mirror of
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189 lines
5.2 KiB
Markdown
189 lines
5.2 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: WSL + Linux
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homepage: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/compare-versions
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tagline: |
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WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) lets you run Linux seemlessly on Windows.
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---
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## Read Carefully!
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1. Run **Windows Update** and reboot before attempting to install WSL.
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2. You will be prompted to give the installer **Admin** access.\
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WSL is an exception to our "no sudo" rule.
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3. You must **run the installer again**, after a **Restart**.\
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WSL 2 must be installed after WSL 1.
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Since _WSL 2_ is not compatible with all system, _WSL 1_ is the _default_.
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## Cheat Sheet
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> WSL lets you run Linux seemlessly on Windows.
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>
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> The Windows Subsystem for Linux has two modes:
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>
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> - **_WSL 1_** - a Windows Kernel syscall wrapper (similar to WINE)
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> - **_WSL 2_** - a true Linux Kernel run with Hyper-V virtualization
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>
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> Each mode has its
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> [tradeoffs](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/compare-versions),
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> but the main differences are that WSL 1 has better compatibility with
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> inexpensive laptops and better seemless integration with the Windows file
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> system and that WSL 2 can run certain low-level software (such as for
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> networking and virtual file systems) that WSL 1 cannot.
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Once installed,
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[Ubuntu Linux 20.04](https://www.microsoft.com/store/apps/9n6svws3rx71) will be
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available from the **Windows Start Menu**.
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You can use the `wsl` command to start Ubuntu Linux with the `wsl` command, but
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only **after** clicking on it in the Windows Start Menu to add a `username` and
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`password`.
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- **Username**: We recommend `app` as the username (this is a common convention)
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- The `root` (admin) account always exists, no matter what username you pick
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- **Password**: You can change the password at any time:
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- For `app`: `wsl -u root passwd app`
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- For `root`: `wsl -u root passwd`
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### How to Launch Linux
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How to launch the default Linux:
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```pwsh
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wsl.exe
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```
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How to launch a specific Linux distribution with `-d`:
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```pwsh
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wsl.exe --list --verbose
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wsl.exe -d Ubuntu-20.04
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```
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**Note**: Linux is _NOT AVAILABLE_ until you complete the installation and
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create a username and password.
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### How to Set or Reset Linux Password
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To reset the `root` password:
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```pwsh
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wsl -d Ubuntu-20.04 -u root passwd
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```
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To reset the `app` user's password:
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```pwsh
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wsl -d Ubuntu-20.04 -u root passwd app
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```
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### How to Run a Single Linux Command
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Assuming you want to run `ls ~/` as the default user:
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```pwsh
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wsl -- ls ~/
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```
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Assuming your username is `app` and you wanted to run `ls`:
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```pwsh
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wsl -d Ubuntu-20.04 -u app -- ls ~/
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```
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### How to Switch Between WSL 1 and WSL 2
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Despite the name, WSL 2 is neither a "better" version of nor a replacement for
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WSL 1. Rather WSL 1 uses a syscall wrapper (much like WINE) whereas WSL 2 uses
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Hyper-V virtualization.
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You can start a Linux install in either mode and switch between the two as
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desired.
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Either by setting the per Linux install:
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```pwsh
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wsl --list --verbose
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```
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```pwsh
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wsl --set-version Ubuntu-20.04 1
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# or
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wsl --set-version Ubuntu-20.04 2
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```
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Or by setting the global default:
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```pwsh
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wsl --set-default-version 1
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# or
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wsl --set-default-version 2
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```
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Note that you _cannot_ set the mode before rebooting.
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See also <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/wsl2-index>.
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### How to Install WSL with PowerShell
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1. Install WSL 1 + parts of WSL 2
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```pwsh
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# Install WSL 1
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dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart
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# Install VirtualMachinePlatform for WSL 2
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dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart
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```
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2. Install Ubuntu Linux
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```pwsh
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# Install Ubunut Linux
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curl.exe -L -o Ubuntu_2004_x64.appx https://aka.ms/wslubuntu2004
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powershell Add-AppxPackage Ubuntu_2004_x64.appx
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```
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3. Reboot
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4. Finish installing WSL 2 (copying the `kernel` twice for good measure)
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```pwsh
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# Download and Install the WSL 2 Update (contains Microsoft Linux kernel)
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& curl.exe -f -o wsl_update_x64.msi "https://wslstorestorage.blob.core.windows.net/wslblob/wsl_update_x64.msi"
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powershell -Command "Start-Process msiexec -Wait -ArgumentList '/a ""wsl_update_x64.msi"" /quiet /qn TARGETDIR=""C:\Temp""'"
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Copy-Item -Path "$env:TEMP\System32\lxss" -Destination "C:\System32" -Recurse
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# Also install the WSL 2 update with a normal full install
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powershell -Command "Start-Process msiexec -Wait -ArgumentList '/i','wsl_update_x64.msi','/quiet','/qn'"
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```
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5. Then click Ubuntu Linux in the start menu.
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See also:
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- <https://github.com/microsoft/WSL/issues/5014#issuecomment-692432322>
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- <https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-manual>.
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### Errors: Feature Not Installed & Nested VMs
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The most likely problem is that you're on a computer that does not support WSL 2
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(or the necessary VT-x options have been disabled).
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The simplest workaround is to switch back to WSL 1:
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```pwsh
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wsl --set-default-version 1
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wsl --set-version Ubuntu-20.04 1
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```
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See also <https://webinstall.dev/wsl2> (errors section).
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## References
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- https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10
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- https://github.com/microsoft/WSL/issues/5014
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- https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/wsl2-index
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- https://aka.ms/wsl2kernel
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- https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-manual
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