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1 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Jérôme Petazzoni
719debd824 🗼 Highfive Mai 2024 2024-06-21 18:19:50 +02:00
26 changed files with 569 additions and 709 deletions

View File

@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
#!/bin/sh
set -eu
# https://open-api.netlify.com/#tag/dnsZone
[ "${1-}" ] || {
[ "$1" ] || {
echo ""
echo "Add a record in Netlify DNS."
echo "This script is hardcoded to add a record to container.training".
@@ -20,7 +18,7 @@ set -eu
}
NETLIFY_CONFIG_FILE=~/.config/netlify/config.json
if ! [ "${DOMAIN-}" ]; then
if ! [ "$DOMAIN" ]; then
DOMAIN=container.training
fi

View File

@@ -1,11 +1,4 @@
#!/bin/sh
#
# Baseline resource usage per vcluster in our usecase:
# 500 MB RAM
# 10% CPU
# (See https://docs.google.com/document/d/1n0lwp6rQKQUIuo_A5LQ1dgCzrmjkDjmDtNj1Jn92UrI)
# PRO2-XS = 4 core, 16 gb
PROVIDER=scaleway
case "$PROVIDER" in
@@ -32,7 +25,7 @@ while read node address; do
done
# vcluster all the things
./labctl create --settings settings/mk8s.env --provider vcluster --mode mk8s --students 50
./labctl create --settings settings/mk8s.env --provider vcluster --mode mk8s --students 30
# install prometheus stack because that's cool
helm upgrade --install --repo https://prometheus-community.github.io/helm-charts \

View File

@@ -517,7 +517,6 @@ _cmd_kubeadm() {
CLUSTER_CONFIGURATION_KUBERNETESVERSION='kubernetesVersion: "v'$KUBEVERSION'"'
IGNORE_SYSTEMVERIFICATION="- SystemVerification"
IGNORE_SWAP="- Swap"
IGNORE_IPTABLES="- FileContent--proc-sys-net-bridge-bridge-nf-call-iptables"
fi
# Install a valid configuration for containerd
@@ -541,7 +540,6 @@ nodeRegistration:
- NumCPU
$IGNORE_SYSTEMVERIFICATION
$IGNORE_SWAP
$IGNORE_IPTABLES
---
kind: JoinConfiguration
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta3
@@ -555,7 +553,6 @@ nodeRegistration:
- NumCPU
$IGNORE_SYSTEMVERIFICATION
$IGNORE_SWAP
$IGNORE_IPTABLES
---
kind: KubeletConfiguration
apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
@@ -747,16 +744,6 @@ EOF
aws-iam-authenticator version
fi"
# Install jless (jless.io)
pssh "
if [ ! -x /usr/local/bin/jless ]; then
##VERSION##
sudo apt-get install -y libxcb-render0 libxcb-shape0 libxcb-xfixes0
wget https://github.com/PaulJuliusMartinez/jless/releases/download/v0.9.0/jless-v0.9.0-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.zip
unzip jless-v0.9.0-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
sudo mv jless /usr/local/bin
fi"
# Install the krew package manager
pssh "
if [ ! -d /home/$USER_LOGIN/.krew ]; then
@@ -769,7 +756,7 @@ EOF
fi"
# Install kubecolor
KUBECOLOR_VERSION=0.4.0
KUBECOLOR_VERSION=0.3.2
URL=https://github.com/kubecolor/kubecolor/releases/download/v${KUBECOLOR_VERSION}/kubecolor_${KUBECOLOR_VERSION}_linux_${ARCH}.tar.gz
pssh "
if [ ! -x /usr/local/bin/kubecolor ]; then
@@ -1068,7 +1055,6 @@ _cmd_tailhist () {
# halfway through and we're actually trying to download it again.
pssh "
set -e
sudo apt-get install unzip -y
wget -c https://github.com/joewalnes/websocketd/releases/download/v0.3.0/websocketd-0.3.0-linux_$ARCH.zip
unzip websocketd-0.3.0-linux_$ARCH.zip websocketd
sudo mv websocketd /usr/local/bin/websocketd

View File

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ USER_PASSWORD=training
# For a list of old versions, check:
# https://kubernetes.io/releases/patch-releases/#non-active-branch-history
KUBEVERSION=1.28.9
KUBEVERSION=1.24.14
STEPS="
wait

View File

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ resource "helm_release" "_" {
create_namespace = true
repository = "https://charts.loft.sh"
chart = "vcluster"
version = "0.19.7"
set {
name = "service.type"
value = "NodePort"

View File

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ $ hcloud server-type list | grep shared
variable "node_sizes" {
type = map(any)
default = {
S = "cpx11"
M = "cpx21"
L = "cpx31"
S = "cx11"
M = "cx21"
L = "cx31"
}
}

View File

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ data "openstack_images_image_v2" "_" {
most_recent = true
properties = {
os = "ubuntu"
version = "24.04"
version = "22.04"
}
}

68
slides/1.yml Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
title: |
Docker Intensif
chat: "[Mattermost](https://training.enix.io/mattermost)"
gitrepo: github.com/jpetazzo/container.training
slides: https://2024-05-enix.container.training/
#slidenumberprefix: "#SomeHashTag — "
exclude:
- self-paced
content:
- shared/title.md
- logistics.md
- containers/intro.md
- shared/about-slides.md
- shared/chat-room-im.md
#- shared/chat-room-zoom-meeting.md
#- shared/chat-room-zoom-webinar.md
- shared/toc.md
- # DAY 1
#- containers/Docker_Overview.md
#- containers/Docker_History.md
- containers/Training_Environment.md
#- containers/Installing_Docker.md
- containers/First_Containers.md
- containers/Background_Containers.md
- containers/Initial_Images.md
- containers/Building_Images_Interactively.md
- containers/Building_Images_With_Dockerfiles.md
- containers/Cmd_And_Entrypoint.md
- containers/Copying_Files_During_Build.md
- containers/Exercise_Dockerfile_Basic.md
- # DAY 2
- containers/Container_Networking_Basics.md
- containers/Local_Development_Workflow.md
- containers/Container_Network_Model.md
- containers/Compose_For_Dev_Stacks.md
- containers/Exercise_Composefile.md
- # DAY 3
- containers/Start_And_Attach.md
- containers/Naming_And_Inspecting.md
- containers/Labels.md
- containers/Getting_Inside.md
- containers/Dockerfile_Tips.md
- containers/Advanced_Dockerfiles.md
- containers/Multi_Stage_Builds.md
- containers/Publishing_To_Docker_Hub.md
- containers/Exercise_Dockerfile_Advanced.md
- # DAY 4
- containers/Buildkit.md
- containers/Network_Drivers.md
- containers/Namespaces_Cgroups.md
#- containers/Copy_On_Write.md
- containers/Orchestration_Overview.md
#- containers/Docker_Machine.md
#- containers/Init_Systems.md
#- containers/Application_Configuration.md
#- containers/Logging.md
#- containers/Containers_From_Scratch.md
#- containers/Container_Engines.md
#- containers/Pods_Anatomy.md
#- containers/Ecosystem.md
- shared/thankyou.md
#- containers/links.md

View File

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
title: |
Kubernetes
Fondamentaux Kubernetes
chat: "[Mattermost](https://formintra.enix.io/mattermost)"
chat: "[Mattermost](https://training.enix.io/mattermost)"
gitrepo: github.com/jpetazzo/container.training
slides: https://2024-10-formintra.container.training/
slides: https://2024-05-enix.container.training/
#slidenumberprefix: "#SomeHashTag — "

46
slides/3.yml Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
title: |
Packaging d'applications
pour Kubernetes
chat: "[Mattermost](https://training.enix.io/mattermost)"
gitrepo: github.com/jpetazzo/container.training
slides: https://2024-05-enix.container.training/
#slidenumberprefix: "#SomeHashTag — "
exclude:
- self-paced
content:
- shared/title.md
- logistics.md
- k8s/intro.md
- shared/about-slides.md
- k8s/prereqs-advanced.md
- shared/handson.md
- shared/webssh.md
- shared/connecting.md
#- shared/chat-room-im.md
#- shared/chat-room-zoom.md
- shared/toc.md
-
- k8s/demo-apps.md
- k8s/kustomize.md
- k8s/helm-intro.md
- k8s/helm-chart-format.md
- k8s/helm-create-basic-chart.md
- exercises/helm-generic-chart-details.md
-
- k8s/helm-create-better-chart.md
- k8s/helm-dependencies.md
- k8s/helm-values-schema-validation.md
- k8s/helm-secrets.md
- exercises/helm-umbrella-chart-details.md
-
- k8s/ytt.md
- k8s/gitworkflows.md
- k8s/flux.md
- k8s/argocd.md
- shared/thankyou.md

70
slides/4.yml Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
title: |
Kubernetes Avancé
chat: "[Mattermost](https://training.enix.io/mattermost)"
gitrepo: github.com/jpetazzo/container.training
slides: https://2024-05-enix.container.training/
#slidenumberprefix: "#SomeHashTag — "
exclude:
- self-paced
content:
- shared/title.md
- logistics.md
- k8s/intro.md
- shared/about-slides.md
- shared/chat-room-im.md
#- shared/chat-room-zoom.md
- k8s/prereqs-advanced.md
- shared/handson.md
- shared/webssh.md
- shared/connecting.md
- shared/toc.md
- exercises/netpol-brief.md
- exercises/sealed-secrets-brief.md
- exercises/kyverno-ingress-domain-name-brief.md
- #1
- k8s/demo-apps.md
- k8s/netpol.md
- k8s/authn-authz.md
- k8s/sealed-secrets.md
- k8s/cert-manager.md
- k8s/cainjector.md
- k8s/ingress-tls.md
- exercises/netpol-details.md
- exercises/sealed-secrets-details.md
- #2
- k8s/extending-api.md
- k8s/crd.md
- k8s/operators.md
- k8s/admission.md
- k8s/cainjector.md
- k8s/kyverno.md
- exercises/kyverno-ingress-domain-name-details.md
- #3
- k8s/resource-limits.md
- k8s/metrics-server.md
- k8s/cluster-sizing.md
- k8s/horizontal-pod-autoscaler.md
- k8s/apiserver-deepdive.md
- k8s/aggregation-layer.md
- k8s/hpa-v2.md
- #4
- k8s/statefulsets.md
- k8s/consul.md
- k8s/pv-pvc-sc.md
- k8s/volume-claim-templates.md
#- k8s/eck.md
#- k8s/portworx.md
- k8s/openebs.md
- k8s/stateful-failover.md
- k8s/operators-design.md
- k8s/operators-example.md
- k8s/owners-and-dependents.md
- k8s/events.md
- k8s/finalizers.md
- shared/thankyou.md

59
slides/5.yml Normal file
View File

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
title: |
Opérer Kubernetes
chat: "[Mattermost](https://training.enix.io/mattermost)"
gitrepo: github.com/jpetazzo/container.training
slides: https://2024-05-enix.container.training/
#slidenumberprefix: "#SomeHashTag — "
exclude:
- self-paced
content:
- shared/title.md
- logistics-ludovic.md
- k8s/intro.md
- shared/about-slides.md
- shared/chat-room-im.md
#- shared/chat-room-zoom-meeting.md
#- shared/chat-room-zoom-webinar.md
- shared/toc.md
# DAY 1
-
- k8s/prereqs-advanced.md
- shared/handson.md
- k8s/architecture.md
- k8s/deploymentslideshow.md
- k8s/dmuc-easy.md
-
- k8s/dmuc-medium.md
- k8s/dmuc-hard.md
- k8s/cni-internals.md
#- k8s/interco.md
- k8s/apilb.md
-
- k8s/internal-apis.md
- k8s/staticpods.md
- k8s/cluster-upgrade.md
- k8s/cluster-backup.md
#- k8s/cloud-controller-manager.md
-
- k8s/control-plane-auth.md
- k8s/user-cert.md
- k8s/csr-api.md
- k8s/openid-connect.md
- k8s/pod-security-intro.md
- k8s/pod-security-policies.md
- k8s/pod-security-admission.md
- shared/thankyou.md
#-
# |
# # (Extra content)
# - k8s/apiserver-deepdive.md
# - k8s/setup-overview.md
# - k8s/setup-devel.md
# - k8s/setup-managed.md
# - k8s/setup-selfhosted.md

View File

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
# Shortlinks for next training in English and French
#/next https://www.eventbrite.com/e/livestream-intensive-kubernetes-bootcamp-tickets-103262336428
/next https://qconsf.com/training/nov2024/asynchronous-architecture-patterns-scale-ml-and-other-high-latency-workloads
/next https://skillsmatter.com/courses/700-advanced-kubernetes-concepts-workshop-jerome-petazzoni
/hi5 https://enix.io/fr/services/formation/online/
/us https://www.ardanlabs.com/live-training-events/deploying-microservices-and-traditional-applications-with-kubernetes-march-28-2022.html
/uk https://skillsmatter.com/workshops/827-deploying-microservices-and-traditional-applications-with-kubernetes-with-jerome-petazzoni
@@ -24,4 +24,4 @@
# Survey form
/please https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfIYSgrV7tpfBNm1hOaprjnBHgWKn5n-k5vtNXYJkOX1sRxng/viewform
/ /kube.yml.html 200!
/ /highfive.html 200!

View File

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
"name": "container-training-pub-sub-server",
"version": "0.0.1",
"dependencies": {
"express": "^4.21.0",
"express": "^4.16.2",
"socket.io": "^4.7.5",
"socket.io-client": "^4.7.5"
}
@@ -65,20 +65,20 @@
}
},
"node_modules/body-parser": {
"version": "1.20.3",
"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/body-parser/-/body-parser-1.20.3.tgz",
"integrity": "sha512-7rAxByjUMqQ3/bHJy7D6OGXvx/MMc4IqBn/X0fcM1QUcAItpZrBEYhWGem+tzXH90c+G01ypMcYJBO9Y30203g==",
"version": "1.20.0",
"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/body-parser/-/body-parser-1.20.0.tgz",
"integrity": "sha512-DfJ+q6EPcGKZD1QWUjSpqp+Q7bDQTsQIF4zfUAtZ6qk+H/3/QRhg9CEp39ss+/T2vw0+HaidC0ecJj/DRLIaKg==",
"dependencies": {
"bytes": "3.1.2",
"content-type": "~1.0.5",
"content-type": "~1.0.4",
"debug": "2.6.9",
"depd": "2.0.0",
"destroy": "1.2.0",
"http-errors": "2.0.0",
"iconv-lite": "0.4.24",
"on-finished": "2.4.1",
"qs": "6.13.0",
"raw-body": "2.5.2",
"qs": "6.10.3",
"raw-body": "2.5.1",
"type-is": "~1.6.18",
"unpipe": "1.0.0"
},
@@ -96,18 +96,12 @@
}
},
"node_modules/call-bind": {
"version": "1.0.7",
"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/call-bind/-/call-bind-1.0.7.tgz",
"integrity": "sha512-GHTSNSYICQ7scH7sZ+M2rFopRoLh8t2bLSW6BbgrtLsahOIB5iyAVJf9GjWK3cYTDaMj4XdBpM1cA6pIS0Kv2w==",
"version": "1.0.2",
"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/call-bind/-/call-bind-1.0.2.tgz",
"integrity": "sha512-7O+FbCihrB5WGbFYesctwmTKae6rOiIzmz1icreWJ+0aA7LJfuqhEso2T9ncpcFtzMQtzXf2QGGueWJGTYsqrA==",
"dependencies": {
"es-define-property": "^1.0.0",
"es-errors": "^1.3.0",
"function-bind": "^1.1.2",
"get-intrinsic": "^1.2.4",
"set-function-length": "^1.2.1"
},
"engines": {
"node": ">= 0.4"
"function-bind": "^1.1.1",
"get-intrinsic": "^1.0.2"
},
"funding": {
"url": "https://github.com/sponsors/ljharb"
@@ -125,17 +119,17 @@
}
},
"node_modules/content-type": {
"version": "1.0.5",
"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/content-type/-/content-type-1.0.5.tgz",
"integrity": "sha512-nTjqfcBFEipKdXCv4YDQWCfmcLZKm81ldF0pAopTvyrFGVbcR6P/VAAd5G7N+0tTr8QqiU0tFadD6FK4NtJwOA==",
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"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/content-type/-/content-type-1.0.4.tgz",
"integrity": "sha512-hIP3EEPs8tB9AT1L+NUqtwOAps4mk2Zob89MWXMHjHWg9milF/j4osnnQLXBCBFBk/tvIG/tUc9mOUJiPBhPXA==",
"engines": {
"node": ">= 0.6"
}
},
"node_modules/cookie": {
"version": "0.6.0",
"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/cookie/-/cookie-0.6.0.tgz",
"integrity": "sha512-U71cyTamuh1CRNCfpGY6to28lxvNwPG4Guz/EVjgf3Jmzv0vlDp1atT9eS5dDjMYHucpHbWns6Lwf3BKz6svdw==",
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"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/cookie/-/cookie-0.5.0.tgz",
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"engines": {
"node": ">= 0.6"
}
@@ -165,22 +159,6 @@
"ms": "2.0.0"
}
},
"node_modules/define-data-property": {
"version": "1.1.4",
"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/define-data-property/-/define-data-property-1.1.4.tgz",
"integrity": "sha512-rBMvIzlpA8v6E+SJZoo++HAYqsLrkg7MSfIinMPFhmkorw7X+dOXVJQs+QT69zGkzMyfDnIMN2Wid1+NbL3T+A==",
"dependencies": {
"es-define-property": "^1.0.0",
"es-errors": "^1.3.0",
"gopd": "^1.0.1"
},
"engines": {
"node": ">= 0.4"
},
"funding": {
"url": "https://github.com/sponsors/ljharb"
}
},
"node_modules/depd": {
"version": "2.0.0",
"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/depd/-/depd-2.0.0.tgz",
@@ -204,9 +182,9 @@
"integrity": "sha512-WMwm9LhRUo+WUaRN+vRuETqG89IgZphVSNkdFgeb6sS/E4OrDIN7t48CAewSHXc6C8lefD8KKfr5vY61brQlow=="
},
"node_modules/encodeurl": {
"version": "2.0.0",
"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/encodeurl/-/encodeurl-2.0.0.tgz",
"integrity": "sha512-Q0n9HRi4m6JuGIV1eFlmvJB7ZEVxu93IrMyiMsGC0lrMJMWzRgx6WGquyfQgZVb31vhGgXnfmPNNXmxnOkRBrg==",
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"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/encodeurl/-/encodeurl-1.0.2.tgz",
"integrity": "sha512-TPJXq8JqFaVYm2CWmPvnP2Iyo4ZSM7/QKcSmuMLDObfpH5fi7RUGmd/rTDf+rut/saiDiQEeVTNgAmJEdAOx0w==",
"engines": {
"node": ">= 0.8"
}
@@ -301,25 +279,6 @@
"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ms/-/ms-2.1.2.tgz",
"integrity": "sha512-sGkPx+VjMtmA6MX27oA4FBFELFCZZ4S4XqeGOXCv68tT+jb3vk/RyaKWP0PTKyWtmLSM0b+adUTEvbs1PEaH2w=="
},
"node_modules/es-define-property": {
"version": "1.0.0",
"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/es-define-property/-/es-define-property-1.0.0.tgz",
"integrity": "sha512-jxayLKShrEqqzJ0eumQbVhTYQM27CfT1T35+gCgDFoL82JLsXqTJ76zv6A0YLOgEnLUMvLzsDsGIrl8NFpT2gQ==",
"dependencies": {
"get-intrinsic": "^1.2.4"
},
"engines": {
"node": ">= 0.4"
}
},
"node_modules/es-errors": {
"version": "1.3.0",
"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/es-errors/-/es-errors-1.3.0.tgz",
"integrity": "sha512-Zf5H2Kxt2xjTvbJvP2ZWLEICxA6j+hAmMzIlypy4xcBg1vKVnx89Wy0GbS+kf5cwCVFFzdCFh2XSCFNULS6csw==",
"engines": {
"node": ">= 0.4"
}
},
"node_modules/escape-html": {
"version": "1.0.3",
"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/escape-html/-/escape-html-1.0.3.tgz",
@@ -334,36 +293,36 @@
}
},
"node_modules/express": {
"version": "4.21.0",
"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/express/-/express-4.21.0.tgz",
"integrity": "sha512-VqcNGcj/Id5ZT1LZ/cfihi3ttTn+NJmkli2eZADigjq29qTlWi/hAQ43t/VLPq8+UX06FCEx3ByOYet6ZFblng==",
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"resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/express/-/express-4.18.1.tgz",
"integrity": "sha512-zZBcOX9TfehHQhtupq57OF8lFZ3UZi08Y97dwFCkD8p9d/d2Y3M+ykKcwaMDEL+4qyUolgBDX6AblpR3fL212Q==",
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"array-flatten": "1.1.1",
"body-parser": "1.20.3",
"body-parser": "1.20.0",
"content-disposition": "0.5.4",
"content-type": "~1.0.4",
"cookie": "0.6.0",
"cookie": "0.5.0",
"cookie-signature": "1.0.6",
"debug": "2.6.9",
"depd": "2.0.0",
"encodeurl": "~2.0.0",
"encodeurl": "~1.0.2",
"escape-html": "~1.0.3",
"etag": "~1.8.1",
"finalhandler": "1.3.1",
"finalhandler": "1.2.0",
"fresh": "0.5.2",
"http-errors": "2.0.0",
"merge-descriptors": "1.0.3",
"merge-descriptors": "1.0.1",
"methods": "~1.1.2",
"on-finished": "2.4.1",
"parseurl": "~1.3.3",
"path-to-regexp": "0.1.10",
"path-to-regexp": "0.1.7",
"proxy-addr": "~2.0.7",
"qs": "6.13.0",
"qs": "6.10.3",
"range-parser": "~1.2.1",
"safe-buffer": "5.2.1",
"send": "0.19.0",
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},

View File

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
"name": "container-training-pub-sub-server",
"version": "0.0.1",
"dependencies": {
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}

View File

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
## Exercise — Ingress Controller
## Exercise — Ingress
- Add an ingress controller to a Kubernetes cluster

View File

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
# Exercise — Ingress Controller
# Exercise — Ingress
- We want to expose a couple of web apps through an ingress controller
@@ -128,4 +128,4 @@ This is similar to the previous scenario, but with two significant changes:
1. We only want to run the ingress controller on nodes that have the role `ingress`.
2. We want to either use `hostPort`, or a list of `externalIPs` (not `hostNetwork`).
2. We don't want to use `hostNetwork`, but a list of `externalIPs` instead.

View File

@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
## Exercise — Requests and Limits
- Check current resource allocation and utilization
- Make sure that all workloads have requests (and perhaps limits)
- Make sure that all *future* workloads too!

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@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
# Exercise — Requests and Limits
By default, if we don't specify *resource requests*,
our workloads will run in `BestEffort` quality of service.
`BestEffort` is very bad for production workloads,
because the scheduler has no idea of the actual resource
requirements of our apps, and won't be able to make
smart decisions about workload placement.
As a result, when the cluster gets overloaded,
containers will be killed, pods will be evicted,
and service disruptions will happen.
Let's solve this!
---
## Check current state
- Check *allocations*
(i.e. which pods have requests and limits for CPU and memory)
- Then check *utilization*
(i.e. actual resource usage)
- Possible tools: `kubectl`, plugins like `view-allocations`, Prometheus...
---
## Follow best practices
- We want to make sure that *all* workloads have requests
(and perhaps limits, too!)
- Depending on the workload:
- edit its YAML manifest
- adjust its Helm values
- add LimitRange in its Namespace
- Then check again to confirm that the job has been done properly!
---
## Be future-proof!
- We want to make sure that *future* workloads will have requests, too
- How can that be implemented?

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@@ -12,118 +12,118 @@
<table>
<tr>
<td>Mardi 24 septembre 2024</td>
<td>Mardi 14 mai 2024</td>
<td>
<a href="1.yml.html">Docker Intensif</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mercredi 25 septembre 2024</td>
<td>Mercredi 15 mai 2024</td>
<td>
<a href="1.yml.html">Docker Intensif</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Jeudi 26 septembre 2024</td>
<td>Jeudi 16 mai 2024</td>
<td>
<a href="1.yml.html">Docker Intensif</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Vendredi 27 septembre 2024</td>
<td>Vendredi 17 mai 2024</td>
<td>
<a href="1.yml.html">Docker Intensif</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mardi 1er octobre 2024</td>
<td>Mardi 21 mai 2024</td>
<td>
<a href="2.yml.html">Fondamentaux Kubernetes</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mercredi 2 octobre 2024</td>
<td>Mercredi 22 mai 2024</td>
<td>
<a href="2.yml.html">Fondamentaux Kubernetes</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Jeudi 3 octobre 2024</td>
<td>Jeudi 23 mai 2024</td>
<td>
<a href="2.yml.html">Fondamentaux Kubernetes</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Vendredi 4 octobre 2024</td>
<td>Vendredi 24 mai 2024</td>
<td>
<a href="2.yml.html">Fondamentaux Kubernetes</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Lundi 7 octobre 2024</td>
<td>Mardi 28 mai 2024</td>
<td>
<a href="4.yml.html">Kubernetes Avancé</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mardi 8 octobre 2024</td>
<td>Mercredi 29 mai 2024</td>
<td>
<a href="4.yml.html">Kubernetes Avancé</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mercredi 9 octobre 2024</td>
<td>Jeudi 30 mai 2024</td>
<td>
<a href="4.yml.html">Kubernetes Avancé</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Jeudi 10 octobre 2024</td>
<td>Vendredi 31 mai 2024</td>
<td>
<a href="4.yml.html">Kubernetes Avancé</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Vendredi 11 octobre 2024</td>
<td>
<a href="5.yml.html">Opérer Kubernetes</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Lundi 14 octobre 2024</td>
<td>
<a href="5.yml.html">Opérer Kubernetes</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mardi 15 octobre 2024</td>
<td>
<a href="5.yml.html">Opérer Kubernetes</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mercredi 16 octobre 2024</td>
<td>Mardi 4 juin 2024</td>
<td>
<a href="3.yml.html">Packaging d'applications pour Kubernetes</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Jeudi 17 octobre 2024</td>
<td>Mercredi 5 juin 2024</td>
<td>
<a href="3.yml.html">Packaging d'applications pour Kubernetes</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Vendredi 18 octobre 2024</td>
<td>Jeudi 6 juin 2024</td>
<td>
<a href="3.yml.html">Packaging d'applications pour Kubernetes</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Lundi 10 juin 2024</td>
<td>
<a href="5.yml.html">Opérer Kubernetes</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mardi 11 juin 2024</td>
<td>
<a href="5.yml.html">Opérer Kubernetes</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mercredi 12 juin 2024</td>
<td>
<a href="5.yml.html">Opérer Kubernetes</a>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

View File

@@ -141,6 +141,12 @@ class: pic
class: pic
![](images/control-planes/non-dedicated-stacked-nodes.svg)
---
class: pic
![](images/control-planes/advanced-control-plane.svg)
---
@@ -151,12 +157,6 @@ class: pic
---
class: pic
![](images/control-planes/non-dedicated-stacked-nodes.svg)
---
# The Kubernetes API
[

View File

@@ -583,18 +583,6 @@ git push origin staging
[Dex]: https://github.com/dexidp/dex
[rollouts]: https://argoproj.github.io/argo-rollouts/
---
## Acknowledgements
Many thanks to
Anton (Ant) Weiss ([antweiss.com](https://antweiss.com), [@antweiss](https://twitter.com/antweiss))
and
Guilhem Lettron
for contributing an initial version and suggestions to this ArgoCD chapter.
All remaining typos, mistakes, or approximations are mine (Jérôme Petazzoni).
???
:EN:- Implementing gitops with ArgoCD

View File

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@
## What version are we running anyway?
- When I say, "I'm running Kubernetes 1.28", is that the version of:
- When I say, "I'm running Kubernetes 1.22", is that the version of:
- kubectl
@@ -129,15 +129,15 @@
## Kubernetes uses semantic versioning
- Kubernetes versions look like MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH; e.g. in 1.28.9:
- Kubernetes versions look like MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH; e.g. in 1.22.17:
- MAJOR = 1
- MINOR = 28
- PATCH = 9
- MINOR = 22
- PATCH = 17
- It's always possible to mix and match different PATCH releases
(e.g. 1.28.9 and 1.28.13 are compatible)
(e.g. 1.22.17 and 1.22.5 are compatible)
- It is recommended to run the latest PATCH release
@@ -153,9 +153,9 @@
- All components support a difference of one¹ MINOR version
- This allows live upgrades (since we can mix e.g. 1.28 and 1.29)
- This allows live upgrades (since we can mix e.g. 1.22 and 1.23)
- It also means that going from 1.28 to 1.30 requires going through 1.29
- It also means that going from 1.22 to 1.24 requires going through 1.23
.footnote[¹Except kubelet, which can be up to two MINOR behind API server,
and kubectl, which can be one MINOR ahead or behind API server.]
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ and kubectl, which can be one MINOR ahead or behind API server.]
sudo vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
```
- Look for the `image:` line, and update it to e.g. `v1.30.1`
- Look for the `image:` line, and update it to e.g. `v1.24.1`
]
@@ -320,29 +320,53 @@ Note 2: kubeadm itself is still version 1.22.1..
- First things first: we need to upgrade kubeadm
- The Kubernetes package repositories are now split by minor versions
.lab[
(i.e. there is one repository for 1.28, another for 1.29, etc.)
- Upgrade kubeadm:
```
sudo apt install kubeadm=1.27.0-00
```
- This avoids accidentally upgrading from one minor version to another
- Check what kubeadm tells us:
```
sudo kubeadm upgrade plan
```
(e.g. with unattended upgrades or if packages haven't been held/pinned)
]
- We'll need to add the new package repository and unpin packages!
Problem: kubeadm doesn't know know how to handle
upgrades from version 1.22.
This is because we installed version 1.27.
We need to install kubeadm version 1.23.X.
---
## Installing the new packages
## Downgrading kubeadm
- Edit `/etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list`
- We need to go back to kubeadm version 1.23.X.
(or copy it to e.g. `kubernetes-1.29.list` and edit that)
.lab[
- `apt-get update`
- View available versions for package `kubeadm`:
```bash
apt show kubeadm -a | grep ^Version | grep 1.23
```
- Now edit (or remove) `/etc/apt/preferences.d/kubernetes`
- Downgrade kubeadm:
```
sudo apt install kubeadm=1.23.0-00
```
- `apt-get install kubeadm` should now upgrade `kubeadm` correctly! 🎉
- Check what kubeadm tells us:
```
sudo kubeadm upgrade plan
```
]
kubeadm should now agree to upgrade to 1.23.X.
---
@@ -361,7 +385,7 @@ Note 2: kubeadm itself is still version 1.22.1..
- Look for the `image:` line, and restore it to the original value
(e.g. `v1.28.9`)
(e.g. `v1.22.17`)
- Wait for the control plane to come back up
@@ -375,14 +399,9 @@ Note 2: kubeadm itself is still version 1.22.1..
.lab[
- Check the upgrade plan:
```bash
sudo kubeadm upgrade plan
```
- Perform the upgrade:
```bash
sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.29.0
sudo kubeadm upgrade apply v1.23.0
```
]
@@ -399,9 +418,15 @@ Note 2: kubeadm itself is still version 1.22.1..
- Log into node `oldversion2`
- Update package lists and APT pins like we did before
- View available versions for package `kubelet`:
```bash
apt show kubelet -a | grep ^Version
```
- Then upgrade kubelet
- Upgrade kubelet:
```bash
sudo apt install kubelet=1.23.0-00
```
]
@@ -454,16 +479,13 @@ Note 2: kubeadm itself is still version 1.22.1..
.lab[
- Execute the whole upgrade procedure on each node:
- Download the configuration on each node, and upgrade kubelet:
```bash
for N in 1 2 3; do
ssh oldversion$N "
sudo sed -i s/1.28/1.29/ /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list &&
sudo rm /etc/apt/preferences.d/kubernetes &&
sudo apt update &&
sudo apt install kubeadm -y &&
sudo apt install kubeadm=1.23.0-00 &&
sudo kubeadm upgrade node &&
sudo apt install kubelet -y"
sudo apt install kubelet=1.23.0-00"
done
```
]
@@ -472,7 +494,7 @@ Note 2: kubeadm itself is still version 1.22.1..
## Checking what we've done
- All our nodes should now be updated to version 1.29
- All our nodes should now be updated to version 1.23.0
.lab[
@@ -565,35 +587,17 @@ Note 2: kubeadm itself is still version 1.22.1..
---
## Database operators to the rescue
- Moving stateful pods (e.g.: database server) can cause downtime
- Database replication can help:
- if a node contains database servers, we make sure these servers aren't primaries
- if they are primaries, we execute a *switch over*
- Some database operators (e.g. [CNPG]) will do that switch over automatically
(when they detect that a node has been *cordoned*)
[CNPG]: https://cloudnative-pg.io/
---
class: extra-details
## Skipping versions
- This example worked because we went from 1.28 to 1.29
- This example worked because we went from 1.22 to 1.23
- If you are upgrading from e.g. 1.26, you will have to go through 1.27 first
- If you are upgrading from e.g. 1.21, you will have to go through 1.22 first
- This means upgrading kubeadm to 1.27.X, then using it to upgrade the cluster
- This means upgrading kubeadm to 1.22.X, then using it to upgrade the cluster
- Then upgrading kubeadm to 1.28.X, etc.
- Then upgrading kubeadm to 1.23.X, etc.
- **Make sure to read the release notes before upgrading!**

View File

@@ -352,87 +352,6 @@ class: pic
class: pic
![](images/kubernetes-services/64-ING-nolocal.png)
---
class: extra-details
## Traffic engineering
- By default, connections to a ClusterIP or a NodePort are load balanced
across all the backends of their Service
- This can incur extra network hops (which add latency)
- To remove that extra hop, multiple mechanisms are available:
- `spec.externalTrafficPolicy`
- `spec.internalTrafficPolicy`
- [Topology aware routing](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/topology-aware-routing/) annotation (beta)
- `spec.trafficDistribution` (alpha in 1.30, beta in 1.31)
---
## `internal / externalTrafficPolicy`
- Applies respectively to `ClusterIP` and `NodePort` connections
- Can be set to `Cluster` or `Local`
- `Cluster`: load balance connections across all backends (default)
- `Local`: load balance connections to local backends (on the same node)
- With `Local`, if there is no local backend, the connection will fail!
(the parameter expresses a "hard rule", not a preference)
- Example: `externalTrafficPolicy: Local` for Ingress controllers
(as shown on earlier diagrams)
---
class: extra-details
## Topology aware routing
- In beta since Kubernetes 1.23
- Enabled with annotation `service.kubernetes.io/topology-mode=Auto`
- Relies on node annotation `topology.kubernetes.io/zone`
- Kubernetes service proxy will try to keep connections within a zone
(connections made by a pod in zone `a` will be sent to pods in zone `a`)
- ...Except if there are no pods in the zone (then fallback to all zones)
- This can mess up autoscaling!
---
class: extra-details
## `spec.trafficDistribution`
- [KEP4444, Traffic Distribution for Services][kep4444]
- In alpha since Kubernetes 1.30, beta since Kubernetes 1.31
- Should eventually supersede topology aware routing
- Can be set to `PreferClose` (more values might be supported later)
- The meaning of `PreferClose` is implementation dependent
(with kube-proxy, it should work like topology aware routing: stay in a zone)
[kep4444]: https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/issues/4444
???
:EN:- Service types: ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer

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@@ -144,30 +144,6 @@
---
## [Orbstack](https://orbstack.dev/)
- Mac only
- Runs Docker containers, Kubernetes, and Linux virtual machines
- Emphasis on speed and energy usage (battery life)
- Great support for `ClusterIP` and `LoadBalancer` services
- Free for personal use; paid product otherwise
---
## [Podman Desktop](https://podman-desktop.io/)
- Available on Linux, Mac, and Windows
- Free and open-source
- Doesn't support Kubernetes directly, but [supports KinD](https://podman-desktop.io/docs/kind)
---
## [Rancher Desktop](https://rancherdesktop.io/)
- Available on Linux, Mac, and Windows
@@ -182,6 +158,8 @@
- Emphasis on ease of use (like Docker Desktop)
- Relatively young product (first release in May 2021)
- Based on k3s and other proven components
---

View File

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@
- Bonjour !
- Jérôme Petazzoni ([@jpetazzo@hachyderm.io])
- Sur scène : Jérôme ([@jpetazzo@hachyderm.io])
- En backstage : Alexandre, Antoine, Aurélien (x2), Benjamin (x2), David, Kostas, Nicolas, Paul, Sébastien, Thibault...
- Horaires : tous les jours de 9h à 13h
@@ -53,20 +55,26 @@
---
## En option ...
## Allô Docker¹ ?
- Chaque après-midi : une heure de questions/réponses en visioconférence
<!--
- Chaque après-midi : une heure de questions/réponses ouvertes !
(sauf le dernier jour)
- Lundi: 14h30-15h30
-->
- Mardi: 15h00-16h00
- Une heure de questions/réposnes ouvertes !
- Mercredi: 15h30-16h30
- Mercredi: 15h00-16h00
- Jeudi: 16h00-17h00
- Sur [Jitsi][jitsi] (lien "visioconf" sur le portail de formation)
.footnote[¹Clin d'œil à l'excellent ["Quoi de neuf Docker?"][qdnd] de l'excellent [Nicolas Deloof][ndeloof] 🙂]
[qdnd]: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCOAhkxpryr_BKybt9wIw-NQ
[ndeloof]: https://github.com/ndeloof
[jitsi]: https://training.enix.io/jitsi-magic/jitsi.container.training/HighFiveAutomne2024
[jitsi]: https://training.enix.io/jitsi-magic/jitsi.container.training/AlloDockerMai2024