Merge branch 'main' into chore/depot

Co-authored-by: Kyle Mendell <kmendell@ofkm.us>
Co-authored-by: Kyle Mendell <ksm@ofkm.us>

.github/workflows/backend-linter.yml

@@ -17,14 +17,15 @@ permissions:
   pull-requests: read
   # Optional: allow write access to checks to allow the action to annotate code in the PR.
   checks: write
+  id-token: write
 
 jobs:
   golangci-lint:
     name: Run Golangci-lint
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: depot-ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Set up Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v6

.github/workflows/build-next.yml

@@ -9,43 +9,39 @@ concurrency:
   group: build-next-image
   cancel-in-progress: true
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  packages: write
+  id-token: write
+  attestations: write
+
 jobs:
   build-next:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      packages: write
-      id-token: write
-      attestations: write
+    runs-on: depot-ubuntu-latest
+
+    env:
+      CONTAINER_IMAGE_NAME: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository_owner }}/pocket-id
+
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Setup pnpm
         uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
 
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
           node-version: 24
+          cache: "pnpm"
 
       - name: Setup Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v6
         with:
           go-version-file: "backend/go.mod"
 
-      - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
-
-      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
-
-      - name: Set DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME
-        run: |
-          # Lowercase REPO_OWNER which is required for containers
-          REPO_OWNER=${{ github.repository_owner }}
-          DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME="ghcr.io/${REPO_OWNER,,}/pocket-id"
-          echo "DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME=${DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME}" >>${GITHUB_ENV}
+      - name: Set up Depot CLI
+        uses: depot/setup-action@v1
 
       - name: Login to GitHub Container Registry
         uses: docker/login-action@v3
@@ -54,6 +50,40 @@ jobs:
           username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
           password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
 
+      - name: Container Image Metadata
+        id: meta
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+        with:
+          images: ${{ env.CONTAINER_IMAGE_NAME }}
+          tags: |
+            type=raw,value=next
+          labels: |
+            org.opencontainers.image.authors=Pocket ID
+            org.opencontainers.image.url=https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id
+            org.opencontainers.image.documentation=https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/blob/main/README.md
+            org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id
+            org.opencontainers.image.version=next
+            org.opencontainers.image.licenses=BSD-2-Clause
+            org.opencontainers.image.ref.name=pocket-id
+            org.opencontainers.image.title=Pocket ID
+
+      - name: Container Image Metadata
+        id: distroless-meta
+        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+        with:
+          images: ${{ env.CONTAINER_IMAGE_NAME }}
+          tags: |
+            type=raw,value=next-distroless
+          labels: |
+            org.opencontainers.image.authors=Pocket ID
+            org.opencontainers.image.url=https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id
+            org.opencontainers.image.documentation=https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/blob/main/README.md
+            org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id
+            org.opencontainers.image.version=next-distroless
+            org.opencontainers.image.licenses=BSD-2-Clause
+            org.opencontainers.image.ref.name=pocket-id
+            org.opencontainers.image.title=Pocket ID
+
       - name: Install frontend dependencies
         run: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
 
@@ -66,31 +96,40 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Build and push container image
         id: build-push-image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: depot/build-push-action@v1
         with:
           context: .
+          file: docker/Dockerfile-prebuilt
           platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
           push: true
-          tags: ${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}:next
-          file: docker/Dockerfile-prebuilt
+          tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
+          labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
+          sbom: true
+          provenance: true
+
       - name: Build and push container image (distroless)
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: depot/build-push-action@v1
         id: container-build-push-distroless
         with:
           context: .
+          file: docker/Dockerfile-distroless
           platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
           push: true
-          tags: ${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}:next-distroless
-          file: docker/Dockerfile-distroless
+          tags: ${{ steps.distroless-meta.outputs.tags }}
+          labels: ${{ steps.distroless-meta.outputs.labels }}
+          sbom: true
+          provenance: true
+
       - name: Container image attestation
         uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v2
         with:
-          subject-name: "${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}"
+          subject-name: "${{ env.CONTAINER_IMAGE_NAME }}"
           subject-digest: ${{ steps.build-push-image.outputs.digest }}
           push-to-registry: true
+
       - name: Container image attestation (distroless)
         uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v2
         with:
-          subject-name: "${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}"
+          subject-name: "${{ env.CONTAINER_IMAGE_NAME }}"
           subject-digest: ${{ steps.container-build-push-distroless.outputs.digest }}
           push-to-registry: true

.github/workflows/e2e-tests.yml

@@ -13,47 +13,15 @@ on:
       - "**.md"
       - ".github/**"
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  actions: write
+  id-token: write
+
 jobs:
-  build:
-    if: github.event.pull_request.head.ref != 'i18n_crowdin'
-    timeout-minutes: 20
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      actions: write
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
-
-      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
-
-      - name: Build and export
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
-        with:
-          context: .
-          file: docker/Dockerfile
-          push: false
-          load: false
-          tags: pocket-id:test
-          outputs: type=docker,dest=/tmp/docker-image.tar
-          build-args: BUILD_TAGS=e2etest
-          cache-from: type=gha
-          cache-to: type=gha,mode=max
-
-      - name: Upload Docker image artifact
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: docker-image
-          path: /tmp/docker-image.tar
-          retention-days: 1
-
   test:
     if: github.event.pull_request.head.ref != 'i18n_crowdin'
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      actions: write
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: build
+    runs-on: depot-ubuntu-24.04-32
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
@@ -70,15 +38,22 @@ jobs:
             storage: database
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Setup pnpm
         uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
 
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
           node-version: 24
+          cache: "pnpm"
+
+      - name: Set up Depot CLI
+        uses: depot/setup-action@v1
+
+      - name: Set up Depot Docker builder
+        run: depot configure-docker
 
       - name: Cache Playwright Browsers
         uses: actions/cache@v4
@@ -102,21 +77,6 @@ jobs:
         if: matrix.db == 'postgres' && steps.postgres-cache.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
         run: docker load < /tmp/postgres-image.tar
 
-      - name: Cache LLDAP Docker image
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        id: lldap-cache
-        with:
-          path: /tmp/lldap-image.tar
-          key: lldap-stable-${{ runner.os }}
-      - name: Pull and save LLDAP image
-        if: steps.lldap-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: |
-          docker pull lldap/lldap:2025-05-19
-          docker save lldap/lldap:2025-05-19 > /tmp/lldap-image.tar
-      - name: Load LLDAP image
-        if: steps.lldap-cache.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
-        run: docker load < /tmp/lldap-image.tar
-
       - name: Cache SCIM Test Server Docker image
         uses: actions/cache@v4
         id: scim-cache
@@ -148,31 +108,6 @@ jobs:
         if: matrix.storage == 's3' && steps.s3-cache.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
         run: docker load < /tmp/localstack-s3-image.tar
 
-      - name: Cache AWS CLI Docker image
-        if: matrix.storage == 's3'
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
-        id: aws-cli-cache
-        with:
-          path: /tmp/aws-cli-image.tar
-          key: aws-cli-latest-${{ runner.os }}
-      - name: Pull and save AWS CLI image
-        if: matrix.storage == 's3' && steps.aws-cli-cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        run: |
-          docker pull amazon/aws-cli:latest
-          docker save amazon/aws-cli:latest > /tmp/aws-cli-image.tar
-      - name: Load AWS CLI image
-        if: matrix.storage == 's3' && steps.aws-cli-cache.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
-        run: docker load < /tmp/aws-cli-image.tar
-
-      - name: Download Docker image artifact
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: docker-image
-          path: /tmp
-
-      - name: Load Docker image
-        run: docker load -i /tmp/docker-image.tar
-
       - name: Install test dependencies
         run: pnpm --filter pocket-id-tests install --frozen-lockfile
 
@@ -198,7 +133,7 @@ jobs:
             DOCKER_COMPOSE_FILE=docker-compose-s3.yml
           fi
 
-          docker compose -f "$DOCKER_COMPOSE_FILE" up -d
+          docker compose -f "$DOCKER_COMPOSE_FILE" up -d --build
 
           {
             LOG_FILE="/tmp/backend.log"

.github/workflows/pr-quality.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+name: PR Quality
+
+permissions:
+    contents: read
+    issues: read
+    pull-requests: write
+
+on:
+    pull_request_target:
+        types: [opened, reopened]
+
+jobs:
+    pr-quality:
+        runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+        steps:
+            - uses: peakoss/anti-slop@v0
+              with:
+                  # General Settings
+                  max-failures: 4
+
+                  # PR Branch Checks
+                  allowed-target-branches: "main"
+                  blocked-target-branches: ""
+                  allowed-source-branches: ""
+                  blocked-source-branches: ""
+
+                  # PR Quality Checks
+                  max-negative-reactions: 0
+                  require-maintainer-can-modify: true
+
+                  # PR Title Checks
+                  require-conventional-title: true
+
+                  # PR Description Checks
+                  require-description: true
+                  max-description-length: 2500
+                  max-emoji-count: 0
+                  max-code-references: 0
+                  require-linked-issue: false
+                  blocked-terms: ""
+                  blocked-issue-numbers: ""
+
+                  # PR Template Checks
+                  require-pr-template: true
+                  strict-pr-template-sections: ""
+                  optional-pr-template-sections: "Issues"
+                  max-additional-pr-template-sections: 3
+
+                  # Commit Message Checks
+                  max-commit-message-length: 500
+                  require-conventional-commits: false
+                  require-commit-author-match: true
+                  blocked-commit-authors: ""
+
+                  # File Checks
+                  allowed-file-extensions: ""
+                  allowed-paths: ""
+                  blocked-paths: |
+                      SECURITY.md
+                      LICENSE
+                  require-final-newline: false
+                  max-added-comments: 0
+
+                  # User Checks
+                  detect-spam-usernames: true
+                  min-account-age: 30
+                  max-daily-forks: 7
+                  min-profile-completeness: 4
+
+                  # Merge Checks
+                  min-repo-merged-prs: 0
+                  min-repo-merge-ratio: 0
+                  min-global-merge-ratio: 30
+                  global-merge-ratio-exclude-own: false
+
+                  # Exemptions
+                  exempt-draft-prs: false
+                  exempt-bots: |
+                      actions-user
+                      dependabot[bot]
+                      renovate[bot]
+                      github-actions[bot]
+                  exempt-users: ""
+                  exempt-author-association: "OWNER,MEMBER,COLLABORATOR"
+                  exempt-label: "quality/exempt"
+                  exempt-pr-label: ""
+                  exempt-all-milestones: false
+                  exempt-all-pr-milestones: false
+                  exempt-milestones: ""
+                  exempt-pr-milestones: ""
+
+                  # PR Success Actions
+                  success-add-pr-labels: "quality/verified"
+
+                  # PR Failure Actions
+                  failure-remove-pr-labels: ""
+                  failure-remove-all-pr-labels: true
+                  failure-add-pr-labels: "quality/rejected"
+                  failure-pr-message: |
+                      This PR did not pass quality checks so it will be closed.
+                      See the [workflow run](https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}/attempts/${{ github.run_attempt }}) for details on which checks failed.
+
+                      If you believe this is a mistake please let us know.
+
+                  close-pr: true
+                  lock-pr: false

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -5,42 +5,46 @@ on:
     tags:
       - "v*.*.*"
 
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+  packages: write
+  attestations: write
+  id-token: write
+
 jobs:
   build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      contents: write
-      packages: write
-      attestations: write
-      id-token: write
+    runs-on: depot-ubuntu-24.04-16
+
+    env:
+      CONTAINER_IMAGE_NAME: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository_owner }}/pocket-id
+
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
       - name: Setup pnpm
         uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
+
+      - name: Set up Depot CLI
+        uses: depot/setup-action@v1
+
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
           node-version: 24
+          cache: "pnpm"
+
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
         with:
           go-version-file: "backend/go.mod"
-      - name: Set up QEMU
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
-      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
-      - name: Set DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME
-        run: |
-          # Lowercase REPO_OWNER which is required for containers
-          REPO_OWNER=${{ github.repository_owner }}
-          DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME="ghcr.io/${REPO_OWNER,,}/pocket-id"
-          echo "DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME=${DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME}" >>${GITHUB_ENV}
+
       - name: Login to GitHub Container Registry
         uses: docker/login-action@v3
         with:
           registry: ghcr.io
           username: ${{github.repository_owner}}
           password: ${{secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN}}
+
       - name: Docker metadata
         id: meta
         uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
@@ -51,59 +55,89 @@ jobs:
             type=semver,pattern={{version}},prefix=v
             type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}},prefix=v
             type=semver,pattern={{major}},prefix=v
+          labels: |
+            org.opencontainers.image.authors=Pocket ID
+            org.opencontainers.image.url=https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id
+            org.opencontainers.image.documentation=https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/blob/main/README.md
+            org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id
+            org.opencontainers.image.version=next
+            org.opencontainers.image.licenses=BSD-2-Clause
+            org.opencontainers.image.ref.name=pocket-id
+            org.opencontainers.image.title=Pocket ID
+
       - name: Docker metadata (distroless)
         id: meta-distroless
         uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
         with:
           images: |
-            ${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}
+            ${{ env.CONTAINER_IMAGE_NAME }}
           flavor: |
             suffix=-distroless,onlatest=true
           tags: |
             type=semver,pattern={{version}},prefix=v
             type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}},prefix=v
             type=semver,pattern={{major}},prefix=v
+          labels: |
+            org.opencontainers.image.authors=Pocket ID
+            org.opencontainers.image.url=https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id
+            org.opencontainers.image.documentation=https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/blob/main/README.md
+            org.opencontainers.image.source=https://github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id
+            org.opencontainers.image.version=next-distroless
+            org.opencontainers.image.licenses=BSD-2-Clause
+            org.opencontainers.image.ref.name=pocket-id
+            org.opencontainers.image.title=Pocket ID
+
       - name: Install frontend dependencies
         run: pnpm --filter pocket-id-frontend install --frozen-lockfile
+
       - name: Build frontend
         run: pnpm --filter pocket-id-frontend build
 
       - name: Build binaries
         run: sh scripts/development/build-binaries.sh
+
       - name: Build and push container image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: depot/build-push-action@v1
         id: container-build-push
         with:
           context: .
+          file: docker/Dockerfile-prebuilt
           platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
           push: true
           tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
           labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
-          file: docker/Dockerfile-prebuilt
+          sbom: true
+          provenance: true
+
       - name: Build and push container image (distroless)
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: depot/build-push-action@v1
         id: container-build-push-distroless
         with:
           context: .
+          file: docker/Dockerfile-distroless
           platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
           push: true
           tags: ${{ steps.meta-distroless.outputs.tags }}
           labels: ${{ steps.meta-distroless.outputs.labels }}
-          file: docker/Dockerfile-distroless
+          sbom: true
+          provenance: true
+
       - name: Binary attestation
         uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v2
         with:
           subject-path: "backend/.bin/pocket-id-**"
+
       - name: Container image attestation
         uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v2
         with:
-          subject-name: "${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}"
+          subject-name: "${{ env.CONTAINER_IMAGE_NAME }}"
           subject-digest: ${{ steps.container-build-push.outputs.digest }}
           push-to-registry: true
+
       - name: Container image attestation (distroless)
         uses: actions/attest-build-provenance@v2
         with:
-          subject-name: "${{ env.DOCKER_IMAGE_NAME }}"
+          subject-name: "${{ env.CONTAINER_IMAGE_NAME }}"
           subject-digest: ${{ steps.container-build-push-distroless.outputs.digest }}
           push-to-registry: true
       - name: Upload binaries to release
@@ -112,14 +146,12 @@ jobs:
         run: gh release upload ${{ github.ref_name }} backend/.bin/*
 
   publish-release:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: depot-ubuntu-latest
     needs: [build]
-    permissions:
-      contents: write
     env:
       GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
       - name: Mark release as published
         run: gh release edit ${{ github.ref_name }} --draft=false

.github/workflows/svelte-check.yml

@@ -21,28 +21,31 @@ on:
       - "frontend/svelte.config.js"
   workflow_dispatch:
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  checks: write
+  pull-requests: write
+  id-token: write
+
 jobs:
   type-check:
     name: Run Svelte Check
     # Don't run on dependabot branches
     if: github.actor != 'dependabot[bot]'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      checks: write
-      pull-requests: write
+    runs-on: depot-ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Setup pnpm
         uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
 
       - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
           node-version: 24
+          cache: "pnpm"
 
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: pnpm --filter pocket-id-frontend install --frozen-lockfile

.github/workflows/unit-tests.yml

@@ -9,14 +9,16 @@ on:
     paths:
       - "backend/**"
 
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+  id-token: write
+  actions: write
+
 jobs:
   test-backend:
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      actions: write
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: depot-ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
         with:
           go-version-file: "backend/go.mod"

.github/workflows/update-aaguids.yml

@@ -8,14 +8,15 @@ on:
 permissions:
   contents: write
   pull-requests: write
+  id-token: write
 
 jobs:
   update-aaguids:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: depot-ubuntu-latest
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
-        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Fetch JSON data
         run: |

backend/internal/bootstrap/bootstrap.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package bootstrap
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
 	"time"
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/common"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/job"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/service"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/storage"
 	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils"
 )
@@ -60,7 +62,9 @@ func Bootstrap(ctx context.Context) error {
 	}
 
 	waitUntil, err := svc.appLockService.Acquire(ctx, false)
-	if err != nil {
+	if errors.Is(err, service.ErrLockUnavailable) {
+		return errors.New("it appears that there's already one instance of Pocket ID running; running multiple replicas of Pocket ID is currently not supported")
+	} else if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to acquire application lock: %w", err)
 	}
 

backend/internal/cmds/import.go

@@ -119,11 +119,10 @@ func acquireImportLock(ctx context.Context, db *gorm.DB, force bool) error {
 	defer cancel()
 
 	waitUntil, err := appLockService.Acquire(opCtx, force)
-	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, service.ErrLockUnavailable) {
-			//nolint:staticcheck
-			return errors.New("Pocket ID must be stopped before importing data; please stop the running instance or run with --forcefully-acquire-lock to terminate the other instance")
-		}
+	if errors.Is(err, service.ErrLockUnavailable) {
+		//nolint:staticcheck
+		return errors.New("Pocket ID must be stopped before importing data; please stop the running instance or run with --forcefully-acquire-lock to terminate the other instance")
+	} else if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to acquire application lock: %w", err)
 	}
 

backend/internal/controller/app_images_controller.go

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ package controller
 
 import (
 	"net/http"
+	"slices"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
@@ -34,6 +36,7 @@ func NewAppImagesController(
 	group.PUT("/application-images/favicon", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.updateFaviconHandler)
 	group.PUT("/application-images/default-profile-picture", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.updateDefaultProfilePicture)
 
+	group.DELETE("/application-images/background", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.deleteBackgroundImageHandler)
 	group.DELETE("/application-images/default-profile-picture", authMiddleware.Add(), controller.deleteDefaultProfilePicture)
 }
 
@@ -192,12 +195,27 @@ func (c *AppImagesController) updateBackgroundImageHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
 }
 
+// deleteBackgroundImageHandler godoc
+// @Summary Delete background image
+// @Description Delete the application background image
+// @Tags Application Images
+// @Success 204 "No Content"
+// @Router /api/application-images/background [delete]
+func (c *AppImagesController) deleteBackgroundImageHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
+	if err := c.appImagesService.DeleteImage(ctx.Request.Context(), "background"); err != nil {
+		_ = ctx.Error(err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx.Status(http.StatusNoContent)
+}
+
 // updateFaviconHandler godoc
 // @Summary Update favicon
 // @Description Update the application favicon
 // @Tags Application Images
 // @Accept multipart/form-data
-// @Param file formData file true "Favicon file (.ico)"
+// @Param file formData file true "Favicon file (.svg/.png/.ico)"
 // @Success 204 "No Content"
 // @Router /api/application-images/favicon [put]
 func (c *AppImagesController) updateFaviconHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
@@ -208,8 +226,9 @@ func (c *AppImagesController) updateFaviconHandler(ctx *gin.Context) {
 	}
 
 	fileType := utils.GetFileExtension(file.Filename)
-	if fileType != "ico" {
-		_ = ctx.Error(&common.WrongFileTypeError{ExpectedFileType: ".ico"})
+	mimeType := utils.GetImageMimeType(strings.ToLower(fileType))
+	if !slices.Contains([]string{"image/svg+xml", "image/png", "image/x-icon"}, mimeType) {
+		_ = ctx.Error(&common.WrongFileTypeError{ExpectedFileType: ".svg or .png or .ico"})
 		return
 	}
 

backend/internal/service/app_lock_service.go

@@ -96,7 +96,8 @@ func (s *AppLockService) Acquire(ctx context.Context, force bool) (waitUntil tim
 
 	var prevLock lockValue
 	if prevLockRaw != "" {
-		if err := prevLock.Unmarshal(prevLockRaw); err != nil {
+		err = prevLock.Unmarshal(prevLockRaw)
+		if err != nil {
 			return time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("decode existing lock value: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
@@ -142,7 +143,8 @@ func (s *AppLockService) Acquire(ctx context.Context, force bool) (waitUntil tim
 		return time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("lock acquisition failed: %w", res.Error)
 	}
 
-	if err := tx.Commit().Error; err != nil {
+	err = tx.Commit().Error
+	if err != nil {
 		return time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("commit lock acquisition: %w", err)
 	}
 

backend/internal/service/ldap_service.go

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ type LdapService struct {
 	userService      *UserService
 	groupService     *UserGroupService
 	fileStorage      storage.FileStorage
+	clientFactory    func() (ldapClient, error)
 }
 
 type savePicture struct {
@@ -43,8 +44,33 @@ type savePicture struct {
 	picture  string
 }
 
+type ldapDesiredUser struct {
+	ldapID  string
+	input   dto.UserCreateDto
+	picture string
+}
+
+type ldapDesiredGroup struct {
+	ldapID          string
+	input           dto.UserGroupCreateDto
+	memberUsernames []string
+}
+
+type ldapDesiredState struct {
+	users    []ldapDesiredUser
+	userIDs  map[string]struct{}
+	groups   []ldapDesiredGroup
+	groupIDs map[string]struct{}
+}
+
+type ldapClient interface {
+	Search(searchRequest *ldap.SearchRequest) (*ldap.SearchResult, error)
+	Bind(username, password string) error
+	Close() error
+}
+
 func NewLdapService(db *gorm.DB, httpClient *http.Client, appConfigService *AppConfigService, userService *UserService, groupService *UserGroupService, fileStorage storage.FileStorage) *LdapService {
-	return &LdapService{
+	service := &LdapService{
 		db:               db,
 		httpClient:       httpClient,
 		appConfigService: appConfigService,
@@ -52,9 +78,12 @@ func NewLdapService(db *gorm.DB, httpClient *http.Client, appConfigService *AppC
 		groupService:     groupService,
 		fileStorage:      fileStorage,
 	}
+
+	service.clientFactory = service.createClient
+	return service
 }
 
-func (s *LdapService) createClient() (*ldap.Conn, error) {
+func (s *LdapService) createClient() (ldapClient, error) {
 	dbConfig := s.appConfigService.GetDbConfig()
 
 	if !dbConfig.LdapEnabled.IsTrue() {
@@ -79,24 +108,33 @@ func (s *LdapService) createClient() (*ldap.Conn, error) {
 
 func (s *LdapService) SyncAll(ctx context.Context) error {
 	// Setup LDAP connection
-	client, err := s.createClient()
+	client, err := s.clientFactory()
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create LDAP client: %w", err)
 	}
 	defer client.Close()
 
-	// Start a transaction
-	tx := s.db.Begin()
-	defer func() {
-		tx.Rollback()
-	}()
+	// First, we fetch all users and group from LDAP, which is our "desired state"
+	desiredState, err := s.fetchDesiredState(ctx, client)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to fetch LDAP state: %w", err)
+	}
 
-	savePictures, deleteFiles, err := s.SyncUsers(ctx, tx, client)
+	// Start a transaction
+	tx := s.db.WithContext(ctx).Begin()
+	if tx.Error != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to begin database transaction: %w", tx.Error)
+	}
+	defer tx.Rollback()
+
+	// Reconcile users
+	savePictures, deleteFiles, err := s.reconcileUsers(ctx, tx, desiredState.users, desiredState.userIDs)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to sync users: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	err = s.SyncGroups(ctx, tx, client)
+	// Reconcile groups
+	err = s.reconcileGroups(ctx, tx, desiredState.groups, desiredState.groupIDs)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to sync groups: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -129,10 +167,59 @@ func (s *LdapService) SyncAll(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-//nolint:gocognit
-func (s *LdapService) SyncGroups(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, client *ldap.Conn) error {
+func (s *LdapService) fetchDesiredState(ctx context.Context, client ldapClient) (ldapDesiredState, error) {
+	// Fetch users first so we can use their DNs when resolving group members
+	users, userIDs, usernamesByDN, err := s.fetchUsersFromLDAP(ctx, client)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ldapDesiredState{}, err
+	}
+
+	// Then fetch groups to complete the desired LDAP state snapshot
+	groups, groupIDs, err := s.fetchGroupsFromLDAP(ctx, client, usernamesByDN)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ldapDesiredState{}, err
+	}
+
+	// Apply user admin flags from the desired group membership snapshot.
+	// This intentionally uses the configured group member attribute rather than
+	// relying on a user-side reverse-membership attribute such as memberOf.
+	s.applyAdminGroupMembership(users, groups)
+
+	return ldapDesiredState{
+		users:    users,
+		userIDs:  userIDs,
+		groups:   groups,
+		groupIDs: groupIDs,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (s *LdapService) applyAdminGroupMembership(desiredUsers []ldapDesiredUser, desiredGroups []ldapDesiredGroup) {
+	dbConfig := s.appConfigService.GetDbConfig()
+	if dbConfig.LdapAdminGroupName.Value == "" {
+		return
+	}
+
+	adminUsernames := make(map[string]struct{})
+	for _, group := range desiredGroups {
+		if group.input.Name != dbConfig.LdapAdminGroupName.Value {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		for _, username := range group.memberUsernames {
+			adminUsernames[username] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+
+	for i := range desiredUsers {
+		_, isAdmin := adminUsernames[desiredUsers[i].input.Username]
+		desiredUsers[i].input.IsAdmin = desiredUsers[i].input.IsAdmin || isAdmin
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *LdapService) fetchGroupsFromLDAP(ctx context.Context, client ldapClient, usernamesByDN map[string]string) (desiredGroups []ldapDesiredGroup, ldapGroupIDs map[string]struct{}, err error) {
 	dbConfig := s.appConfigService.GetDbConfig()
 
+	// Query LDAP for all groups we want to manage
 	searchAttrs := []string{
 		dbConfig.LdapAttributeGroupName.Value,
 		dbConfig.LdapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier.Value,
@@ -149,90 +236,42 @@ func (s *LdapService) SyncGroups(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, client *ldap.
 	)
 	result, err := client.Search(searchReq)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to query LDAP: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to query LDAP groups: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	// Create a mapping for groups that exist
-	ldapGroupIDs := make(map[string]struct{}, len(result.Entries))
+	// Build the in-memory desired state for groups
+	ldapGroupIDs = make(map[string]struct{}, len(result.Entries))
+	desiredGroups = make([]ldapDesiredGroup, 0, len(result.Entries))
 
 	for _, value := range result.Entries {
-		ldapId := convertLdapIdToString(value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier.Value))
+		ldapID := convertLdapIdToString(value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier.Value))
 
 		// Skip groups without a valid LDAP ID
-		if ldapId == "" {
+		if ldapID == "" {
 			slog.Warn("Skipping LDAP group without a valid unique identifier", slog.String("attribute", dbConfig.LdapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier.Value))
 			continue
 		}
 
-		ldapGroupIDs[ldapId] = struct{}{}
-
-		// Try to find the group in the database
-		var databaseGroup model.UserGroup
-		err = tx.
-			WithContext(ctx).
-			Where("ldap_id = ?", ldapId).
-			First(&databaseGroup).
-			Error
-		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
-			// This could error with ErrRecordNotFound and we want to ignore that here
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to query for LDAP group ID '%s': %w", ldapId, err)
-		}
+		ldapGroupIDs[ldapID] = struct{}{}
 
 		// Get group members and add to the correct Group
 		groupMembers := value.GetAttributeValues(dbConfig.LdapAttributeGroupMember.Value)
-		membersUserId := make([]string, 0, len(groupMembers))
+		memberUsernames := make([]string, 0, len(groupMembers))
 		for _, member := range groupMembers {
-			username := getDNProperty(dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserUsername.Value, member)
-
-			// If username extraction fails, try to query LDAP directly for the user
+			username := s.resolveGroupMemberUsername(ctx, client, member, usernamesByDN)
 			if username == "" {
-				// Query LDAP to get the user by their DN
-				userSearchReq := ldap.NewSearchRequest(
-					member,
-					ldap.ScopeBaseObject,
-					0, 0, 0, false,
-					"(objectClass=*)",
-					[]string{dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserUsername.Value, dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserUniqueIdentifier.Value},
-					[]ldap.Control{},
-				)
-
-				userResult, err := client.Search(userSearchReq)
-				if err != nil || len(userResult.Entries) == 0 {
-					slog.WarnContext(ctx, "Could not resolve group member DN", slog.String("member", member), slog.Any("error", err))
-					continue
-				}
-
-				username = userResult.Entries[0].GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserUsername.Value)
-				if username == "" {
-					slog.WarnContext(ctx, "Could not extract username from group member DN", slog.String("member", member))
-					continue
-				}
-			}
-
-			username = norm.NFC.String(username)
-
-			var databaseUser model.User
-			err = tx.
-				WithContext(ctx).
-				Where("username = ? AND ldap_id IS NOT NULL", username).
-				First(&databaseUser).
-				Error
-			if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
-				// The user collides with a non-LDAP user, so we skip it
 				continue
-			} else if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to query for existing user '%s': %w", username, err)
 			}
 
-			membersUserId = append(membersUserId, databaseUser.ID)
+			memberUsernames = append(memberUsernames, username)
 		}
 
 		syncGroup := dto.UserGroupCreateDto{
 			Name:         value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeGroupName.Value),
 			FriendlyName: value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeGroupName.Value),
-			LdapID:       ldapId,
+			LdapID:       ldapID,
 		}
-		dto.Normalize(syncGroup)
+		dto.Normalize(&syncGroup)
 
 		err = syncGroup.Validate()
 		if err != nil {
@@ -240,66 +279,21 @@ func (s *LdapService) SyncGroups(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, client *ldap.
 			continue
 		}
 
-		if databaseGroup.ID == "" {
-			newGroup, err := s.groupService.createInternal(ctx, syncGroup, tx)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to create group '%s': %w", syncGroup.Name, err)
-			}
-
-			_, err = s.groupService.updateUsersInternal(ctx, newGroup.ID, membersUserId, tx)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to sync users for group '%s': %w", syncGroup.Name, err)
-			}
-		} else {
-			_, err = s.groupService.updateInternal(ctx, databaseGroup.ID, syncGroup, true, tx)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to update group '%s': %w", syncGroup.Name, err)
-			}
-
-			_, err = s.groupService.updateUsersInternal(ctx, databaseGroup.ID, membersUserId, tx)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to sync users for group '%s': %w", syncGroup.Name, err)
-			}
-		}
+		desiredGroups = append(desiredGroups, ldapDesiredGroup{
+			ldapID:          ldapID,
+			input:           syncGroup,
+			memberUsernames: memberUsernames,
+		})
 	}
 
-	// Get all LDAP groups from the database
-	var ldapGroupsInDb []model.UserGroup
-	err = tx.
-		WithContext(ctx).
-		Find(&ldapGroupsInDb, "ldap_id IS NOT NULL").
-		Select("ldap_id").
-		Error
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to fetch groups from database: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Delete groups that no longer exist in LDAP
-	for _, group := range ldapGroupsInDb {
-		if _, exists := ldapGroupIDs[*group.LdapID]; exists {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		err = tx.
-			WithContext(ctx).
-			Delete(&model.UserGroup{}, "ldap_id = ?", group.LdapID).
-			Error
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete group '%s': %w", group.Name, err)
-		}
-
-		slog.Info("Deleted group", slog.String("group", group.Name))
-	}
-
-	return nil
+	return desiredGroups, ldapGroupIDs, nil
 }
 
-//nolint:gocognit
-func (s *LdapService) SyncUsers(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, client *ldap.Conn) (savePictures []savePicture, deleteFiles []string, err error) {
+func (s *LdapService) fetchUsersFromLDAP(ctx context.Context, client ldapClient) (desiredUsers []ldapDesiredUser, ldapUserIDs map[string]struct{}, usernamesByDN map[string]string, err error) {
 	dbConfig := s.appConfigService.GetDbConfig()
 
+	// Query LDAP for all users we want to manage
 	searchAttrs := []string{
-		"memberOf",
 		"sn",
 		"cn",
 		dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserUniqueIdentifier.Value,
@@ -323,59 +317,29 @@ func (s *LdapService) SyncUsers(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, client *ldap.C
 
 	result, err := client.Search(searchReq)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to query LDAP: %w", err)
+		return nil, nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to query LDAP users: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	// Create a mapping for users that exist
-	ldapUserIDs := make(map[string]struct{}, len(result.Entries))
-	savePictures = make([]savePicture, 0, len(result.Entries))
+	// Build the in-memory desired state for users and a DN lookup for group membership resolution
+	ldapUserIDs = make(map[string]struct{}, len(result.Entries))
+	usernamesByDN = make(map[string]string, len(result.Entries))
+	desiredUsers = make([]ldapDesiredUser, 0, len(result.Entries))
 
 	for _, value := range result.Entries {
-		ldapId := convertLdapIdToString(value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserUniqueIdentifier.Value))
+		username := norm.NFC.String(value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserUsername.Value))
+		if normalizedDN := normalizeLDAPDN(value.DN); normalizedDN != "" && username != "" {
+			usernamesByDN[normalizedDN] = username
+		}
+
+		ldapID := convertLdapIdToString(value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserUniqueIdentifier.Value))
 
 		// Skip users without a valid LDAP ID
-		if ldapId == "" {
+		if ldapID == "" {
 			slog.Warn("Skipping LDAP user without a valid unique identifier", slog.String("attribute", dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserUniqueIdentifier.Value))
 			continue
 		}
 
-		ldapUserIDs[ldapId] = struct{}{}
-
-		// Get the user from the database
-		var databaseUser model.User
-		err = tx.
-			WithContext(ctx).
-			Where("ldap_id = ?", ldapId).
-			First(&databaseUser).
-			Error
-
-		// If a user is found (even if disabled), enable them since they're now back in LDAP
-		if databaseUser.ID != "" && databaseUser.Disabled {
-			err = tx.
-				WithContext(ctx).
-				Model(&model.User{}).
-				Where("id = ?", databaseUser.ID).
-				Update("disabled", false).
-				Error
-
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to enable user %s: %w", databaseUser.Username, err)
-			}
-		}
-
-		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
-			// This could error with ErrRecordNotFound and we want to ignore that here
-			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to query for LDAP user ID '%s': %w", ldapId, err)
-		}
-
-		// Check if user is admin by checking if they are in the admin group
-		isAdmin := false
-		for _, group := range value.GetAttributeValues("memberOf") {
-			if getDNProperty(dbConfig.LdapAttributeGroupName.Value, group) == dbConfig.LdapAdminGroupName.Value {
-				isAdmin = true
-				break
-			}
-		}
+		ldapUserIDs[ldapID] = struct{}{}
 
 		newUser := dto.UserCreateDto{
 			Username:      value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserUsername.Value),
@@ -384,15 +348,17 @@ func (s *LdapService) SyncUsers(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, client *ldap.C
 			FirstName:     value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserFirstName.Value),
 			LastName:      value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserLastName.Value),
 			DisplayName:   value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserDisplayName.Value),
-			IsAdmin:       isAdmin,
-			LdapID:        ldapId,
+			// Admin status is computed after groups are loaded so it can use the
+			// configured group member attribute instead of a hard-coded memberOf.
+			IsAdmin: false,
+			LdapID:  ldapID,
 		}
 
 		if newUser.DisplayName == "" {
 			newUser.DisplayName = strings.TrimSpace(newUser.FirstName + " " + newUser.LastName)
 		}
 
-		dto.Normalize(newUser)
+		dto.Normalize(&newUser)
 
 		err = newUser.Validate()
 		if err != nil {
@@ -400,53 +366,201 @@ func (s *LdapService) SyncUsers(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, client *ldap.C
 			continue
 		}
 
-		userID := databaseUser.ID
-		if databaseUser.ID == "" {
-			createdUser, err := s.userService.createUserInternal(ctx, newUser, true, tx)
-			if errors.Is(err, &common.AlreadyInUseError{}) {
-				slog.Warn("Skipping creating LDAP user", slog.String("username", newUser.Username), slog.Any("error", err))
+		desiredUsers = append(desiredUsers, ldapDesiredUser{
+			ldapID:  ldapID,
+			input:   newUser,
+			picture: value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserProfilePicture.Value),
+		})
+	}
+
+	return desiredUsers, ldapUserIDs, usernamesByDN, nil
+}
+
+func (s *LdapService) resolveGroupMemberUsername(ctx context.Context, client ldapClient, member string, usernamesByDN map[string]string) string {
+	dbConfig := s.appConfigService.GetDbConfig()
+
+	// First try the DN cache we built while loading users
+	username, exists := usernamesByDN[normalizeLDAPDN(member)]
+	if exists && username != "" {
+		return username
+	}
+
+	// Then try to extract the username directly from the DN
+	username = getDNProperty(dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserUsername.Value, member)
+	if username != "" {
+		return norm.NFC.String(username)
+	}
+
+	// As a fallback, query LDAP for the referenced entry
+	userSearchReq := ldap.NewSearchRequest(
+		member,
+		ldap.ScopeBaseObject,
+		0, 0, 0, false,
+		"(objectClass=*)",
+		[]string{dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserUsername.Value},
+		[]ldap.Control{},
+	)
+
+	userResult, err := client.Search(userSearchReq)
+	if err != nil || len(userResult.Entries) == 0 {
+		slog.WarnContext(ctx, "Could not resolve group member DN", slog.String("member", member), slog.Any("error", err))
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	username = userResult.Entries[0].GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserUsername.Value)
+	if username == "" {
+		slog.WarnContext(ctx, "Could not extract username from group member DN", slog.String("member", member))
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	return norm.NFC.String(username)
+}
+
+func (s *LdapService) reconcileGroups(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, desiredGroups []ldapDesiredGroup, ldapGroupIDs map[string]struct{}) error {
+	// Load the current LDAP-managed state from the database
+	ldapGroupsInDB, ldapGroupsByID, err := s.loadLDAPGroupsInDB(ctx, tx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to fetch groups from database: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	_, _, ldapUsersByUsername, err := s.loadLDAPUsersInDB(ctx, tx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to fetch users from database: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Apply creates and updates to match the desired LDAP group state
+	for _, desiredGroup := range desiredGroups {
+		memberUserIDs := make([]string, 0, len(desiredGroup.memberUsernames))
+		for _, username := range desiredGroup.memberUsernames {
+			databaseUser, exists := ldapUsersByUsername[username]
+			if !exists {
+				// The user collides with a non-LDAP user or was skipped during user sync, so we ignore it
 				continue
-			} else if err != nil {
-				return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("error creating user '%s': %w", newUser.Username, err)
-			}
-			userID = createdUser.ID
-		} else {
-			_, err = s.userService.updateUserInternal(ctx, databaseUser.ID, newUser, false, true, tx)
-			if errors.Is(err, &common.AlreadyInUseError{}) {
-				slog.Warn("Skipping updating LDAP user", slog.String("username", newUser.Username), slog.Any("error", err))
-				continue
-			} else if err != nil {
-				return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("error updating user '%s': %w", newUser.Username, err)
 			}
+
+			memberUserIDs = append(memberUserIDs, databaseUser.ID)
 		}
 
-		// Save profile picture
-		pictureString := value.GetAttributeValue(dbConfig.LdapAttributeUserProfilePicture.Value)
-		if pictureString != "" {
-			// Storage operations must be executed outside of a transaction
-			savePictures = append(savePictures, savePicture{
-				userID:   databaseUser.ID,
-				username: userID,
-				picture:  pictureString,
-			})
+		databaseGroup := ldapGroupsByID[desiredGroup.ldapID]
+		if databaseGroup.ID == "" {
+			newGroup, err := s.groupService.createInternal(ctx, desiredGroup.input, tx)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to create group '%s': %w", desiredGroup.input.Name, err)
+			}
+			ldapGroupsByID[desiredGroup.ldapID] = newGroup
+
+			_, err = s.groupService.updateUsersInternal(ctx, newGroup.ID, memberUserIDs, tx)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to sync users for group '%s': %w", desiredGroup.input.Name, err)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+
+		_, err = s.groupService.updateInternal(ctx, databaseGroup.ID, desiredGroup.input, true, tx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to update group '%s': %w", desiredGroup.input.Name, err)
+		}
+
+		_, err = s.groupService.updateUsersInternal(ctx, databaseGroup.ID, memberUserIDs, tx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to sync users for group '%s': %w", desiredGroup.input.Name, err)
 		}
 	}
 
-	// Get all LDAP users from the database
-	var ldapUsersInDb []model.User
-	err = tx.
-		WithContext(ctx).
-		Find(&ldapUsersInDb, "ldap_id IS NOT NULL").
-		Select("id, username, ldap_id, disabled").
-		Error
+	// Delete groups that are no longer present in LDAP
+	for _, group := range ldapGroupsInDB {
+		if group.LdapID == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if _, exists := ldapGroupIDs[*group.LdapID]; exists {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		err = tx.
+			WithContext(ctx).
+			Delete(&model.UserGroup{}, "ldap_id = ?", *group.LdapID).
+			Error
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete group '%s': %w", group.Name, err)
+		}
+
+		slog.Info("Deleted group", slog.String("group", group.Name))
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+//nolint:gocognit
+func (s *LdapService) reconcileUsers(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, desiredUsers []ldapDesiredUser, ldapUserIDs map[string]struct{}) (savePictures []savePicture, deleteFiles []string, err error) {
+	dbConfig := s.appConfigService.GetDbConfig()
+
+	// Load the current LDAP-managed state from the database
+	ldapUsersInDB, ldapUsersByID, _, err := s.loadLDAPUsersInDB(ctx, tx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to fetch users from database: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	// Mark users as disabled or delete users that no longer exist in LDAP
-	deleteFiles = make([]string, 0, len(ldapUserIDs))
-	for _, user := range ldapUsersInDb {
-		// Skip if the user ID exists in the fetched LDAP results
+	// Apply creates and updates to match the desired LDAP user state
+	savePictures = make([]savePicture, 0, len(desiredUsers))
+
+	for _, desiredUser := range desiredUsers {
+		databaseUser := ldapUsersByID[desiredUser.ldapID]
+
+		// If a user is found (even if disabled), enable them since they're now back in LDAP.
+		if databaseUser.ID != "" && databaseUser.Disabled {
+			err = tx.
+				WithContext(ctx).
+				Model(&model.User{}).
+				Where("id = ?", databaseUser.ID).
+				Update("disabled", false).
+				Error
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to enable user %s: %w", databaseUser.Username, err)
+			}
+
+			databaseUser.Disabled = false
+			ldapUsersByID[desiredUser.ldapID] = databaseUser
+		}
+
+		userID := databaseUser.ID
+		if databaseUser.ID == "" {
+			createdUser, err := s.userService.createUserInternal(ctx, desiredUser.input, true, tx)
+			if errors.Is(err, &common.AlreadyInUseError{}) {
+				slog.Warn("Skipping creating LDAP user", slog.String("username", desiredUser.input.Username), slog.Any("error", err))
+				continue
+			} else if err != nil {
+				return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("error creating user '%s': %w", desiredUser.input.Username, err)
+			}
+
+			userID = createdUser.ID
+			ldapUsersByID[desiredUser.ldapID] = createdUser
+		} else {
+			_, err = s.userService.updateUserInternal(ctx, databaseUser.ID, desiredUser.input, false, true, tx)
+			if errors.Is(err, &common.AlreadyInUseError{}) {
+				slog.Warn("Skipping updating LDAP user", slog.String("username", desiredUser.input.Username), slog.Any("error", err))
+				continue
+			} else if err != nil {
+				return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("error updating user '%s': %w", desiredUser.input.Username, err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if desiredUser.picture != "" {
+			savePictures = append(savePictures, savePicture{
+				userID:   userID,
+				username: desiredUser.input.Username,
+				picture:  desiredUser.picture,
+			})
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Disable or delete users that are no longer present in LDAP
+	deleteFiles = make([]string, 0, len(ldapUsersInDB))
+	for _, user := range ldapUsersInDB {
+		if user.LdapID == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
 		if _, exists := ldapUserIDs[*user.LdapID]; exists {
 			continue
 		}
@@ -458,29 +572,73 @@ func (s *LdapService) SyncUsers(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, client *ldap.C
 			}
 
 			slog.Info("Disabled user", slog.String("username", user.Username))
-		} else {
-			err = s.userService.deleteUserInternal(ctx, tx, user.ID, true)
-			if err != nil {
-				target := &common.LdapUserUpdateError{}
-				if errors.As(err, &target) {
-					return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to delete user %s: LDAP user must be disabled before deletion", user.Username)
-				}
-				return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to delete user %s: %w", user.Username, err)
-			}
-
-			slog.Info("Deleted user", slog.String("username", user.Username))
-
-			// Storage operations must be executed outside of a transaction
-			deleteFiles = append(deleteFiles, path.Join("profile-pictures", user.ID+".png"))
+			continue
 		}
+
+		err = s.userService.deleteUserInternal(ctx, tx, user.ID, true)
+		if err != nil {
+			target := &common.LdapUserUpdateError{}
+			if errors.As(err, &target) {
+				return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to delete user %s: LDAP user must be disabled before deletion", user.Username)
+			}
+			return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to delete user %s: %w", user.Username, err)
+		}
+
+		slog.Info("Deleted user", slog.String("username", user.Username))
+		deleteFiles = append(deleteFiles, path.Join("profile-pictures", user.ID+".png"))
 	}
 
 	return savePictures, deleteFiles, nil
 }
 
+func (s *LdapService) loadLDAPUsersInDB(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB) (users []model.User, byLdapID map[string]model.User, byUsername map[string]model.User, err error) {
+	// Load all LDAP-managed users and index them by LDAP ID and by username
+	err = tx.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		Select("id, username, ldap_id, disabled").
+		Where("ldap_id IS NOT NULL").
+		Find(&users).
+		Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	byLdapID = make(map[string]model.User, len(users))
+	byUsername = make(map[string]model.User, len(users))
+	for _, user := range users {
+		byLdapID[*user.LdapID] = user
+		byUsername[user.Username] = user
+	}
+
+	return users, byLdapID, byUsername, nil
+}
+
+func (s *LdapService) loadLDAPGroupsInDB(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB) ([]model.UserGroup, map[string]model.UserGroup, error) {
+	var groups []model.UserGroup
+
+	// Load all LDAP-managed groups and index them by LDAP ID
+	err := tx.
+		WithContext(ctx).
+		Select("id, name, ldap_id").
+		Where("ldap_id IS NOT NULL").
+		Find(&groups).
+		Error
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	groupsByID := make(map[string]model.UserGroup, len(groups))
+	for _, group := range groups {
+		groupsByID[*group.LdapID] = group
+	}
+
+	return groups, groupsByID, nil
+}
+
 func (s *LdapService) saveProfilePicture(parentCtx context.Context, userId string, pictureString string) error {
 	var reader io.ReadSeeker
 
+	// Accept either a URL, a base64-encoded payload, or raw binary data
 	_, err := url.ParseRequestURI(pictureString)
 	if err == nil {
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(parentCtx, 15*time.Second)
@@ -522,6 +680,31 @@ func (s *LdapService) saveProfilePicture(parentCtx context.Context, userId strin
 	return nil
 }
 
+// normalizeLDAPDN returns a canonical lowercase form of a DN for use as a map key.
+// Different LDAP servers may format the same DN with varying attribute type casing (e.g. "CN=" vs "cn=") or extra whitespace (e.g. "dc=example, dc=com").
+// Without normalization, cache lookups in usernamesByDN would miss when a member attribute value uses a different format than the DN returned in the search entry
+//
+// ldap.ParseDN is used instead of simple lowercasing because it correctly handles multi-valued RDNs (joined with "+") and strips inter-component whitespace.
+// If parsing fails for any reason, we fall back to a simple lowercase+trim.
+func normalizeLDAPDN(dn string) string {
+	parsed, err := ldap.ParseDN(dn)
+	if err != nil {
+		return strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(dn))
+	}
+
+	// Reconstruct the DN in a canonical form: lowercase type=lowercase value, with RDN components separated by "," and multi-value attributes by "+"
+	parts := make([]string, 0, len(parsed.RDNs))
+	for _, rdn := range parsed.RDNs {
+		attrs := make([]string, 0, len(rdn.Attributes))
+		for _, attr := range rdn.Attributes {
+			attrs = append(attrs, strings.ToLower(attr.Type)+"="+strings.ToLower(attr.Value))
+		}
+		parts = append(parts, strings.Join(attrs, "+"))
+	}
+
+	return strings.Join(parts, ",")
+}
+
 // getDNProperty returns the value of a property from a LDAP identifier
 // See: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/desktop/ldap/distinguished-names
 func getDNProperty(property string, str string) string {

backend/internal/service/ldap_service_test.go

@@ -1,9 +1,368 @@
 package service
 
 import (
+	"net/http"
 	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/model"
+	"github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/storage"
+	testutils "github.com/pocket-id/pocket-id/backend/internal/utils/testing"
 )
 
+type fakeLDAPClient struct {
+	searchFn func(searchRequest *ldap.SearchRequest) (*ldap.SearchResult, error)
+}
+
+func (c *fakeLDAPClient) Search(searchRequest *ldap.SearchRequest) (*ldap.SearchResult, error) {
+	if c.searchFn == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	return c.searchFn(searchRequest)
+}
+
+func (c *fakeLDAPClient) Bind(_, _ string) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *fakeLDAPClient) Close() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func TestLdapServiceSyncAllReconcilesUsersAndGroups(t *testing.T) {
+	service, db := newTestLdapService(t, newFakeLDAPClient(
+		ldapSearchResult(
+			ldapEntry("uid=alice,ou=people,dc=example,dc=com", map[string][]string{
+				"entryUUID":   {"u-alice"},
+				"uid":         {"alice"},
+				"mail":        {"alice@example.com"},
+				"givenName":   {"Alice"},
+				"sn":          {"Jones"},
+				"displayName": {""},
+			}),
+			ldapEntry("uid=bob,ou=people,dc=example,dc=com", map[string][]string{
+				"entryUUID":   {"u-bob"},
+				"uid":         {"bob"},
+				"mail":        {"bob@example.com"},
+				"givenName":   {"Bob"},
+				"sn":          {"Brown"},
+				"displayName": {""},
+			}),
+		),
+		ldapSearchResult(
+			ldapEntry("cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com", map[string][]string{
+				"entryUUID": {"g-admins"},
+				"cn":        {"admins"},
+				"member":    {"uid=alice,ou=people,dc=example,dc=com"},
+			}),
+			ldapEntry("cn=team,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com", map[string][]string{
+				"entryUUID": {"g-team"},
+				"cn":        {"team"},
+				"member": {
+					"UID=Alice, OU=People, DC=example, DC=com",
+					"uid=bob, ou=people, dc=example, dc=com",
+				},
+			}),
+		),
+	))
+
+	aliceLdapID := "u-alice"
+	missingLdapID := "u-missing"
+	teamLdapID := "g-team"
+	oldGroupLdapID := "g-old"
+
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(&model.User{
+		Username:      "alice-old",
+		Email:         new("alice-old@example.com"),
+		EmailVerified: true,
+		FirstName:     "Old",
+		LastName:      "Name",
+		DisplayName:   "Old Name",
+		LdapID:        &aliceLdapID,
+		Disabled:      true,
+	}).Error)
+
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(&model.User{
+		Username:      "missing",
+		Email:         new("missing@example.com"),
+		EmailVerified: true,
+		FirstName:     "Missing",
+		LastName:      "User",
+		DisplayName:   "Missing User",
+		LdapID:        &missingLdapID,
+	}).Error)
+
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(&model.UserGroup{
+		Name:         "team-old",
+		FriendlyName: "team-old",
+		LdapID:       &teamLdapID,
+	}).Error)
+
+	require.NoError(t, db.Create(&model.UserGroup{
+		Name:         "old-group",
+		FriendlyName: "old-group",
+		LdapID:       &oldGroupLdapID,
+	}).Error)
+
+	require.NoError(t, service.SyncAll(t.Context()))
+
+	var alice model.User
+	require.NoError(t, db.First(&alice, "ldap_id = ?", aliceLdapID).Error)
+	assert.Equal(t, "alice", alice.Username)
+	assert.Equal(t, new("alice@example.com"), alice.Email)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Alice", alice.FirstName)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Jones", alice.LastName)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Alice Jones", alice.DisplayName)
+	assert.True(t, alice.IsAdmin)
+	assert.False(t, alice.Disabled)
+
+	var bob model.User
+	require.NoError(t, db.First(&bob, "ldap_id = ?", "u-bob").Error)
+	assert.Equal(t, "bob", bob.Username)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Bob Brown", bob.DisplayName)
+
+	var missing model.User
+	require.NoError(t, db.First(&missing, "ldap_id = ?", missingLdapID).Error)
+	assert.True(t, missing.Disabled)
+
+	var oldGroupCount int64
+	require.NoError(t, db.Model(&model.UserGroup{}).Where("ldap_id = ?", oldGroupLdapID).Count(&oldGroupCount).Error)
+	assert.Zero(t, oldGroupCount)
+
+	var team model.UserGroup
+	require.NoError(t, db.Preload("Users").First(&team, "ldap_id = ?", teamLdapID).Error)
+	assert.Equal(t, "team", team.Name)
+	assert.Equal(t, "team", team.FriendlyName)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"alice", "bob"}, usernames(team.Users))
+}
+
+func TestLdapServiceSyncAllHandlesDuplicateLDAPIDsInSingleRun(t *testing.T) {
+	service, db := newTestLdapService(t, newFakeLDAPClient(
+		ldapSearchResult(
+			ldapEntry("uid=alice,ou=people,dc=example,dc=com", map[string][]string{
+				"entryUUID":   {"u-dup"},
+				"uid":         {"alice"},
+				"mail":        {"alice@example.com"},
+				"givenName":   {"Alice"},
+				"sn":          {"Doe"},
+				"displayName": {"Alice Doe"},
+			}),
+			ldapEntry("uid=alice,ou=people,dc=example,dc=com", map[string][]string{
+				"entryUUID":   {"u-dup"},
+				"uid":         {"alice"},
+				"mail":        {"alice@example.com"},
+				"givenName":   {"Alicia"},
+				"sn":          {"Doe"},
+				"displayName": {"Alicia Doe"},
+			}),
+		),
+		ldapSearchResult(
+			ldapEntry("cn=team,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com", map[string][]string{
+				"entryUUID": {"g-dup"},
+				"cn":        {"team"},
+				"member":    {"uid=alice,ou=people,dc=example,dc=com"},
+			}),
+			ldapEntry("cn=team,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com", map[string][]string{
+				"entryUUID": {"g-dup"},
+				"cn":        {"team-renamed"},
+				"member":    {"uid=alice,ou=people,dc=example,dc=com"},
+			}),
+		),
+	))
+
+	require.NoError(t, service.SyncAll(t.Context()))
+
+	var users []model.User
+	require.NoError(t, db.Find(&users, "ldap_id = ?", "u-dup").Error)
+	require.Len(t, users, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "alice", users[0].Username)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Alicia", users[0].FirstName)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Alicia Doe", users[0].DisplayName)
+
+	var groups []model.UserGroup
+	require.NoError(t, db.Preload("Users").Find(&groups, "ldap_id = ?", "g-dup").Error)
+	require.Len(t, groups, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "team-renamed", groups[0].Name)
+	assert.Equal(t, "team-renamed", groups[0].FriendlyName)
+	assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"alice"}, usernames(groups[0].Users))
+}
+
+func TestLdapServiceSyncAllSetsAdminFromGroupMembership(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name        string
+		appConfig   *model.AppConfig
+		groupEntry  *ldap.Entry
+		groupName   string
+		groupLookup string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:      "memberOf missing on user",
+			appConfig: defaultTestLDAPAppConfig(),
+			groupEntry: ldapEntry("cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com", map[string][]string{
+				"entryUUID": {"g-admins"},
+				"cn":        {"admins"},
+				"member":    {"uid=testadmin,ou=people,dc=example,dc=com"},
+			}),
+			groupName:   "admins",
+			groupLookup: "g-admins",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "configured group name attribute differs from DN RDN",
+			appConfig: func() *model.AppConfig {
+				cfg := defaultTestLDAPAppConfig()
+				cfg.LdapAttributeGroupName = model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "displayName"}
+				cfg.LdapAdminGroupName = model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "pocketid.admin"}
+				return cfg
+			}(),
+			groupEntry: ldapEntry("cn=admins,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=com", map[string][]string{
+				"entryUUID":   {"g-display-admins"},
+				"cn":          {"admins"},
+				"displayName": {"pocketid.admin"},
+				"member":      {"uid=testadmin,ou=people,dc=example,dc=com"},
+			}),
+			groupName:   "pocketid.admin",
+			groupLookup: "g-display-admins",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			service, db := newTestLdapServiceWithAppConfig(t, tt.appConfig, newFakeLDAPClient(
+				ldapSearchResult(
+					ldapEntry("uid=testadmin,ou=people,dc=example,dc=com", map[string][]string{
+						"entryUUID":   {"u-testadmin"},
+						"uid":         {"testadmin"},
+						"mail":        {"testadmin@example.com"},
+						"givenName":   {"Test"},
+						"sn":          {"Admin"},
+						"displayName": {""},
+					}),
+				),
+				ldapSearchResult(tt.groupEntry),
+			))
+
+			require.NoError(t, service.SyncAll(t.Context()))
+
+			var user model.User
+			require.NoError(t, db.First(&user, "ldap_id = ?", "u-testadmin").Error)
+			assert.True(t, user.IsAdmin)
+
+			var group model.UserGroup
+			require.NoError(t, db.Preload("Users").First(&group, "ldap_id = ?", tt.groupLookup).Error)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.groupName, group.Name)
+			assert.ElementsMatch(t, []string{"testadmin"}, usernames(group.Users))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func newTestLdapService(t *testing.T, client ldapClient) (*LdapService, *gorm.DB) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	return newTestLdapServiceWithAppConfig(t, defaultTestLDAPAppConfig(), client)
+}
+
+func newTestLdapServiceWithAppConfig(t *testing.T, appConfigModel *model.AppConfig, client ldapClient) (*LdapService, *gorm.DB) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	db := testutils.NewDatabaseForTest(t)
+
+	fileStorage, err := storage.NewDatabaseStorage(db)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	appConfig := NewTestAppConfigService(appConfigModel)
+
+	groupService := NewUserGroupService(db, appConfig, nil)
+	userService := NewUserService(
+		db,
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		nil,
+		appConfig,
+		NewCustomClaimService(db),
+		NewAppImagesService(map[string]string{}, fileStorage),
+		nil,
+		fileStorage,
+	)
+
+	service := NewLdapService(db, &http.Client{}, appConfig, userService, groupService, fileStorage)
+	service.clientFactory = func() (ldapClient, error) {
+		return client, nil
+	}
+
+	return service, db
+}
+
+func defaultTestLDAPAppConfig() *model.AppConfig {
+	return &model.AppConfig{
+		RequireUserEmail:                   model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "false"},
+		LdapEnabled:                        model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "true"},
+		LdapBase:                           model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "dc=example,dc=com"},
+		LdapUserSearchFilter:               model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "(objectClass=person)"},
+		LdapUserGroupSearchFilter:          model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "(objectClass=groupOfNames)"},
+		LdapAttributeUserUniqueIdentifier:  model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "entryUUID"},
+		LdapAttributeUserUsername:          model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "uid"},
+		LdapAttributeUserEmail:             model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "mail"},
+		LdapAttributeUserFirstName:         model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "givenName"},
+		LdapAttributeUserLastName:          model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "sn"},
+		LdapAttributeUserDisplayName:       model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "displayName"},
+		LdapAttributeUserProfilePicture:    model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "jpegPhoto"},
+		LdapAttributeGroupMember:           model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "member"},
+		LdapAttributeGroupUniqueIdentifier: model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "entryUUID"},
+		LdapAttributeGroupName:             model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "cn"},
+		LdapAdminGroupName:                 model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "admins"},
+		LdapSoftDeleteUsers:                model.AppConfigVariable{Value: "true"},
+	}
+}
+
+func newFakeLDAPClient(userResult, groupResult *ldap.SearchResult) ldapClient {
+	return &fakeLDAPClient{
+		searchFn: func(searchRequest *ldap.SearchRequest) (*ldap.SearchResult, error) {
+			switch searchRequest.Filter {
+			case "(objectClass=person)":
+				return userResult, nil
+			case "(objectClass=groupOfNames)":
+				return groupResult, nil
+			default:
+				return &ldap.SearchResult{}, nil
+			}
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func ldapSearchResult(entries ...*ldap.Entry) *ldap.SearchResult {
+	return &ldap.SearchResult{Entries: entries}
+}
+
+func ldapEntry(dn string, attrs map[string][]string) *ldap.Entry {
+	entry := &ldap.Entry{
+		DN:         dn,
+		Attributes: make([]*ldap.EntryAttribute, 0, len(attrs)),
+	}
+
+	for name, values := range attrs {
+		entry.Attributes = append(entry.Attributes, &ldap.EntryAttribute{
+			Name:   name,
+			Values: values,
+		})
+	}
+
+	return entry
+}
+
+func usernames(users []model.User) []string {
+	result := make([]string, 0, len(users))
+	for _, user := range users {
+		result = append(result, user.Username)
+	}
+
+	return result
+}
+
 func TestGetDNProperty(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
 		name           string
@@ -64,10 +423,58 @@ func TestGetDNProperty(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			result := getDNProperty(tt.property, tt.dn)
-			if result != tt.expectedResult {
-				t.Errorf("getDNProperty(%q, %q) = %q, want %q",
-					tt.property, tt.dn, result, tt.expectedResult)
-			}
+			assert.Equalf(t, tt.expectedResult, result, "getDNProperty(%q, %q)", tt.property, tt.dn)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNormalizeLDAPDN(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		input    string
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "already normalized",
+			input:    "cn=alice,dc=example,dc=com",
+			expected: "cn=alice,dc=example,dc=com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "uppercase attribute types",
+			input:    "CN=Alice,DC=example,DC=com",
+			expected: "cn=alice,dc=example,dc=com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "spaces after commas",
+			input:    "cn=alice, dc=example, dc=com",
+			expected: "cn=alice,dc=example,dc=com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "uppercase types and spaces",
+			input:    "CN=Alice, DC=example, DC=com",
+			expected: "cn=alice,dc=example,dc=com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "multi-valued RDN",
+			input:    "cn=alice+uid=a123,dc=example,dc=com",
+			expected: "cn=alice+uid=a123,dc=example,dc=com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "invalid DN falls back to lowercase+trim",
+			input:    "  NOT A VALID DN  ",
+			expected: "not a valid dn",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "empty string",
+			input:    "",
+			expected: "",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := normalizeLDAPDN(tt.input)
+			assert.Equalf(t, tt.expected, result, "normalizeLDAPDN(%q)", tt.input)
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -98,9 +505,7 @@ func TestConvertLdapIdToString(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			got := convertLdapIdToString(tt.input)
-			if got != tt.expected {
-				t.Errorf("Expected %q, got %q", tt.expected, got)
-			}
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, got)
 		})
 	}
 }

backend/internal/service/user_group_service.go

@@ -96,7 +96,10 @@ func (s *UserGroupService) Delete(ctx context.Context, id string) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	s.scimService.ScheduleSync()
+	if s.scimService != nil {
+		s.scimService.ScheduleSync()
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -126,7 +129,10 @@ func (s *UserGroupService) createInternal(ctx context.Context, input dto.UserGro
 		return model.UserGroup{}, err
 	}
 
-	s.scimService.ScheduleSync()
+	if s.scimService != nil {
+		s.scimService.ScheduleSync()
+	}
+
 	return group, nil
 }
 
@@ -175,7 +181,10 @@ func (s *UserGroupService) updateInternal(ctx context.Context, id string, input
 		return model.UserGroup{}, err
 	}
 
-	s.scimService.ScheduleSync()
+	if s.scimService != nil {
+		s.scimService.ScheduleSync()
+	}
+
 	return group, nil
 }
 
@@ -238,7 +247,10 @@ func (s *UserGroupService) updateUsersInternal(ctx context.Context, id string, u
 		return model.UserGroup{}, err
 	}
 
-	s.scimService.ScheduleSync()
+	if s.scimService != nil {
+		s.scimService.ScheduleSync()
+	}
+
 	return group, nil
 }
 
@@ -315,6 +327,9 @@ func (s *UserGroupService) UpdateAllowedOidcClient(ctx context.Context, id strin
 		return model.UserGroup{}, err
 	}
 
-	s.scimService.ScheduleSync()
+	if s.scimService != nil {
+		s.scimService.ScheduleSync()
+	}
+
 	return group, nil
 }

backend/internal/service/user_service.go

@@ -225,7 +225,10 @@ func (s *UserService) deleteUserInternal(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, userI
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete user: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	s.scimService.ScheduleSync()
+	if s.scimService != nil {
+		s.scimService.ScheduleSync()
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -310,7 +313,10 @@ func (s *UserService) createUserInternal(ctx context.Context, input dto.UserCrea
 		}
 	}
 
-	s.scimService.ScheduleSync()
+	if s.scimService != nil {
+		s.scimService.ScheduleSync()
+	}
+
 	return user, nil
 }
 
@@ -456,7 +462,10 @@ func (s *UserService) updateUserInternal(ctx context.Context, userID string, upd
 		return user, err
 	}
 
-	s.scimService.ScheduleSync()
+	if s.scimService != nil {
+		s.scimService.ScheduleSync()
+	}
+
 	return user, nil
 }
 
@@ -515,7 +524,10 @@ func (s *UserService) UpdateUserGroups(ctx context.Context, id string, userGroup
 		return model.User{}, err
 	}
 
-	s.scimService.ScheduleSync()
+	if s.scimService != nil {
+		s.scimService.ScheduleSync()
+	}
+
 	return user, nil
 }
 
@@ -576,7 +588,10 @@ func (s *UserService) disableUserInternal(ctx context.Context, tx *gorm.DB, user
 		return err
 	}
 
-	s.scimService.ScheduleSync()
+	if s.scimService != nil {
+		s.scimService.ScheduleSync()
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 

depot.json

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{ "id": "c36t29j6bz" }

docker/Dockerfile

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1.7
+
 # This file uses multi-stage builds to build the application from source, including the front-end
 
 # Tags passed to "go build"
@@ -9,27 +11,33 @@ RUN corepack enable
 
 WORKDIR /build
 
-COPY pnpm-workspace.yaml pnpm-lock.yaml ./
+COPY package.json pnpm-workspace.yaml pnpm-lock.yaml ./
 COPY frontend/package.json ./frontend/
-RUN pnpm --filter pocket-id-frontend install --frozen-lockfile
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.local/share/pnpm/store \
+  pnpm --filter pocket-id-frontend install --frozen-lockfile
 
 COPY ./frontend ./frontend/
 
-RUN BUILD_OUTPUT_PATH=dist pnpm --filter pocket-id-frontend run build
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/build/frontend/node_modules/.vite \
+  --mount=type=cache,target=/build/frontend/.svelte-kit \
+  BUILD_OUTPUT_PATH=dist pnpm --filter pocket-id-frontend run build
 
 # Stage 2: Build Backend
 FROM golang:1.26-alpine AS backend-builder
 ARG BUILD_TAGS
 WORKDIR /build
 COPY ./backend/go.mod ./backend/go.sum ./
-RUN go mod download
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/go/pkg/mod \
+  go mod download
 
 COPY ./backend ./
 COPY --from=frontend-builder /build/frontend/dist ./frontend/dist
 COPY .version .version
 
 WORKDIR /build/cmd
-RUN VERSION=$(cat /build/.version) \ 
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/go/pkg/mod \
+  --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/go-build \
+  VERSION=$(cat /build/.version) && \
   CGO_ENABLED=0 \
   GOOS=linux \
   go build \

frontend/src/lib/components/login-wrapper.svelte

@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+<script module lang="ts">
+	// Persist the last failing background image URL across route remounts so
+	// login pages without a background do not briefly retry the image and stutter.
+	let persistedMissingBackgroundImageUrl: string | undefined;
+</script>
+
 <script lang="ts">
 	import { afterNavigate } from '$app/navigation';
 	import { page } from '$app/state';
@@ -17,13 +23,32 @@
 		showAlternativeSignInMethodButton?: boolean;
 	} = $props();
 
+	let missingBackgroundImageUrl = $state<string | undefined>(persistedMissingBackgroundImageUrl);
+	let loadedBackgroundImageUrl = $state<string | undefined>();
 	let isInitialLoad = $state(false);
-	let animate = $derived(isInitialLoad && !$appConfigStore.disableAnimations);
+	let backgroundImageUrl = $derived(cachedBackgroundImage.getUrl());
+	let imageError = $derived(missingBackgroundImageUrl === backgroundImageUrl);
+	let imageLoaded = $derived(loadedBackgroundImageUrl === backgroundImageUrl);
+	let animate = $derived(isInitialLoad && imageLoaded && !$appConfigStore.disableAnimations);
 
 	afterNavigate((e) => {
 		isInitialLoad = !e?.from?.url;
 	});
 
+	function onBackgroundImageLoad() {
+		loadedBackgroundImageUrl = backgroundImageUrl;
+		if (persistedMissingBackgroundImageUrl === backgroundImageUrl) {
+			persistedMissingBackgroundImageUrl = undefined;
+			missingBackgroundImageUrl = undefined;
+		}
+	}
+
+	function onBackgroundImageError() {
+		loadedBackgroundImageUrl = undefined;
+		persistedMissingBackgroundImageUrl = backgroundImageUrl;
+		missingBackgroundImageUrl = backgroundImageUrl;
+	}
+
 	const isDesktop = new MediaQuery('min-width: 1024px');
 	let alternativeSignInButton = $state({
 		href: '/login/alternative',
@@ -46,9 +71,9 @@
 </script>
 
 {#if isDesktop.current}
-	<div class="h-screen items-center overflow-hidden text-center">
+	<div class="h-screen items-center overflow-hidden text-center flex justify-center">
 		<div
-			class="relative z-10 flex h-full w-[650px] 2xl:w-[800px] p-16 {cn(
+			class="flex h-full w-[650px] 2xl:w-[800px] p-16 {cn(
 				showAlternativeSignInMethodButton && 'pb-0'
 			)}"
 		>
@@ -69,16 +94,18 @@
 			</div>
 		</div>
 
-		<!-- Background image -->
-		<div class="absolute top-0 right-0 left-500px bottom-0 z-0 overflow-hidden rounded-[40px] m-6">
-			<img
-				src={cachedBackgroundImage.getUrl()}
-				class="{cn(
-					animate && 'animate-bg-zoom'
-				)} h-screen object-cover w-[calc(100vw-650px)] 2xl:w-[calc(100vw-800px)]"
-				alt={m.login_background()}
-			/>
-		</div>
+		{#if !imageError}
+			<!-- Background image -->
+			<div class="m-6 flex h-[calc(100vh-3rem)] overflow-hidden rounded-[40px]">
+				<img
+					src={backgroundImageUrl}
+					class="h-full object-cover {cn(animate && 'animate-bg-zoom')}"
+					alt={m.login_background()}
+					onload={onBackgroundImageLoad}
+					onerror={onBackgroundImageError}
+				/>
+			</div>
+		{/if}
 	</div>
 {:else}
 	<div

frontend/src/lib/services/app-config-service.ts

@@ -71,6 +71,11 @@ export default class AppConfigService extends APIService {
 		cachedBackgroundImage.bustCache();
 	};
 
+	deleteBackgroundImage = async () => {
+		await this.api.delete(`/application-images/background`);
+		cachedBackgroundImage.bustCache();
+	};
+
 	deleteDefaultProfilePicture = async () => {
 		await this.api.delete('/application-images/default-profile-picture');
 		cachedDefaultProfilePicture.bustCache();

frontend/src/routes/settings/admin/application-configuration/+page.svelte

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@
 		logoDark: File | undefined,
 		logoEmail: File | undefined,
 		defaultProfilePicture: File | null | undefined,
-		backgroundImage: File | undefined,
+		backgroundImage: File | null | undefined,
 		favicon: File | undefined
 	) {
 		const faviconPromise = favicon ? appConfigService.updateFavicon(favicon) : Promise.resolve();
@@ -68,9 +68,12 @@
 					? appConfigService.updateDefaultProfilePicture(defaultProfilePicture)
 					: Promise.resolve();
 
-		const backgroundImagePromise = backgroundImage
-			? appConfigService.updateBackgroundImage(backgroundImage)
-			: Promise.resolve();
+		const backgroundImagePromise =
+			backgroundImage === null
+			? appConfigService.deleteBackgroundImage()
+			: backgroundImage
+				? appConfigService.updateBackgroundImage(backgroundImage)
+				: Promise.resolve();
 
 		await Promise.all([
 			lightLogoPromise,

frontend/src/routes/settings/admin/application-configuration/update-application-images.svelte

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 			logoDark: File | undefined,
 			logoEmail: File | undefined,
 			defaultProfilePicture: File | null | undefined,
-			backgroundImage: File | undefined,
+			backgroundImage: File | null | undefined,
 			favicon: File | undefined
 		) => void;
 	} = $props();
@@ -26,10 +26,11 @@
 	let logoDark = $state<File | undefined>();
 	let logoEmail = $state<File | undefined>();
 	let defaultProfilePicture = $state<File | null | undefined>();
-	let backgroundImage = $state<File | undefined>();
+	let backgroundImage = $state<File | null | undefined>();
 	let favicon = $state<File | undefined>();
 
 	let defaultProfilePictureSet = $state(true);
+	let backgroundImageSet = $state(true);
 </script>
 
 <div class="flex flex-col gap-8">
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@
 		label={m.favicon()}
 		bind:image={favicon}
 		imageURL="/api/application-images/favicon"
-		accept="image/x-icon"
+		accept="image/svg+xml, image/png, image/x-icon"
 	/>
 	<ApplicationImage
 		id="logo-light"
@@ -77,10 +78,12 @@
 	/>
 	<ApplicationImage
 		id="background-image"
-		imageClass="h-[350px] max-w-[500px]"
+		imageClass="max-h-[350px] max-w-[500px]"
 		label={m.background_image()}
+		isResetable
 		bind:image={backgroundImage}
 		imageURL={cachedBackgroundImage.getUrl()}
+		isImageSet={backgroundImageSet}
 	/>
 </div>
 <div class="flex justify-end">

frontend/src/routes/settings/admin/users/user-form.svelte

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 	import FormInput from '$lib/components/form/form-input.svelte';
 	import SwitchWithLabel from '$lib/components/form/switch-with-label.svelte';
 	import { Button } from '$lib/components/ui/button';
+	import { Input } from '$lib/components/ui/input';
 	import { Toggle } from '$lib/components/ui/toggle';
 	import * as Tooltip from '$lib/components/ui/tooltip/index.js';
 	import { m } from '$lib/paraglide/messages';
@@ -76,34 +77,37 @@
 	<fieldset disabled={inputDisabled}>
 		<div class="grid grid-cols-1 items-start gap-5 md:grid-cols-2">
 			<FormInput label={m.username()} bind:input={$inputs.username} />
-			<div class="flex items-end">
-				<FormInput
-					inputClass="rounded-r-none border-r-0"
-					label={m.email()}
-					bind:input={$inputs.email}
-				/>
-				<Tooltip.Provider>
-					{@const label = $inputs.emailVerified.value
-						? m.mark_as_unverified()
-						: m.mark_as_verified()}
-					<Tooltip.Root>
-						<Tooltip.Trigger>
-							<Toggle
-								bind:pressed={$inputs.emailVerified.value}
-								aria-label={label}
-								class="h-9 border-input bg-yellow-100 dark:bg-yellow-950 data-[state=on]:bg-green-100 dark:data-[state=on]:bg-green-950 rounded-l-none border px-2 py-1 shadow-xs flex items-center hover:data-[state=on]:bg-accent"
-							>
-								{#if $inputs.emailVerified.value}
-									<LucideMailCheck class="text-green-500 dark:text-green-600 size-5" />
-								{:else}
-									<LucideMailWarning class="text-yellow-500 dark:text-yellow-600 size-5" />
-								{/if}
-							</Toggle>
-						</Tooltip.Trigger>
-						<Tooltip.Content>{label}</Tooltip.Content>
-					</Tooltip.Root>
-				</Tooltip.Provider>
-			</div>
+			<FormInput label={m.email()} bind:input={$inputs.email} labelFor="email">
+				<div class="flex items-end">
+					<Input
+						id="email"
+						class="rounded-r-none border-r-0"
+						aria-invalid={!!$inputs.email.error}
+						bind:value={$inputs.email.value}
+					/>
+					<Tooltip.Provider>
+						{@const label = $inputs.emailVerified.value
+							? m.mark_as_unverified()
+							: m.mark_as_verified()}
+						<Tooltip.Root>
+							<Tooltip.Trigger>
+								<Toggle
+									bind:pressed={$inputs.emailVerified.value}
+									aria-label={label}
+									class="h-9 border-input bg-yellow-100 dark:bg-yellow-950 data-[state=on]:bg-green-100 dark:data-[state=on]:bg-green-950 rounded-l-none border px-2 py-1 shadow-xs flex items-center hover:data-[state=on]:bg-accent"
+								>
+									{#if $inputs.emailVerified.value}
+										<LucideMailCheck class="text-green-500 dark:text-green-600 size-5" />
+									{:else}
+										<LucideMailWarning class="text-yellow-500 dark:text-yellow-600 size-5" />
+									{/if}
+								</Toggle>
+							</Tooltip.Trigger>
+							<Tooltip.Content>{label}</Tooltip.Content>
+						</Tooltip.Root>
+					</Tooltip.Provider>
+				</div>
+			</FormInput>
 			<FormInput label={m.first_name()} oninput={onNameInput} bind:input={$inputs.firstName} />
 			<FormInput label={m.last_name()} oninput={onNameInput} bind:input={$inputs.lastName} />
 			<FormInput

tests/setup/docker-compose-s3.yml

@@ -9,21 +9,21 @@ services:
       service: scim-test-server
   localstack-s3:
     image: localstack/localstack:s3-latest
-    healthcheck:
-      test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localstack-s3:4566"]
-      interval: 1s
-      timeout: 3s
-      retries: 10
-  create-bucket:
-    image: amazon/aws-cli:latest
     environment:
       AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID: test
       AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: test
       AWS_DEFAULT_REGION: us-east-1
-    depends_on:
-      localstack-s3:
-        condition: service_healthy
-    entrypoint: "aws --endpoint-url=http://localstack-s3:4566 s3 mb s3://pocket-id-test"
+    volumes:
+      - ./localstack-init-s3.py:/etc/localstack/init/ready.d/10-init-s3.py
+    healthcheck:
+      test:
+        [
+          "CMD-SHELL",
+          'curl -fs http://localstack-s3:4566/_localstack/init/ready | grep -q ''"completed": true''',
+        ]
+      interval: 1s
+      timeout: 3s
+      retries: 10
   pocket-id:
     extends:
       file: docker-compose.yml
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ services:
       S3_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: test
       S3_FORCE_PATH_STYLE: true
     depends_on:
-      create-bucket:
-        condition: service_completed_successfully
+      localstack-s3:
+        condition: service_healthy
 
 volumes:
   pocket-id-test-data:

tests/setup/localstack-init-s3.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import boto3
+from botocore.exceptions import ClientError
+
+BUCKET_NAME = "pocket-id-test"
+
+
+def main() -> None:
+    s3 = boto3.client(
+        "s3",
+        endpoint_url="http://localhost:4566",
+        aws_access_key_id="test",
+        aws_secret_access_key="test",
+        region_name="us-east-1",
+    )
+
+    try:
+        s3.head_bucket(Bucket=BUCKET_NAME)
+    except ClientError:
+        s3.create_bucket(Bucket=BUCKET_NAME)
+
+
+main()