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114 lines
3.3 KiB
Markdown
114 lines
3.3 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Python 3 (via pyenv)
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homepage: https://webinstall.dev/pyenv
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tagline: |
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Python is an easy-to-learn, introductory programming language.
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---
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To update or switch versions, run `pyenv install -v 3` (or `3.10`, etc).
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### Files
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These are the files / directories that are created and/or modified with this
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install:
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```sh
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~/.config/envman/PATH.env
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~/.pyenv/bin/
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~/.pyenv/shims/
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# pyenv also loads shell hooks via
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~/.bashrc
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~/.config/fish/config.fish
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~/.zshrc
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```
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### How to Install python3 on macOS
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Install Xcode tools first:
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```sh
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xcode-select --install
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```
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### How to Install python3 on Linux
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Make sure that you already have the necessary build tools installed:
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```sh
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# required
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sudo apt update
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sudo apt install -y build-essential zlib1g-dev libssl-dev
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# recommended
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sudo apt install -y libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev \
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libffi-dev libbz2-dev liblzma-dev
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```
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## Cheat Sheet
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Python is a introductory programming language that focuses on Software
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Engineering principles - as laid out in _The Zen of Python_ (above).
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Note: `pyenv` (used here) is the only way you should ever install Python,
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otherwise you risk messing up your system version of python, and existing python
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projects.
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## How to reset to the system python?
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`pyenv` installs a conflict-free version of python that will not interfere with
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system utilities (which is why we love it so much).
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However, in the rare event that you need to switch your user profile's python
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back to the system version, you can do so:
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```sh
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pyenv global system
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```
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## How to use a specific version of python in a project?
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Go into the root of your project repository and run this, for example:
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```sh
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pyenv local -v 3.10.0
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```
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Change 3.10.0 to the version you want for that project, of course. 😁
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## Where to learn Python?
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[Learn Python 3 The Hard Way](https://learnpythonthehardway.org) is probably the
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best beginner resource.
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- [Physical Book + Video Course](https://amzn.to/3opwwxT) -
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- [eBook + Video Course](https://shop.learncodethehardway.org/access/buy/9/)
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- [Free Digital Copy](https://learnpythonthehardway.org/python3/)
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## What to learn after Python?
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Python's a great language for learning to program and it still has a lot of
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practical uses, but it's a product of its time and not as well-suited for modern
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web development as more modern languages that were designed to handle the types
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of problems that exist for programmers in today's world.
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What are the best alternatives?
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- [Go](https://webinstall.dev/golang) is a better choice for systems programming
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and web development, and "is a language you can learn in a weekend".
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- [Rust](https://webinstall.dev/rustlang) is a better choice for games and
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machine learning, but may be more difficult to master.
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- [Node](https://webinstall.dev/node) is a better choice for web programming and
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programmer tooling.
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That all said, it's probably still worth it to learn Python first - it has much
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better learning resources than Node, and the learning resources for Go and Rust
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typically assume you've had experience with one of the languages they replace...
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such as Python.
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Once you learn _how to program_, you can easily apply that to _any_ language.
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90%+ of programming is _programming_. Maybe 10% is the language you choose.
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