jpetazzo/container.training/blob/master/dockercoins/rng/rng.py)
-  ```python
-    @app.route("/")
-    def index():
-      return "RNG running on {}\n".format(hostname)
-  ```
-
-- [webui.js](https://github.com/jpetazzo/container.training/blob/master/dockercoins/webui/webui.js)
-  ```javascript
-    app.get('/', function (req, res) {
-      res.redirect('/index.html');
-    });
-  ```
-
----
-
-## Running DockerCoins
-
-- We will run DockerCoins in a new, separate namespace
-
-- We will use a set of YAML manifests and pre-built images
-
-- We will add our new liveness probe to the YAML of the `rng` DaemonSet
-
-- Then, we will deploy the application
-
----
-
-## Creating a new namespace
-
-- This will make sure that we don't collide / conflict with previous exercises
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Create the yellow namespace:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl create namespace yellow
-  ```
-
-- Switch to that namespace:
-  ```bash
-  kns yellow
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Retrieving DockerCoins manifests
-
-- All the manifests that we need are on a convenient repository:
-
-  https://github.com/jpetazzo/kubercoins
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Clone that repository:
-  ```bash
-  cd ~
-  git clone https://github.com/jpetazzo/kubercoins
-  ```
-
-- Change directory to the repository:
-  ```bash
-  cd kubercoins
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## A simple HTTP liveness probe
-
-This is what our liveness probe should look like:
-
-```yaml
-containers:
-- name: ...
-image: ...
-livenessProbe:
-  httpGet:
-    path: /
-    port: 80
-  initialDelaySeconds: 30
-  periodSeconds: 5
-```
-
-This will give 30 seconds to the service to start. (Way more than necessary!)
-<br/>
-It will run the probe every 5 seconds.
-<br/>
-It will use the default timeout (1 second).
-<br/>
-It will use the default failure threshold (3 failed attempts = dead).
-<br/>
-It will use the default success threshold (1 successful attempt = alive).
-
----
-
-## Adding the liveness probe
-
-- Let's add the liveness probe, then deploy DockerCoins
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Edit `rng-daemonset.yaml` and add the liveness probe
-  ```bash
-  vim rng-daemonset.yaml
-  ```
-
-- Load the YAML for all the resources of DockerCoins:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl apply -f .
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Testing the liveness probe
-
-- The rng service needs 100ms to process a request
-
-  (because it is single-threaded and sleeps 0.1s in each request)
-
-- The probe timeout is set to 1 second
-
-- If we send more than 10 requests per second per backend, it will break
-
-- Let's generate traffic and see what happens!
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Get the ClusterIP address of the rng service:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get svc rng
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Monitoring the rng service
-
-- Each command below will show us what's happening on a different level
-
-.exercise[
-
-- In one window, monitor cluster events:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get events -w
-  ```
-
-- In another window, monitor the response time of rng:
-  ```bash
-  httping `<ClusterIP>`
-  ```
-
-- In another window, monitor pods status:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get pods -w
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Generating traffic
-
-- Let's use `ab` to send concurrent requests to rng
-
-.exercise[
-
-- In yet another window, generate traffic:
-  ```bash
-  ab -c 10 -n 1000 http://`<ClusterIP>`/1
-  ```
-
-- Experiment with higher values of `-c` and see what happens
-
-]
-
-- The `-c` parameter indicates the number of concurrent requests
-
-- The final `/1` is important to generate actual traffic
-
-  (otherwise we would use the ping endpoint, which doesn't sleep 0.1s per request)
-
----
-
-## Discussion
-
-- Above a given threshold, the liveness probe starts failing
-
-  (about 10 concurrent requests per backend should be plenty enough)
-
-- When the liveness probe fails 3 times in a row, the container is restarted
-
-- During the restart, there is *less* capacity available
-
-- ... Meaning that the other backends are likely to timeout as well
-
-- ... Eventually causing all backends to be restarted
-
-- ... And each fresh backend gets restarted, too
-
-- This goes on until the load goes down, or we add capacity
-
-*This wouldn't be a good healthcheck in a real application!*
-
----
-
-## Better healthchecks
-
-- We need to make sure that the healthcheck doesn't trip when
-  performance degrades due to external pressure
-
-- Using a readiness check would have fewer effects
-
-  (but it would still be an imperfect solution)
-
-- A possible combination:
-
-  - readiness check with a short timeout / low failure threshold
-
-  - liveness check with a longer timeout / higher failure threshold
-
----
-
-## Healthchecks for redis
-
-- A liveness probe is enough
-
-  (it's not useful to remove a backend from rotation when it's the only one)
-
-- We could use an exec probe running `redis-cli ping`
-
----
-
-class: extra-details
-
-## Exec probes and zombies
-
-- When using exec probes, we should make sure that we have a *zombie reaper*
-
-  🤔🧐🧟 Wait, what?
-
-- When a process terminates, its parent must call `wait()`/`waitpid()`
-
-  (this is how the parent process retrieves the child's exit status)
-
-- In the meantime, the process is in *zombie* state
-
-  (the process state will show as `Z` in `ps`, `top` ...)
-
-- When a process is killed, its children are *orphaned* and attached to PID 1
-
-- PID 1 has the responsibility of *reaping* these processes when they terminate
-
-- OK, but how does that affect us?
-
----
-
-class: extra-details
-
-## PID 1 in containers
-
-- On ordinary systems, PID 1 (`/sbin/init`) has logic to reap processes
-
-- In containers, PID 1 is typically our application process
-
-  (e.g. Apache, the JVM, NGINX, Redis ...)
-
-- These *do not* take care of reaping orphans
-
-- If we use exec probes, we need to add a process reaper
-
-- We can add [tini](https://github.com/krallin/tini) to our images
-
-- Or [share the PID namespace between containers of a pod](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/share-process-namespace/)
-
-  (and have gcr.io/pause take care of the reaping)
-
----
-
-## Healthchecks for worker
-
-- Readiness isn't useful
-
-  (because worker isn't a backend for a service)
-
-- Liveness may help us restart a broken worker, but how can we check it?
-
-- Embedding an HTTP server is an option
-
-  (but it has a high potential for unwanted side effects and false positives)
-
-- Using a "lease" file can be relatively easy:
-
-  - touch a file during each iteration of the main loop
-
-  - check the timestamp of that file from an exec probe
-
-- Writing logs (and checking them from the probe) also works

slides/k8s/healthchecks.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# Healthchecks
+# Healthchecks (extra material)
 
 - Kubernetes provides two kinds of healthchecks: liveness and readiness
 
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@
 
   (as opposed to merely started)
 
-- Containers in a broken state get killed and restarted
+- Containers in a broken state gets killed and restarted
 
   (instead of serving errors or timeouts)
 

slides/k8s/helm.md

@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ Where do these `--set` options come from?
 
 ]
 
-The chart's metadata includes a URL to the project's home page.
+The chart's metadata includes an URL to the project's home page.
 
 (Sometimes it conveniently points to the documentation for the chart.)
 

slides/k8s/horizontal-pod-autoscaler.md

@@ -6,15 +6,15 @@
 
 - Horizontal scaling = changing the number of replicas
 
-  (adding/removing pods)
+  (adding / removing pods)
 
 - Vertical scaling = changing the size of individual replicas
 
-  (increasing/reducing CPU and RAM per pod)
+  (increasing / reducing CPU and RAM per pod)
 
 - Cluster scaling = changing the size of the cluster
 
-  (adding/removing nodes)
+  (adding / removing nodes)
 
 ---
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 
   `TargetNumOfPods = ceil(sum(CurrentPodsCPUUtilization) / Target)`
 
-- It scales the related object up/down to this target number of pods
+- It scales up/down the related object to this target number of pods
 
 ---
 
@@ -50,9 +50,9 @@
 
 - The latter actually makes a lot of sense:
 
-  - if a Pod doesn't have a CPU request, it might be using 10% of CPU...
+  - if a Pod doesn't have a CPU request, it might be using 10% of CPU ...
 
-  - ...but only because there is no CPU time available!
+  - ... but only because there is no CPU time available!
 
   - this makes sure that we won't add pods to nodes that are already resource-starved
 
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ This can also be set with `--cpu-percent=`.
 
 - Kubernetes doesn't implement any of these API groups
 
-- Using these metrics requires [registering additional APIs](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/run-application/horizontal-pod-autoscale/#support-for-metrics-apis)
+- Using these metrics requires to [register additional APIs](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/run-application/horizontal-pod-autoscale/#support-for-metrics-apis)
 
 - The metrics provided by metrics server are standard; everything else is custom
 

slides/k8s/ingress.md

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
 
   - the control loop watches over ingress resources, and configures the LB accordingly
 
-- Step 2: set up DNS
+- Step 2: setup DNS
 
   - associate DNS entries with the load balancer address
 
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@
 
 - We could use pods specifying `hostPort: 80` 
 
-  ... but with most CNI plugins, this [doesn't work or requires additional setup](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/23920)
+  ... but with most CNI plugins, this [doesn't work or require additional setup](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/23920)
 
 - We could use a `NodePort` service
 
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@
 
   (sometimes called sandbox or network sandbox)
 
-- An IP address is assigned to the pod
+- An IP address is associated to the pod
 
 - This IP address is routed/connected to the cluster network
 
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
   - an error condition on the node
     <br/>
-    (for instance: "disk full," do not start new pods here!)
+    (for instance: "disk full", do not start new pods here!)
 
 - The `effect` can be:
 
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ This is normal: we haven't provided any ingress rule yet.
 Here is a minimal host-based ingress resource:
 
 ```yaml
-apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
+apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
 kind: Ingress
 metadata:
   name: cheddar
@@ -501,11 +501,11 @@ spec:
 
   (as long as it has access to the cluster subnet)
 
-- This allows the use of external (hardware, physical machines...) load balancers
+- This allows to use external (hardware, physical machines...) load balancers
 
 - Annotations can encode special features
 
-  (rate-limiting, A/B testing, session stickiness, etc.)
+  (rate-limiting, A/B testing, session stickiness, etc.) 
 
 ---
 
@@ -523,4 +523,4 @@ spec:
 
 - This should eventually stabilize
 
-  (remember that ingresses are currently `apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1`)
+  (remember that ingresses are currently `apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1`)

slides/k8s/kubectlexpose.md

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ Under the hood: `kube-proxy` is using a userland proxy and a bunch of `iptables`
 
 .exercise[
 
-- In another window, watch the pods (to see when they are created):
+- In another window, watch the pods (to see when they will be created):
   ```bash
   kubectl get pods -w
   ```

slides/k8s/kubectlget.md

@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
   - short (e.g. `no`, `svc`, `deploy`)
 
-- Some resources do not have a short name
+- Some resources do not have a short names
 
 - `Endpoints` only have a plural form
 
@@ -466,4 +466,4 @@ class: extra-details
 - For more details, see [KEP-0009] or the [node controller documentation]
 
 [KEP-0009]: https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/blob/master/keps/sig-node/0009-node-heartbeat.md
-[node controller documentation]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/architecture/nodes/#node-controller
+[node controller documentation]: https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/architecture/nodes/#node-controller

slides/k8s/kubectlproxy.md

@@ -77,9 +77,9 @@ If we wanted to talk to the API, we would need to:
 
 - This is a great tool to learn and experiment with the Kubernetes API
 
-- ... And for serious uses as well (suitable for one-shot scripts)
+- ... And for serious usages as well (suitable for one-shot scripts)
 
-- For unattended use, it's better to create a [service account](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-service-account/)
+- For unattended use, it is better to create a [service account](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-service-account/)
 
 ---
 

slides/k8s/kubenet.md

@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
 
   (15 are listed in the Kubernetes documentation)
 
-- Pods have level 3 (IP) connectivity, but *services* are level 4 (TCP or UDP)
+- Pods have level 3 (IP) connectivity, but *services* are level 4
 
   (Services map to a single UDP or TCP port; no port ranges or arbitrary IP packets)
 

slides/k8s/kubercoins.md

@@ -1,244 +0,0 @@
-# Deploying a sample application
-
-- We will connect to our new Kubernetes cluster
-
-- We will deploy a sample application, "DockerCoins"
-
-- That app features multiple micro-services and a web UI
-
----
-
-## Connecting to our Kubernetes cluster
-
-- Our cluster has multiple nodes named `node1`, `node2`, etc.
-
-- We will do everything from `node1`
-
-- We have SSH access to the other nodes, but won't need it
-
-  (but we can use it for debugging, troubleshooting, etc.)
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Log into `node1`
-
-- Check that all nodes are `Ready`:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get nodes
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Cloning some repos
-
-- We will need two repositories:
-
-  - the first one has the "DockerCoins" demo app
-
-  - the second one has these slides, some scripts, more manifests ...
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Clone the kubercoins repository on `node1`:
-  ```bash
-  git clone https://github.com/jpetazzo/kubercoins
-  ```
-
-
-- Clone the container.training repository as well:
-  ```bash
-  git clone https://@@GITREPO@@
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Running the application
-
-Without further ado, let's start this application!
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Apply all the manifests from the kubercoins repository:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl apply -f kubercoins/
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## What's this application?
-
---
-
-- It is a DockerCoin miner! .emoji[💰🐳📦🚢]
-
---
-
-- No, you can't buy coffee with DockerCoins
-
---
-
-- How DockerCoins works:
-
-  - generate a few random bytes
-
-  - hash these bytes
-
-  - increment a counter (to keep track of speed)
-
-  - repeat forever!
-
---
-
-- DockerCoins is *not* a cryptocurrency
-
-  (the only common points are "randomness", "hashing", and "coins" in the name)
-
----
-
-## DockerCoins in the microservices era
-
-- DockerCoins is made of 5 services:
-
-  - `rng` = web service generating random bytes
-
-  - `hasher` = web service computing hash of POSTed data
-
-  - `worker` = background process calling `rng` and `hasher`
-
-  - `webui` = web interface to watch progress
-
-  - `redis` = data store (holds a counter updated by `worker`)
-
-- These 5 services are visible in the application's Compose file,
-  [docker-compose.yml](
-  https://@@GITREPO@@/blob/master/dockercoins/docker-compose.yml)
-
----
-
-## How DockerCoins works
-
-- `worker` invokes web service `rng` to generate random bytes
-
-- `worker` invokes web service `hasher` to hash these bytes
-
-- `worker` does this in an infinite loop
-
-- every second, `worker` updates `redis` to indicate how many loops were done
-
-- `webui` queries `redis`, and computes and exposes "hashing speed" in our browser
-
-*(See diagram on next slide!)*
-
----
-
-class: pic
-
-![Diagram showing the 5 containers of the applications](images/dockercoins-diagram.svg)
-
----
-
-## Service discovery in container-land
-
-How does each service find out the address of the other ones?
-
---
-
-- We do not hard-code IP addresses in the code
-
-- We do not hard-code FQDNs in the code, either
-
-- We just connect to a service name, and container-magic does the rest
-
-  (And by container-magic, we mean "a crafty, dynamic, embedded DNS server")
-
----
-
-## Example in `worker/worker.py`
-
-```python
-redis = Redis("`redis`")
-
-
-def get_random_bytes():
-    r = requests.get("http://`rng`/32")
-    return r.content
-
-
-def hash_bytes(data):
-    r = requests.post("http://`hasher`/",
-                      data=data,
-                      headers={"Content-Type": "application/octet-stream"})
-```
-
-(Full source code available [here](
-https://@@GITREPO@@/blob/8279a3bce9398f7c1a53bdd95187c53eda4e6435/dockercoins/worker/worker.py#L17
-))
-
----
-
-## Show me the code!
-
-- You can check the GitHub repository with all the materials of this workshop:
-  <br/>https://@@GITREPO@@
-
-- The application is in the [dockercoins](
-  https://@@GITREPO@@/tree/master/dockercoins)
-  subdirectory
-
-- The Compose file ([docker-compose.yml](
-  https://@@GITREPO@@/blob/master/dockercoins/docker-compose.yml))
-  lists all 5 services
-
-- `redis` is using an official image from the Docker Hub
-
-- `hasher`, `rng`, `worker`, `webui` are each built from a Dockerfile
-
-- Each service's Dockerfile and source code is in its own directory
-
-  (`hasher` is in the [hasher](https://@@GITREPO@@/blob/master/dockercoins/hasher/) directory,
-  `rng` is in the [rng](https://@@GITREPO@@/blob/master/dockercoins/rng/)
-  directory, etc.)
-
----
-
-## Our application at work
-
-- We can check the logs of our application's pods
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Check the logs of the various components:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl logs deploy/worker
-  kubectl logs deploy/hasher
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Connecting to the web UI
-
-- "Logs are exciting and fun!" (No-one, ever)
-
-- The `webui` container exposes a web dashboard; let's view it
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Check the NodePort allocated to the web UI:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get svc webui
-  ```
-
-- Open that in a web browser
-
-]
-
-A drawing area should show up, and after a few seconds, a blue
-graph will appear.

slides/k8s/kustomize.md

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
 
 - We need to run `ship init` in a new directory
 
-- `ship init` requires a URL to a remote repository containing Kubernetes YAML
+- `ship init` requires an URL to a remote repository containing Kubernetes YAML
 
 - It will clone that repository and start a web UI
 

slides/k8s/lastwords-admin.md

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
 
 - Acknowledge that a lot of tasks are outsourced
 
-  (e.g. if we add "buy/rack/provision machines" in that list)
+  (e.g. if we add "buy / rack / provision machines" in that list)
 
 ---
 
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
 
   (YAML, Helm charts, Kustomize ...)
 
-- Team "run" adjusts some parameters and monitors the application
+- Team "run" adjusts some parameters and monitors the application 
 
 ✔️ parity between dev and prod environments
 
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@
 
   - do we reward on-call duty without encouraging hero syndrome?
 
-  - do we give people resources (time, money) to learn?
+  - do we give resources (time, money) to people to learn?
 
 ---
 
@@ -183,9 +183,9 @@ are a few tools that can help us.*
 
 - If cloud: public vs. private
 
-- Which vendor/distribution to pick?
+- Which vendor / distribution to pick?
 
-- Which versions/features to enable?
+- Which versions / features to enable?
 
 ---
 
@@ -205,6 +205,6 @@ are a few tools that can help us.*
 
 - Transfer knowledge
 
-  (make sure everyone is on the same page/level)
+  (make sure everyone is on the same page / same level)
 
 - Iterate!

slides/k8s/local-persistent-volumes.md

@@ -32,30 +32,6 @@
 
 ---
 
-## If we have a dynamic provisioner ...
-
-- The labs in this section assume that we *do not* have a dynamic provisioner
-
-- If we do have one, we need to disable it
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Check if we have a dynamic provisioner:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get storageclass
-  ```
-
-- If the output contains a line with `(default)`, run this command:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl annotate sc storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class- --all
-  ```
-
-- Check again that it is no longer marked as `(default)`
-
-]
-
----
-
 ## Work in a separate namespace
 
 - To avoid conflicts with existing resources, let's create and use a new namespace
@@ -74,7 +50,7 @@
 
 ]
 
-.warning[Make sure to call that namespace `orange`: it is hardcoded in the YAML files.]
+.warning[Make sure to call that namespace `orange`, because that name is hardcoded in the YAML files.]
 
 ---
 

slides/k8s/localkubeconfig.md

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-# Controlling a Kubernetes cluster remotely
+# Controlling the cluster remotely
 
-- `kubectl` can be used either on cluster instances or outside the cluster
+- All the operations that we do with `kubectl` can be done remotely
 
-- Here, we are going to use `kubectl` from our local machine
+- In this section, we are going to use `kubectl` from our local machine
 
 ---
 
@@ -34,11 +34,11 @@
 
 - Download the `kubectl` binary from one of these links:
 
-  [Linux](https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.15.4/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl)
+  [Linux](https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.14.2/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl)
   |
-  [macOS](https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.15.4/bin/darwin/amd64/kubectl)
+  [macOS](https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.14.2/bin/darwin/amd64/kubectl)
   |
-  [Windows](https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.15.4/bin/windows/amd64/kubectl.exe)
+  [Windows](https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/v1.14.2/bin/windows/amd64/kubectl.exe)
 
 - On Linux and macOS, make the binary executable with `chmod +x kubectl`
 
@@ -67,17 +67,17 @@ Note: if you are following along with a different platform (e.g. Linux on an arc
 
 The output should look like this:
 ```
-Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"15", GitVersion:"v1.15.0",
-GitCommit:"e8462b5b5dc2584fdcd18e6bcfe9f1e4d970a529", GitTreeState:"clean",
-BuildDate:"2019-06-19T16:40:16Z", GoVersion:"go1.12.5", Compiler:"gc",
-Platform:"darwin/amd64"}
+Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"14", GitVersion:"v1.14.0",
+GitCommit:"641856db18352033a0d96dbc99153fa3b27298e5", GitTreeState:"clean",
+BuildDate:"2019-03-25T15:53:57Z", GoVersion:"go1.12.1", Compiler:"gc",
+Platform:"linux/amd64"}
 ```
 
 ---
 
-## Preserving the existing `~/.kube/config`
+## Moving away the existing `~/.kube/config`
 
-- If you already have a `~/.kube/config` file, rename it
+- If you already have a `~/.kube/config` file, move it away
 
   (we are going to overwrite it in the following slides!)
 
@@ -192,4 +192,4 @@ class: extra-details
 
 ]
 
-We can now utilize the cluster exactly as if we're logged into a node, except that it's remote.
+We can now utilize the cluster exactly as we did before, ignoring that it's remote.

slides/k8s/logs-centralized.md

@@ -73,12 +73,12 @@ and a few roles and role bindings (to give fluentd the required permissions).
 
 - Fluentd runs on each node (thanks to a daemon set)
 
-- It bind-mounts `/var/log/containers` from the host (to access these files)
+- It binds-mounts `/var/log/containers` from the host (to access these files)
 
 - It continuously scans this directory for new files; reads them; parses them
 
 - Each log line becomes a JSON object, fully annotated with extra information:
-  <br/>container id, pod name, Kubernetes labels...
+  <br/>container id, pod name, Kubernetes labels ...
 
 - These JSON objects are stored in ElasticSearch
 

slides/k8s/logs-cli.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Accessing logs from the CLI
 
-- The `kubectl logs` command has limitations:
+- The `kubectl logs` commands has limitations:
 
   - it cannot stream logs from multiple pods at a time
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 ## Doing it manually
 
-- We *could* (if we were so inclined) write a program or script that would:
+- We *could* (if we were so inclined), write a program or script that would:
 
   - take a selector as an argument
 
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ Exactly what we need!
 - The following commands will install Stern on a Linux Intel 64 bit machine:
   ```bash
   sudo curl -L -o /usr/local/bin/stern \
-       https://github.com/wercker/stern/releases/download/1.11.0/stern_linux_amd64
+       https://github.com/wercker/stern/releases/download/1.10.0/stern_linux_amd64
   sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/stern
   ```
 
@@ -72,11 +72,11 @@ Exactly what we need!
 
 ## Using Stern
 
-- There are two ways to specify the pods whose logs we want to see:
+- There are two ways to specify the pods for which we want to see the logs:
 
   - `-l` followed by a selector expression (like with many `kubectl` commands)
 
-  - with a "pod query," i.e. a regex used to match pod names
+  - with a "pod query", i.e. a regex used to match pod names
 
 - These two ways can be combined if necessary
 

slides/k8s/metrics-server.md

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # Checking pod and node resource usage
 
-- Since Kubernetes 1.8, metrics are collected by the [resource metrics pipeline](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/resource-metrics-pipeline/)
+- Since Kubernetes 1.8, metrics are collected by the [core metrics pipeline](https://v1-13.docs.kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/core-metrics-pipeline/)
 
-- The resource metrics pipeline is:
+- The core metrics pipeline is:
 
   - optional (Kubernetes can function without it)
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ If it shows our nodes and their CPU and memory load, we're good!
 
   (it doesn't need persistence, as it doesn't *store* metrics)
 
-- It has its own repository, [kubernetes-incubator/metrics-server](https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/metrics-server)
+- It has its own repository, [kubernetes-incubator/metrics-server](https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/metrics-server])
 
 - The repository comes with [YAML files for deployment](https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/metrics-server/tree/master/deploy/1.8%2B)
 
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ If it shows our nodes and their CPU and memory load, we're good!
 
 - Show resource usage across all containers:
   ```bash
-  kubectl top pods --containers --all-namespaces
+  kuebectl top pods --containers --all-namespaces
   ```
 ]
 

slides/k8s/multinode.md

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
 - We need to generate a `kubeconfig` file for kubelet
 
-- This time, we need to put the public IP address of `kubenet1`
+- This time, we need to put the IP address of `kubenet1`
 
   (instead of `localhost` or `127.0.0.1`)
 
@@ -104,10 +104,12 @@ class: extra-details
 
 - Generate the `kubeconfig` file:
   ```bash
-    kubectl config set-cluster kubenet --server http://`X.X.X.X`:8080
-    kubectl config set-context kubenet --cluster kubenet
-    kubectl config use-context kubenet
-    cp ~/.kube/config ~/kubeconfig
+    kubectl --kubeconfig ~/kubeconfig config \
+            set-cluster kubenet --server http://`X.X.X.X`:8080
+    kubectl --kubeconfig ~/kubeconfig config \
+            set-context kubenet --cluster kubenet
+    kubectl --kubeconfig ~/kubeconfig config\
+            use-context kubenet
   ```
 
 ]
@@ -195,7 +197,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
 ## Check our pods
 
-- The pods will be scheduled on the nodes
+- The pods will be scheduled to the nodes
 
 - The nodes will pull the `nginx` image, and start the pods
 
@@ -325,7 +327,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
 - We will add the `--network-plugin` and `--pod-cidr` flags
 
-- We all have a "cluster number" (let's call that `C`) printed on your VM info card
+- We all have a "cluster number" (let's call that `C`)
 
 - We will use pod CIDR `10.C.N.0/24` (where `N` is the node number: 1, 2, 3)
 
@@ -480,23 +482,6 @@ Sometimes it works, sometimes it doesn't. Why?
   ```bash
   kubectl get nodes -o wide
   ```
-
----
-
-## Firewalling
-
-- By default, Docker prevents containers from using arbitrary IP addresses
-
-  (by setting up iptables rules)
-
-- We need to allow our containers to use our pod CIDR
-
-- For simplicity, we will insert a blanket iptables rule allowing all traffic:
-
-  `iptables -I FORWARD -j ACCEPT`
-
-- This has to be done on every node
-
 ---
 
 ## Setting up routing
@@ -505,8 +490,6 @@ Sometimes it works, sometimes it doesn't. Why?
 
 - Create all the routes on all the nodes
 
-- Insert the iptables rule allowing traffic
-
 - Check that you can ping all the pods from one of the nodes
 
 - Check that you can `curl` the ClusterIP of the Service successfully

slides/k8s/namespaces.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 - That would require updating the code
 
-- There has to be a better way!
+- There as to be a better way!
 
 --
 
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
 
 - We cannot have two resources *of the same kind* with the same name
 
-  (but it's OK to have an `rng` service, an `rng` deployment, and an `rng` daemon set)
+  (but it's OK to have a `rng` service, a `rng` deployment, and a `rng` daemon set)
 
 --
 

slides/k8s/netpol.md

@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ This policy selects all pods in the current namespace.
 
 It allows traffic only from pods in the current namespace.
 
-(An empty `podSelector` means "all pods.")
+(An empty `podSelector` means "all pods".)
 
 ```yaml
 kind: NetworkPolicy
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ This policy selects all pods with label `app=webui`.
 
 It allows traffic from any source.
 
-(An empty `from` field means "all sources.")
+(An empty `from` fields means "all sources".)
 
 ```yaml
 kind: NetworkPolicy
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ troubleshoot easily, without having to poke holes in our firewall.
 
 - If we block access to the control plane, we might disrupt legitimate code
 
-- ...Without necessarily improving security
+- ... Without necessarily improving security
 
 ---
 

slides/k8s/openid-connect.md

@@ -1,379 +0,0 @@
-# OpenID Connect
-
-- The Kubernetes API server can perform authentication with OpenID connect
-
-- This requires an *OpenID provider*
-
-  (external authorization server using the OAuth 2.0 protocol)
-
-- We can use a third-party provider (e.g. Google) or run our own (e.g. Dex)
-
-- We are going to give an overview of the protocol
-
-- We will show it in action (in a simplified scenario)
-
----
-
-## Workflow overview
-
-- We want to access our resources (a Kubernetes cluster)
-
-- We authenticate with the OpenID provider
-
-  - we can do this directly (e.g. by going to https://accounts.google.com)
-
-  - or maybe a kubectl plugin can open a browser page on our behalf
-
-- After authenticating us, the OpenID provider gives us:
-
-  - an *id token* (a short-lived signed JSON Web Token, see next slide)
-
-  - a *refresh token* (to renew the *id token* when needed)
-
-- We can now issue requests to the Kubernetes API with the *id token*
-
-- The API server will verify that token's content to authenticate us
-
----
-
-## JSON Web Tokens
-
-- A JSON Web Token (JWT) has three parts:
-
-  - a header specifying algorithms and token type
-
-  - a payload (indicating who issued the token, for whom, which purposes...)
-
-  - a signature generated by the issuer (the issuer = the OpenID provider)
-
-- Anyone can verify a JWT without contacting the issuer
-
-  (except to obtain the issuer's public key)
-
-- Pro tip: we can inspect a JWT with https://jwt.io/
-
----
-
-## How the Kubernetes API uses JWT
-
-- Server side
-
-  - enable OIDC authentication
-
-  - indicate which issuer (provider) should be allowed
-
-  - indicate which audience (or "client id") should be allowed
-
-  - optionally, map or prefix user and group names
-
-- Client side
-
-  - obtain JWT as described earlier
-
-  - pass JWT as authentication token
-
-  - renew JWT when needed (using the refresh token)
-
----
-
-## Demo time!
-
-- We will use [Google Accounts](https://accounts.google.com) as our OpenID provider
-
-- We will use the [Google OAuth Playground](https://developers.google.com/oauthplayground) as the "audience" or "client id"
-
-- We will obtain a JWT through Google Accounts and the OAuth Playground
-
-- We will enable OIDC in the Kubernetes API server
-
-- We will use the JWT to authenticate
-
-.footnote[If you can't or won't use a Google account, you can try to adapt this to another provider.]
-
----
-
-## Checking the API server logs
-
-- The API server logs will be particularly useful in this section
-
-  (they will indicate e.g. why a specific token is rejected)
-
-- Let's keep an eye on the API server output!
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Tail the logs of the API server:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl logs kube-apiserver-node1 --follow --namespace=kube-system
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Authenticate with the OpenID provider
-
-- We will use the Google OAuth Playground for convenience
-
-- In a real scenario, we would need our own OAuth client instead of the playground
-
-  (even if we were still using Google as the OpenID provider)
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Open the Google OAuth Playground:
-  ```
-  https://developers.google.com/oauthplayground/
-  ```
-
-- Enter our own custom scope in the text field:
-  ```
-  https://www.googleapis.com/auth/userinfo.email
-  ```
-
-- Click on "Authorize APIs" and allow the playground to access our email address
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Obtain our JSON Web Token
-
-- The previous step gave us an "authorization code"
-
-- We will use it to obtain tokens
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Click on "Exchange authorization code for tokens"
-
-]
-
-- The JWT is the very long `id_token` that shows up on the right hand side
-
-  (it is a base64-encoded JSON object, and should therefore start with `eyJ`)
-
----
-
-## Using our JSON Web Token
-
-- We need to create a context (in kubeconfig) for our token
-
-  (if we just add the token or use `kubectl --token`, our certificate will still be used)
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Create a new authentication section in kubeconfig:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl config set-credentials myjwt --token=eyJ...
-  ```
-
-- Try to use it:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl --user=myjwt get nodes
-  ```
-
-]
-
-We should get an `Unauthorized` response, since we haven't enabled OpenID Connect in the API server yet. We should also see `invalid bearer token` in the API server log output.
-
----
-
-## Enabling OpenID Connect
-
-- We need to add a few flags to the API server configuration
-
-- These two are mandatory:
-
-  `--oidc-issuer-url` → URL of the OpenID provider
-
-  `--oidc-client-id` → app requesting the authentication
-  <br/>(in our case, that's the ID for the Google OAuth Playground)
-
-- This one is optional:
-
-  `--oidc-username-claim` → which field should be used as user name
-  <br/>(we will use the user's email address instead of an opaque ID)
-
-- See the [API server documentation](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authentication/#configuring-the-api-server
-) for more details about all available flags
-
----
-
-## Updating the API server configuration
-
-- The instructions below will work for clusters deployed with kubeadm
-
-  (or where the control plane is deployed in static pods)
-
-- If your cluster is deployed differently, you will need to adapt them
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Edit `/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml`
-
-- Add the following lines to the list of command-line flags:
-  ```yaml
-  - --oidc-issuer-url=https://accounts.google.com
-  - --oidc-client-id=407408718192.apps.googleusercontent.com
-  - --oidc-username-claim=email
-  ```
-]
-
----
-
-## Restarting the API server
-
-- The kubelet monitors the files in `/etc/kubernetes/manifests`
-
-- When we save the pod manifest, kubelet will restart the corresponding pod
-
-  (using the updated command line flags)
-
-.exercise[
-
-- After making the changes described on the previous slide, save the file
-
-- Issue a simple command (like `kubectl version`) until the API server is back up
-
-  (it might take between a few seconds and one minute for the API server to restart)
-
-- Restart the `kubectl logs` command to view the logs of the API server
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Using our JSON Web Token
-
-- Now that the API server is set up to recognize our token, try again!
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Try an API command with our token:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl --user=myjwt get nodes
-  kubectl --user=myjwt get pods
-  ```
-
-]
-
-We should see a message like:
-```
-Error from server (Forbidden): nodes is forbidden: User "jean.doe@gmail.com"
-cannot list resource "nodes" in API group "" at the cluster scope
-```
-
-→ We were successfully *authenticated*, but not *authorized*.
-
----
-
-## Authorizing our user
-
-- As an extra step, let's grant read access to our user
-
-- We will use the pre-defined ClusterRole `view`
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Create a ClusterRoleBinding allowing us to view resources:
-  ```bash
-    kubectl create clusterrolebinding i-can-view \
-            --user=`jean.doe@gmail.com` --clusterrole=view
-  ```
-
-  (make sure to put *your* Google email address there)
-
-- Confirm that we can now list pods with our token:
-   ```bash
-  kubectl --user=myjwt get pods
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## From demo to production
-
-.warning[This was a very simplified demo! In a real deployment...]
-
-- We wouldn't use the Google OAuth Playground
-
-- We *probably* wouldn't even use Google at all
-
-  (it doesn't seem to provide a way to include groups!)
-
-- Some popular alternatives:
-
-  - [Dex](https://github.com/dexidp/dex),
-    [Keycloak](https://www.keycloak.org/)
-    (self-hosted)
-
-  - [Okta](https://developer.okta.com/docs/how-to/creating-token-with-groups-claim/#step-five-decode-the-jwt-to-verify)
-    (SaaS)
-
-- We would use a helper (like the [kubelogin](https://github.com/int128/kubelogin) plugin) to automatically obtain tokens
-
----
-
-class: extra-details
-
-## Service Account tokens
-
-- The tokens used by Service Accounts are JWT tokens as well
-
-- They are signed and verified using a special service account key pair
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Extract the token of a service account in the current namespace:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get secrets -o jsonpath={..token} | base64 -d
-  ```
-
-- Copy-paste the token to a verification service like https://jwt.io 
-
-- Notice that it says "Invalid Signature"
-
-]
-
----
-
-class: extra-details
-
-## Verifying Service Account tokens
-
-- JSON Web Tokens embed the URL of the "issuer" (=OpenID provider)
-
-- The issuer provides its public key through a well-known discovery endpoint
-
-  (similar to https://accounts.google.com/.well-known/openid-configuration)
-
-- There is no such endpoint for the Service Account key pair
-
-- But we can provide the public key ourselves for verification
-
----
-
-class: extra-details
-
-## Verifying a Service Account token
-
-- On clusters provisioned with kubeadm, the Service Account key pair is:
-
-  `/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.key` (used by the controller manager to generate tokens)
-
-  `/etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub` (used by the API server to validate the same tokens)
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Display the public key used to sign Service Account tokens:
-  ```bash
-  sudo cat /etc/kubernetes/pki/sa.pub
-  ```
-
-- Copy-paste the key in the "verify signature" area on https://jwt.io
-
-- It should now say "Signature Verified"
-
-]

slides/k8s/operators-design.md

@@ -1,358 +0,0 @@
-## What does it take to write an operator?
-
-- Writing a quick-and-dirty operator, or a POC/MVP, is easy
-
-- Writing a robust operator is hard
-
-- We will describe the general idea
-
-- We will identify some of the associated challenges
-
-- We will list a few tools that can help us
-
----
-
-## Top-down vs. bottom-up
-
-- Both approaches are possible
-
-- Let's see what they entail, and their respective pros and cons
-
----
-
-## Top-down approach
-
-- Start with high-level design (see next slide)
-
-- Pros:
-
-  - can yield cleaner design that will be more robust
-
-- Cons:
-
-  - must be able to anticipate all the events that might happen
-
-  - design will be better only to the extent of what we anticipated
-
-  - hard to anticipate if we don't have production experience
-
----
-
-## High-level design
-
-- What are we solving?
-
-  (e.g.: geographic databases backed by PostGIS with Redis caches)
-
-- What are our use-cases, stories?
-
-  (e.g.: adding/resizing caches and read replicas; load balancing queries)
-
-- What kind of outage do we want to address?
-
-  (e.g.: loss of individual node, pod, volume)
-
-- What are our *non-features*, the things we don't want to address?
-
-  (e.g.: loss of datacenter/zone; differentiating between read and write queries;
-  <br/>
-  cache invalidation; upgrading to newer major versions of Redis, PostGIS, PostgreSQL)
-
----
-
-## Low-level design
-
-- What Custom Resource Definitions do we need?
-
-  (one, many?)
-
-- How will we store configuration information?
-
-  (part of the CRD spec fields, annotations, other?)
-
-- Do we need to store state? If so, where?
-
-  - state that is small and doesn't change much can be stored via the Kubernetes API
-    <br/>
-    (e.g.: leader information, configuration, credentials)
-
-  - things that are big and/or change a lot should go elsewhere
-    <br/>
-    (e.g.: metrics, bigger configuration file like GeoIP)
-
----
-
-class: extra-details
-
-## What can we store via the Kubernetes API?
-
-- The API server stores most Kubernetes resources in etcd
-
-- Etcd is designed for reliability, not for performance
-
-- If our storage needs exceed what etcd can offer, we need to use something else:
-
-  - either directly
-
-  - or by extending the API server
-    <br/>(for instance by using the agregation layer, like [metrics server](https://github.com/kubernetes-incubator/metrics-server) does)
-
----
-
-## Bottom-up approach
-
-- Start with existing Kubernetes resources (Deployment, Stateful Set...)
-
-- Run the system in production
-
-- Add scripts, automation, to facilitate day-to-day operations
-
-- Turn the scripts into an operator
-
-- Pros: simpler to get started; reflects actual use-cases
-
-- Cons: can result in convoluted designs requiring extensive refactor
-
----
-
-## General idea
-
-- Our operator will watch its CRDs *and associated resources*
-
-- Drawing state diagrams and finite state automata helps a lot
-
-- It's OK if some transitions lead to a big catch-all "human intervention"
-
-- Over time, we will learn about new failure modes and add to these diagrams
-
-- It's OK to start with CRD creation / deletion and prevent any modification
-
-  (that's the easy POC/MVP we were talking about)
-
-- *Presentation* and *validation* will help our users
-
-  (more on that later)
-
----
-
-## Challenges
-
-- Reacting to infrastructure disruption can seem hard at first
-
-- Kubernetes gives us a lot of primitives to help:
-
-  - Pods and Persistent Volumes will *eventually* recover
-
-  - Stateful Sets give us easy ways to "add N copies" of a thing
-
-- The real challenges come with configuration changes
-
-  (i.e., what to do when our users update our CRDs)
-
-- Keep in mind that [some] of the [largest] cloud [outages] haven't been caused by [natural catastrophes], or even code bugs, but by configuration changes
-
-[some]: https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/news/gcp-outage-mainone-leaked-google-cloudflare-ip-addresses-china-telecom/
-[largest]: https://aws.amazon.com/message/41926/
-[outages]: https://aws.amazon.com/message/65648/
-[natural catastrophes]: https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/amazon/aws-says-it-s-never-seen-whole-data-center-go-down
-
----
-
-## Configuration changes
-
-- It is helpful to analyze and understand how Kubernetes controllers work:
-
-  - watch resource for modifications
-
-  - compare desired state (CRD) and current state
-
-  - issue actions to converge state
-
-- Configuration changes will probably require *another* state diagram or FSA
-
-- Again, it's OK to have transitions labeled as "unsupported"
-
-  (i.e. reject some modifications because we can't execute them)
-
----
-
-## Tools
-
-- CoreOS / RedHat Operator Framework
-
-  [GitHub](https://github.com/operator-framework)
-  |
-  [Blog](https://developers.redhat.com/blog/2018/12/18/introduction-to-the-kubernetes-operator-framework/)
-  |
-  [Intro talk](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8k_ayO1VRXE)
-  |
-  [Deep dive talk](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fu7ecA2rXmc)
-  |
-  [Simple example](https://medium.com/faun/writing-your-first-kubernetes-operator-8f3df4453234)
-
-- Zalando Kubernetes Operator Pythonic Framework (KOPF)
-
-  [GitHub](https://github.com/zalando-incubator/kopf)
-  |
-  [Docs](https://kopf.readthedocs.io/)
-  |
-  [Step-by-step tutorial](https://kopf.readthedocs.io/en/stable/walkthrough/problem/)
-
-- Mesosphere Kubernetes Universal Declarative Operator (KUDO)
-
-  [GitHub](https://github.com/kudobuilder/kudo)
-  |
-  [Blog](https://mesosphere.com/blog/announcing-maestro-a-declarative-no-code-approach-to-kubernetes-day-2-operators/)
-  |
-  [Docs](https://kudo.dev/)
-  |
-  [Zookeeper example](https://github.com/kudobuilder/frameworks/tree/master/repo/stable/zookeeper)
-
----
-
-## Validation
-
-- By default, a CRD is "free form"
-
-  (we can put pretty much anything we want in it)
-
-- When creating a CRD, we can provide an OpenAPI v3 schema
-  ([Example](https://github.com/amaizfinance/redis-operator/blob/master/deploy/crds/k8s_v1alpha1_redis_crd.yaml#L34))
-
-- The API server will then validate resources created/edited with this schema
-
-- If we need a stronger validation, we can use a Validating Admission Webhook:
-
-  - run an [admission webhook server](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/extensible-admission-controllers/#write-an-admission-webhook-server) to receive validation requests
-
-  - register the webhook by creating a [ValidatingWebhookConfiguration](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/extensible-admission-controllers/#configure-admission-webhooks-on-the-fly)
-
-  - each time the API server receives a request matching the configuration,
-    <br/>the request is sent to our server for validation
-
----
-
-## Presentation
-
-- By default, `kubectl get mycustomresource` won't display much information
-
-  (just the name and age of each resource)
-
-- When creating a CRD, we can specify additional columns to print
-  ([Example](https://github.com/amaizfinance/redis-operator/blob/master/deploy/crds/k8s_v1alpha1_redis_crd.yaml#L6),
-  [Docs](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-kubernetes-api/custom-resources/custom-resource-definitions/#additional-printer-columns))
-
-- By default, `kubectl describe mycustomresource` will also be generic
-
-- `kubectl describe` can show events related to our custom resources
-
-  (for that, we need to create Event resources, and fill the `involvedObject` field)
-
-- For scalable resources, we can define a `scale` sub-resource
-
-- This will enable the use of `kubectl scale` and other scaling-related operations
-
----
-
-## About scaling
-
-- It is possible to use the HPA (Horizontal Pod Autoscaler) with CRDs
-
-- But it is not always desirable
-
-- The HPA works very well for homogenous, stateless workloads
-
-- For other workloads, your mileage may vary
-
-- Some systems can scale across multiple dimensions
-
-  (for instance: increase number of replicas, or number of shards?)
-
-- If autoscaling is desired, the operator will have to take complex decisions
-
-  (example: Zalando's Elasticsearch Operator ([Video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lprE0J0kAq0)))
-
----
-
-## Versioning
-
-- As our operator evolves over time, we may have to change the CRD
-
-  (add, remove, change fields)
-
-- Like every other resource in Kubernetes, [custom resources are versioned](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-kubernetes-api/custom-resources/custom-resource-definition-versioning/
-)
-
-- When creating a CRD, we need to specify a *list* of versions
-
-- Versions can be marked as `stored` and/or `served`
-
----
-
-## Stored version
-
-- Exactly one version has to be marked as the `stored` version
-
-- As the name implies, it is the one that will be stored in etcd
-
-- Resources in storage are never converted automatically
-
-  (we need to read and re-write them ourselves)
-
-- Yes, this means that we can have different versions in etcd at any time
-
-- Our code needs to handle all the versions that still exist in storage
-
----
-
-## Served versions
-
-- By default, the Kubernetes API will serve resources "as-is"
-
-  (using their stored version)
-
-- It will assume that all versions are compatible storage-wise
-
-  (i.e. that the spec and fields are compatible between versions)
-
-- We can provide [conversion webhooks](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/access-kubernetes-api/custom-resources/custom-resource-definition-versioning/#webhook-conversion) to "translate" requests
-
-  (the alternative is to upgrade all stored resources and stop serving old versions)
-
----
-
-## Operator reliability
-
-- Remember that the operator itself must be resilient
-
-  (e.g.: the node running it can fail)
-
-- Our operator must be able to restart and recover gracefully
-
-- Do not store state locally
-
-  (unless we can reconstruct that state when we restart)
-
-- As indicated earlier, we can use the Kubernetes API to store data:
-
-  - in the custom resources themselves
-
-  - in other resources' annotations
-
----
-
-## Beyond CRDs
-
-- CRDs cannot use custom storage (e.g. for time series data)
-
-- CRDs cannot support arbitrary subresources (like logs or exec for Pods)
-
-- CRDs cannot support protobuf (for faster, more efficient communication)
-
-- If we need these things, we can use the [aggregation layer](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/apiserver-aggregation/) instead
-
-- The aggregation layer proxies all requests below a specific path to another server
-
-  (this is used e.g. by the metrics server)
-
-- [This documentation page](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/#choosing-a-method-for-adding-custom-resources) compares the features of CRDs and API aggregation

slides/k8s/operators.md

@@ -1,391 +0,0 @@
-# Operators
-
-- Operators are one of the many ways to extend Kubernetes
-
-- We will define operators
-
-- We will see how they work
-
-- We will install a specific operator (for ElasticSearch)
-
-- We will use it to provision an ElasticSearch cluster
-
----
-
-## What are operators?
-
-*An operator represents **human operational knowledge in software,**
-<br/>
-to reliably manage an application.
-— [CoreOS](https://coreos.com/blog/introducing-operators.html)*
-
-Examples:
-
-- Deploying and configuring replication with MySQL, PostgreSQL ...
-
-- Setting up Elasticsearch, Kafka, RabbitMQ, Zookeeper ...
-
-- Reacting to failures when intervention is needed
-
-- Scaling up and down these systems
-
----
-
-## What are they made from?
-
-- Operators combine two things:
-
-  - Custom Resource Definitions
-
-  - controller code watching the corresponding resources and acting upon them
-
-- A given operator can define one or multiple CRDs
-
-- The controller code (control loop) typically runs within the cluster
-
-  (running as a Deployment with 1 replica is a common scenario)
-
-- But it could also run elsewhere
-
-  (nothing mandates that the code run on the cluster, as long as it has API access)
-
----
-
-## Why use operators?
-
-- Kubernetes gives us Deployments, StatefulSets, Services ...
-
-- These mechanisms give us building blocks to deploy applications
-
-- They work great for services that are made of *N* identical containers
-
-  (like stateless ones)
-
-- They also work great for some stateful applications like Consul, etcd ...
-
-  (with the help of highly persistent volumes)
-
-- They're not enough for complex services:
-
-  - where different containers have different roles
-
-  - where extra steps have to be taken when scaling or replacing containers
-
----
-
-## Use-cases for operators
-
-- Systems with primary/secondary replication
-
-  Examples: MariaDB, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Redis ...
-
-- Systems where different groups of nodes have different roles
-
-  Examples: ElasticSearch, MongoDB ...
-
-- Systems with complex dependencies (that are themselves managed with operators)
-
-  Examples: Flink or Kafka, which both depend on Zookeeper
-
----
-
-## More use-cases
-
-- Representing and managing external resources
-
-  (Example: [AWS Service Operator](https://operatorhub.io/operator/alpha/aws-service-operator.v0.0.1))
-
-- Managing complex cluster add-ons
-
-  (Example: [Istio operator](https://operatorhub.io/operator/beta/istio-operator.0.1.6))
-
-- Deploying and managing our applications' lifecycles
-
-  (more on that later)
-
----
-
-## How operators work
-
-- An operator creates one or more CRDs
-
-  (i.e., it creates new "Kinds" of resources on our cluster)
-
-- The operator also runs a *controller* that will watch its resources
-
-- Each time we create/update/delete a resource, the controller is notified
-
-  (we could write our own cheap controller with `kubectl get --watch`)
-
----
-
-## One operator in action
-
-- We will install the UPMC Enterprises ElasticSearch operator
-
-- This operator requires PersistentVolumes
-
-- We will install Rancher's [local path storage provisioner](https://github.com/rancher/local-path-provisioner) to automatically create these
-
-- Then, we will create an ElasticSearch resource
-
-- The operator will detect that resource and provision the cluster
-
----
-
-## Installing a Persistent Volume provisioner
-
-(This step can be skipped if you already have a dynamic volume provisioner.)
-
-- This provisioner creates Persistent Volumes backed by `hostPath`
-
-  (local directories on our nodes)
-
-- It doesn't require anything special ...
-
-- ... But losing a node = losing the volumes on that node!
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Install the local path storage provisioner:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl apply -f ~/container.training/k8s/local-path-storage.yaml
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Making sure we have a default StorageClass
-
-- The ElasticSearch operator will create StatefulSets
-
-- These StatefulSets will instantiate PersistentVolumeClaims
-
-- These PVCs need to be explicitly associated with a StorageClass
-
-- Or we need to tag a StorageClass to be used as the default one
-
-.exercise[
-
-- List StorageClasses:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get storageclasses
-  ```
-
-]
-
-We should see the `local-path` StorageClass.
-
----
-
-## Setting a default StorageClass
-
-- This is done by adding an annotation to the StorageClass:
-
-  `storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class: true`
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Tag the StorageClass so that it's the default one:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl annotate storageclass local-path \
-            storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class=true
-  ```
-
-- Check the result:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get storageclasses
-  ```
-
-]
-
-Now, the StorageClass should have `(default)` next to its name.
-
----
-
-## Install the ElasticSearch operator
-
-- The operator needs:
-
-  - a Deployment for its controller
-  - a ServiceAccount, ClusterRole, ClusterRoleBinding for permissions
-  - a Namespace
-
-- We have grouped all the definitions for these resources in a YAML file
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Install the operator:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl apply -f ~/container.training/k8s/elasticsearch-operator.yaml
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Wait for the operator to be ready
-
-- Some operators require to create their CRDs separately
-
-- This operator will create its CRD itself
-
-  (i.e. the CRD is not listed in the YAML that we applied earlier)
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Wait until the `elasticsearchclusters` CRD shows up:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get crds
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Create an ElasticSearch resource
-
-- We can now create a resource with `kind: ElasticsearchCluster`
-
-- The YAML for that resource will specify all the desired parameters:
-
-  - how many nodes do we want of each type (client, master, data)
-  - image to use
-  - add-ons (kibana, cerebro, ...)
-  - whether to use TLS or not
-  - etc.
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Create our ElasticSearch cluster:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl apply -f ~/container.training/k8s/elasticsearch-cluster.yaml
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Operator in action
-
-- Over the next minutes, the operator will create:
-
-  - StatefulSets (one for master nodes, one for data nodes)
-
-  - Deployments (for client nodes; and for add-ons like cerebro and kibana)
-
-  - Services (for all these pods)
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Wait for all the StatefulSets to be fully up and running:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get statefulsets -w
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Connecting to our cluster
-
-- Since connecting directly to the ElasticSearch API is a bit raw,
-  <br/>we'll connect to the cerebro frontend instead
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Edit the cerebro service to change its type from ClusterIP to NodePort:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl patch svc cerebro-es -p "spec: { type: NodePort }"
-  ```
-
-- Retrieve the NodePort that was allocated:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get svc cerebro-es
-  ```
-
-- Connect to that port with a browser
-
-]
-
----
-
-## (Bonus) Setup filebeat
-
-- Let's send some data to our brand new ElasticSearch cluster!
-
-- We'll deploy a filebeat DaemonSet to collect node logs
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Deploy filebeat:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl apply -f ~/container.training/k8s/filebeat.yaml
-  ```
-
-]
-
-We should see at least one index being created in cerebro.
-
----
-
-## (Bonus) Access log data with kibana
-
-- Let's expose kibana (by making kibana-es a NodePort too)
-
-- Then access kibana
-
-- We'll need to configure kibana indexes
-
----
-
-## Deploying our apps with operators
-
-- It is very simple to deploy with `kubectl run` / `kubectl expose`
-
-- We can unlock more features by writing YAML and using `kubectl apply`
-
-- Kustomize or Helm let us deploy in multiple environments
-
-  (and adjust/tweak parameters in each environment)
-
-- We can also use an operator to deploy our application
-
----
-
-## Pros and cons of deploying with operators
-
-- The app definition and configuration is persisted in the Kubernetes API
-
-- Multiple instances of the app can be manipulated with `kubectl get`
-
-- We can add labels, annotations to the app instances
-
-- Our controller can execute custom code for any lifecycle event
-
-- However, we need to write this controller
-
-- We need to be careful about changes
-
-  (what happens when the resource `spec` is updated?)
-
----
-
-## Operators are not magic
-
-- Look at the ElasticSearch resource definition
-
-  (`~/container.training/k8s/elasticsearch-cluster.yaml`)
-
-- What should happen if we flip the `use-tls` flag? Twice?
-
-- What should happen if we remove / re-add the kibana or cerebro sections?
-
-- What should happen if we change the number of nodes?
-
-- What if we want different images or parameters for the different nodes?
-
-*Operators can be very powerful.
-<br/>
-But we need to know exactly the scenarios that they can handle.*

slides/k8s/podsecuritypolicy.md

@@ -8,18 +8,12 @@
 
 - Then we will explain how to avoid this with PodSecurityPolicies
 
-- We will enable PodSecurityPolicies on our cluster
-
-- We will create a couple of policies (restricted and permissive)
-
-- Finally we will see how to use them to improve security on our cluster
+- We will illustrate this by creating a non-privileged user limited to a namespace
 
 ---
 
 ## Setting up a namespace
 
-- For simplicity, let's work in a separate namespace
-
 - Let's create a new namespace called "green"
 
 .exercise[
@@ -38,9 +32,168 @@
 
 ---
 
+## Using limited credentials
+
+- When a namespace is created, a `default` ServiceAccount is added
+
+- By default, this ServiceAccount doesn't have any access rights
+
+- We will use this ServiceAccount as our non-privileged user
+
+- We will obtain this ServiceAccount's token and add it to a context
+
+- Then we will give basic access rights to this ServiceAccount
+
+---
+
+## Obtaining the ServiceAccount's token
+
+- The token is stored in a Secret
+
+- The Secret is listed in the ServiceAccount
+
+.exercise[
+
+- Obtain the name of the Secret from the ServiceAccount::
+  ```bash
+  SECRET=$(kubectl get sa default -o jsonpath={.secrets[0].name})
+  ```
+
+- Extract the token from the Secret object:
+  ```bash
+  TOKEN=$(kubectl get secrets $SECRET -o jsonpath={.data.token}
+          | base64 -d)
+  ```
+
+]
+
+---
+
+class: extra-details
+
+## Inspecting a Kubernetes token
+
+- Kubernetes tokens are JSON Web Tokens
+
+  (as defined by [RFC 7519](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519))
+
+- We can view their content (and even verify them) easily
+
+.exercise[
+
+- Display the token that we obtained:
+  ```bash
+  echo $TOKEN
+  ```
+
+- Copy paste the token in the verification form on https://jwt.io
+
+]
+
+---
+
+## Authenticating using the ServiceAccount token
+
+- Let's create a new *context* accessing our cluster with that token
+
+.exercise[
+
+- First, add the token credentials to our kubeconfig file:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl config set-credentials green --token=$TOKEN
+  ```
+
+- Then, create a new context using these credentials:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl config set-context green --user=green --cluster=kubernetes
+  ```
+
+- Check the results:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl config get-contexts
+  ```
+
+]
+
+---
+
+## Using the new context
+
+- Normally, this context doesn't let us access *anything* (yet)
+
+.exercise[
+
+- Change to the new context with one of these two commands:
+  ```bash
+  kctx green
+  kubectl config use-context green
+  ```
+
+- Also change to the green namespace in that context:
+  ```bash
+  kns green
+  ```
+
+- Confirm that we don't have access to anything:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl get all
+  ```
+
+]
+
+---
+
+## Giving basic access rights
+
+- Let's bind the ClusterRole `edit` to our ServiceAccount
+
+- To allow access only to the namespace, we use a RoleBinding
+
+  (instead of a ClusterRoleBinding, which would give global access)
+
+.exercise[
+
+- Switch back to `cluster-admin`:
+  ```bash
+  kctx -
+  ```
+
+- Create the Role Binding:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl create rolebinding green --clusterrole=edit --serviceaccount=green:default
+  ```
+
+]
+
+---
+
+## Verifying access rights
+
+- Let's switch back to the `green` context and check that we have rights
+
+.exercise[
+
+- Switch back to `green`:
+  ```bash
+  kctx green
+  ```
+
+- Check our permissions:
+  ```bash
+  kubectl get all
+  ```
+
+]
+
+We should see an empty list.
+
+(Better than a series of permission errors!)
+
+---
+
 ## Creating a basic Deployment
 
-- Just to check that everything works correctly, deploy NGINX
+- Just to demonstrate that everything works correctly, deploy NGINX
 
 .exercise[
 
@@ -49,7 +202,7 @@
   kubectl create deployment web --image=nginx
   ```
 
-- Confirm that the Deployment, ReplicaSet, and Pod exist, and that the Pod is running:
+- Confirm that the Deployment, ReplicaSet, and Pod exist, and Pod is running:
   ```bash
   kubectl get all
   ```
@@ -163,7 +316,7 @@
 - If we create a Pod directly, it can use a PSP to which *we* have access
 
 - If the Pod is created by e.g. a ReplicaSet or DaemonSet, it's different:
-
+ 
   - the ReplicaSet / DaemonSet controllers don't have access to *our* policies
 
   - therefore, we need to give access to the PSP to the Pod's ServiceAccount
@@ -178,7 +331,7 @@
 
 - Then we will create a couple of PodSecurityPolicies
 
-- ...And associated ClusterRoles (giving `use` access to the policies)
+- ... And associated ClusterRoles (giving `use` access to the policies)
 
 - Then we will create RoleBindings to grant these roles to ServiceAccounts
 
@@ -212,7 +365,7 @@
 
 - Have a look at the static pods:
   ```bash
-  ls -l /etc/kubernetes/manifests
+  ls -l /etc/kubernetes/manifest
   ```
 
 - Edit the one corresponding to the API server:
@@ -236,7 +389,7 @@
 
 - Add `PodSecurityPolicy`
 
-  It should read: `--enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction,PodSecurityPolicy`
+  (It should read `--enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction,PodSecurityPolicy`)
 
 - Save, quit
 
@@ -321,65 +474,12 @@ We can get hints at what's happening by looking at the ReplicaSet and Events.
 
 ---
 
-## Check that we can create Pods again
-
-- We haven't bound the policy to any user yet
-
-- But `cluster-admin` can implicitly `use` all policies
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Check that we can now create a Pod directly:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl run testpsp3 --image=nginx --restart=Never
-  ```
-
-- Create a Deployment as well:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl run testpsp4 --image=nginx
-  ```
-
-- Confirm that the Deployment is *not* creating any Pods:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get all
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## What's going on?
-
-- We can create Pods directly (thanks to our root-like permissions)
-
-- The Pods corresponding to a Deployment are created by the ReplicaSet controller
-
-- The ReplicaSet controller does *not* have root-like permissions
-
-- We need to either:
-
-  - grant permissions to the ReplicaSet controller
-
-  *or*
-
-  - grant permissions to our Pods' ServiceAccount
-
-- The first option would allow *anyone* to create pods
-
-- The second option will allow us to scope the permissions better
-
----
-
 ## Binding the restricted policy
 
 - Let's bind the role `psp:restricted` to ServiceAccount `green:default`
 
   (aka the default ServiceAccount in the green Namespace)
 
-- This will allow Pod creation in the green Namespace
-
-  (because these Pods will be using that ServiceAccount automatically)
-
 .exercise[
 
 - Create the following RoleBinding:
@@ -395,17 +495,18 @@ We can get hints at what's happening by looking at the ReplicaSet and Events.
 
 ## Trying it out
 
-- The Deployments that we created earlier will *eventually* recover
-
-  (the ReplicaSet controller will retry to create Pods once in a while)
-
-- If we create a new Deployment now, it should work immediately
+- Let's switch to the `green` context, and try to create resources
 
 .exercise[
 
+- Switch to the `green` context:
+  ```bash
+  kctx green
+  ```
+
 - Create a simple Deployment:
   ```bash
-  kubectl create deployment testpsp5 --image=nginx
+  kubectl create deployment web --image=nginx
   ```
 
 - Look at the Pods that have been created:
@@ -485,7 +586,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
 - Our cluster is currently broken
 
-  (we can't create pods in namespaces kube-system, default, ...)
+  (we can't create pods in kube-system, default, ...)
 
 - We need to either:
 

slides/k8s/prometheus.md

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 - We don't endorse Prometheus more or less than any other system
 
-- It's relatively well integrated within the cloud-native ecosystem
+- It's relatively well integrated within the Cloud Native ecosystem
 
 - It can be self-hosted (this is useful for tutorials like this)
 
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ We need to:
 
 - Run the *node exporter* on each node (with a Daemon Set)
 
-- Set up a Service Account so that Prometheus can query the Kubernetes API
+- Setup a Service Account so that Prometheus can query the Kubernetes API
 
 - Configure the Prometheus server
 
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
 ## Explaining all the Helm flags
 
-- `helm upgrade prometheus` → upgrade release "prometheus" to the latest version...
+- `helm upgrade prometheus` → upgrade release "prometheus" to the latest version ...
 
   (a "release" is a unique name given to an app deployed with Helm)
 
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
 ## Querying some metrics
 
-- This is easy... if you are familiar with PromQL
+- This is easy ... if you are familiar with PromQL
 
 .exercise[
 
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ container_cpu_usage_seconds_total
 
   - that it's the total used since the container creation
 
-- Since it's a "total," it is an increasing quantity
+- Since it's a "total", it is an increasing quantity
 
   (we need to compute the derivative if we want e.g. CPU % over time)
 
@@ -433,9 +433,9 @@ class: extra-details
 
 - I/O activity (disk, network), per operation or volume
 
-- Physical/hardware (when applicable): temperature, fan speed...
+- Physical/hardware (when applicable): temperature, fan speed ...
 
-- ...and much more!
+- ... and much more!
 
 ---
 
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ class: extra-details
 - RAM breakdown will be different
 
   - active vs inactive memory
-  - some memory is *shared* between containers, and specially accounted for
+  - some memory is *shared* between containers, and accounted specially
 
 - I/O activity is also harder to track
 
@@ -467,11 +467,11 @@ class: extra-details
 
 - Arbitrary metrics related to your application and business
 
-- System performance: request latency, error rate...
+- System performance: request latency, error rate ...
 
-- Volume information: number of rows in database, message queue size...
+- Volume information: number of rows in database, message queue size ...
 
-- Business data: inventory, items sold, revenue...
+- Business data: inventory, items sold, revenue ...
 
 ---
 
@@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
 ## Querying labels
 
-- What if we want to get metrics for containers belonging to a pod tagged `worker`?
+- What if we want to get metrics for containers belong to pod tagged `worker`?
 
 - The cAdvisor exporter does not give us Kubernetes labels
 
@@ -541,8 +541,8 @@ class: extra-details
 
 - That person can set up queries and dashboards for the rest of the team
 
-- It's a little bit like knowing how to optimize SQL queries, Dockerfiles...
+- It's a little bit likeknowing how to optimize SQL queries, Dockerfiles ...
 
   Don't panic if you don't know these tools!
 
-  ...But make sure at least one person in your team is on it 💯
+  ... But make sure at least one person in your team is on it 💯