mirror of
https://github.com/jpetazzo/container.training.git
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Add operator chapter with nice ElasticSearch demo
This commit is contained in:
21
k8s/elasticsearch-cluster.yaml
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21
k8s/elasticsearch-cluster.yaml
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@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
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apiVersion: enterprises.upmc.com/v1
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kind: ElasticsearchCluster
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metadata:
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name: es
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spec:
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kibana:
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image: docker.elastic.co/kibana/kibana-oss:6.1.3
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image-pull-policy: Always
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cerebro:
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image: upmcenterprises/cerebro:0.7.2
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image-pull-policy: Always
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elastic-search-image: upmcenterprises/docker-elasticsearch-kubernetes:6.1.3_0
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image-pull-policy: Always
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client-node-replicas: 2
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master-node-replicas: 3
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data-node-replicas: 3
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network-host: 0.0.0.0
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use-ssl: false
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data-volume-size: 10Gi
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java-options: "-Xms512m -Xmx512m"
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94
k8s/elasticsearch-operator.yaml
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94
k8s/elasticsearch-operator.yaml
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@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
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# This is mirrored from https://github.com/upmc-enterprises/elasticsearch-operator/blob/master/example/controller.yaml but using the elasticsearch-operator namespace instead of operator
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---
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: Namespace
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metadata:
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name: elasticsearch-operator
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---
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: ServiceAccount
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metadata:
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name: elasticsearch-operator
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namespace: elasticsearch-operator
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---
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apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
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kind: ClusterRole
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metadata:
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name: elasticsearch-operator
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rules:
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- apiGroups: ["extensions"]
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resources: ["deployments", "replicasets", "daemonsets"]
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verbs: ["create", "get", "update", "delete", "list"]
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- apiGroups: ["apiextensions.k8s.io"]
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resources: ["customresourcedefinitions"]
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verbs: ["create", "get", "update", "delete", "list"]
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- apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
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resources: ["storageclasses"]
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verbs: ["get", "list", "create", "delete", "deletecollection"]
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- apiGroups: [""]
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resources: ["persistentvolumes", "persistentvolumeclaims", "services", "secrets", "configmaps"]
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verbs: ["create", "get", "update", "delete", "list"]
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- apiGroups: ["batch"]
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resources: ["cronjobs", "jobs"]
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verbs: ["create", "get", "deletecollection", "delete"]
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- apiGroups: [""]
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resources: ["pods"]
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verbs: ["list", "get", "watch"]
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- apiGroups: ["apps"]
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resources: ["statefulsets", "deployments"]
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verbs: ["*"]
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- apiGroups: ["enterprises.upmc.com"]
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resources: ["elasticsearchclusters"]
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verbs: ["*"]
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---
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apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
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kind: ClusterRoleBinding
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metadata:
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name: elasticsearch-operator
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namespace: elasticsearch-operator
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roleRef:
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apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
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kind: ClusterRole
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name: elasticsearch-operator
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subjects:
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- kind: ServiceAccount
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name: elasticsearch-operator
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namespace: elasticsearch-operator
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---
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apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
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kind: Deployment
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metadata:
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name: elasticsearch-operator
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namespace: elasticsearch-operator
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spec:
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replicas: 1
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template:
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metadata:
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labels:
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name: elasticsearch-operator
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spec:
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containers:
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- name: operator
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image: upmcenterprises/elasticsearch-operator:0.2.0
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imagePullPolicy: Always
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env:
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- name: NAMESPACE
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valueFrom:
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fieldRef:
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fieldPath: metadata.namespace
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ports:
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- containerPort: 8000
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name: http
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livenessProbe:
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httpGet:
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path: /live
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port: 8000
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initialDelaySeconds: 10
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timeoutSeconds: 10
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readinessProbe:
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httpGet:
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path: /ready
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port: 8000
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initialDelaySeconds: 10
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timeoutSeconds: 5
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serviceAccount: elasticsearch-operator
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167
k8s/filebeat.yaml
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167
k8s/filebeat.yaml
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@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
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---
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: ConfigMap
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metadata:
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name: filebeat-config
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namespace: kube-system
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labels:
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k8s-app: filebeat
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data:
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filebeat.yml: |-
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filebeat.config:
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inputs:
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# Mounted `filebeat-inputs` configmap:
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path: ${path.config}/inputs.d/*.yml
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# Reload inputs configs as they change:
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reload.enabled: false
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modules:
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path: ${path.config}/modules.d/*.yml
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# Reload module configs as they change:
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reload.enabled: false
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# To enable hints based autodiscover, remove `filebeat.config.inputs` configuration and uncomment this:
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#filebeat.autodiscover:
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# providers:
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# - type: kubernetes
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# hints.enabled: true
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processors:
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- add_cloud_metadata:
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cloud.id: ${ELASTIC_CLOUD_ID}
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cloud.auth: ${ELASTIC_CLOUD_AUTH}
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output.elasticsearch:
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hosts: ['${ELASTICSEARCH_HOST:elasticsearch}:${ELASTICSEARCH_PORT:9200}']
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username: ${ELASTICSEARCH_USERNAME}
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password: ${ELASTICSEARCH_PASSWORD}
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---
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: ConfigMap
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metadata:
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name: filebeat-inputs
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namespace: kube-system
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labels:
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k8s-app: filebeat
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data:
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kubernetes.yml: |-
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- type: docker
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containers.ids:
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- "*"
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processors:
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- add_kubernetes_metadata:
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in_cluster: true
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---
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apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
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kind: DaemonSet
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metadata:
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name: filebeat
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namespace: kube-system
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labels:
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k8s-app: filebeat
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spec:
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template:
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metadata:
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labels:
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k8s-app: filebeat
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spec:
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serviceAccountName: filebeat
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terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
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containers:
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- name: filebeat
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image: docker.elastic.co/beats/filebeat-oss:7.0.1
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args: [
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"-c", "/etc/filebeat.yml",
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"-e",
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]
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env:
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- name: ELASTICSEARCH_HOST
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value: elasticsearch-es.default.svc.cluster.local
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- name: ELASTICSEARCH_PORT
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value: "9200"
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- name: ELASTICSEARCH_USERNAME
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value: elastic
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- name: ELASTICSEARCH_PASSWORD
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value: changeme
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- name: ELASTIC_CLOUD_ID
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value:
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- name: ELASTIC_CLOUD_AUTH
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value:
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securityContext:
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runAsUser: 0
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# If using Red Hat OpenShift uncomment this:
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#privileged: true
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resources:
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limits:
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memory: 200Mi
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requests:
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cpu: 100m
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memory: 100Mi
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volumeMounts:
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- name: config
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mountPath: /etc/filebeat.yml
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readOnly: true
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subPath: filebeat.yml
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- name: inputs
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mountPath: /usr/share/filebeat/inputs.d
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readOnly: true
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- name: data
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mountPath: /usr/share/filebeat/data
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- name: varlibdockercontainers
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mountPath: /var/lib/docker/containers
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readOnly: true
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volumes:
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- name: config
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configMap:
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defaultMode: 0600
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name: filebeat-config
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- name: varlibdockercontainers
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hostPath:
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path: /var/lib/docker/containers
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- name: inputs
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configMap:
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defaultMode: 0600
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name: filebeat-inputs
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# data folder stores a registry of read status for all files, so we don't send everything again on a Filebeat pod restart
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- name: data
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hostPath:
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path: /var/lib/filebeat-data
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type: DirectoryOrCreate
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---
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apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
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kind: ClusterRoleBinding
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metadata:
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name: filebeat
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subjects:
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- kind: ServiceAccount
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name: filebeat
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namespace: kube-system
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roleRef:
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kind: ClusterRole
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name: filebeat
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apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
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---
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apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
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kind: ClusterRole
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metadata:
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name: filebeat
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labels:
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k8s-app: filebeat
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rules:
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- apiGroups: [""] # "" indicates the core API group
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resources:
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- namespaces
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- pods
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verbs:
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- get
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- watch
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- list
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---
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: ServiceAccount
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metadata:
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name: filebeat
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namespace: kube-system
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labels:
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k8s-app: filebeat
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---
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110
k8s/local-path-storage.yaml
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110
k8s/local-path-storage.yaml
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@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
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# This is a local copy of:
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# https://github.com/rancher/local-path-provisioner/blob/master/deploy/local-path-storage.yaml
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---
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: Namespace
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||||
metadata:
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name: local-path-storage
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---
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apiVersion: v1
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kind: ServiceAccount
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metadata:
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name: local-path-provisioner-service-account
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namespace: local-path-storage
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---
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apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
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kind: ClusterRole
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metadata:
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name: local-path-provisioner-role
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namespace: local-path-storage
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rules:
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- apiGroups: [""]
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resources: ["nodes", "persistentvolumeclaims"]
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verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
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- apiGroups: [""]
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resources: ["endpoints", "persistentvolumes", "pods"]
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verbs: ["*"]
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- apiGroups: [""]
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resources: ["events"]
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verbs: ["create", "patch"]
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- apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
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resources: ["storageclasses"]
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||||
verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
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||||
---
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||||
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
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||||
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
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||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: local-path-provisioner-bind
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||||
namespace: local-path-storage
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||||
roleRef:
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||||
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
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||||
kind: ClusterRole
|
||||
name: local-path-provisioner-role
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||||
subjects:
|
||||
- kind: ServiceAccount
|
||||
name: local-path-provisioner-service-account
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||||
namespace: local-path-storage
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||||
---
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||||
apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
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||||
kind: Deployment
|
||||
metadata:
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||||
name: local-path-provisioner
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||||
namespace: local-path-storage
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||||
spec:
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||||
replicas: 1
|
||||
selector:
|
||||
matchLabels:
|
||||
app: local-path-provisioner
|
||||
template:
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
labels:
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||||
app: local-path-provisioner
|
||||
spec:
|
||||
serviceAccountName: local-path-provisioner-service-account
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||||
containers:
|
||||
- name: local-path-provisioner
|
||||
image: rancher/local-path-provisioner:v0.0.8
|
||||
imagePullPolicy: Always
|
||||
command:
|
||||
- local-path-provisioner
|
||||
- --debug
|
||||
- start
|
||||
- --config
|
||||
- /etc/config/config.json
|
||||
volumeMounts:
|
||||
- name: config-volume
|
||||
mountPath: /etc/config/
|
||||
env:
|
||||
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
|
||||
valueFrom:
|
||||
fieldRef:
|
||||
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
|
||||
volumes:
|
||||
- name: config-volume
|
||||
configMap:
|
||||
name: local-path-config
|
||||
---
|
||||
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
|
||||
kind: StorageClass
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: local-path
|
||||
provisioner: rancher.io/local-path
|
||||
volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer
|
||||
reclaimPolicy: Delete
|
||||
---
|
||||
kind: ConfigMap
|
||||
apiVersion: v1
|
||||
metadata:
|
||||
name: local-path-config
|
||||
namespace: local-path-storage
|
||||
data:
|
||||
config.json: |-
|
||||
{
|
||||
"nodePathMap":[
|
||||
{
|
||||
"node":"DEFAULT_PATH_FOR_NON_LISTED_NODES",
|
||||
"paths":["/opt/local-path-provisioner"]
|
||||
}
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
366
slides/k8s/operators.md
Normal file
366
slides/k8s/operators.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,366 @@
|
||||
# Operators
|
||||
|
||||
- Operators are one of the many ways to extend Kubernetes
|
||||
|
||||
- We will define operators
|
||||
|
||||
- We will see how they work
|
||||
|
||||
- We will install a specific operator (for ElasticSearch)
|
||||
|
||||
- We will use it to provision an ElasticSearch cluster
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## What are operators?
|
||||
|
||||
- Operators combine two things:
|
||||
|
||||
- Custom Resource Definitions
|
||||
|
||||
- controller code watching the corresponding resources and acting upon them
|
||||
|
||||
- A given operator can define one or multiple CRDs
|
||||
|
||||
- The controller code (control loop) can run within the cluster or elsewhere
|
||||
|
||||
(running as a Deployment with 1 replica is a common scenario)
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Why use operators?
|
||||
|
||||
- Kubernetes gives us Deployments, StatefulSets, Services ...
|
||||
|
||||
- These mechanisms give us building blocks to deploy applications
|
||||
|
||||
- They work great for services that are made of *N* identical containers
|
||||
|
||||
(like stateless ones)
|
||||
|
||||
- They also work great for some stateful applications like Consul, etcd ...
|
||||
|
||||
(with the help of highly persistent volumes)
|
||||
|
||||
- They're not enough for complex services:
|
||||
|
||||
- where different containers have different roles
|
||||
|
||||
- where extra steps have to be taken when scaling or replacing containers
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Use-cases for operators
|
||||
|
||||
- Systems with primary/secondary replication
|
||||
|
||||
Examples: MariaDB, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Redis ...
|
||||
|
||||
- Systems where different groups of nodes have different roles
|
||||
|
||||
Examples: ElasticSearch, MongoDB ...
|
||||
|
||||
- Systems that depend on other non-trivial systems
|
||||
|
||||
Examples: Flink, Kafka, ...
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## More use-cases
|
||||
|
||||
- Representing and managing external resources
|
||||
|
||||
(Example: [AWS Service Operator](https://operatorhub.io/operator/alpha/aws-service-operator.v0.0.1))
|
||||
|
||||
- Managing complex cluster add-ons
|
||||
|
||||
(Example: [Istio operator](https://operatorhub.io/operator/beta/istio-operator.0.1.6))
|
||||
|
||||
- Deploying and managing our applications lifecycles
|
||||
|
||||
(more on that later)
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## How operators work
|
||||
|
||||
- An operator creates one or more CRDs
|
||||
|
||||
(i.e., it creates new "Kinds" of resources on our cluster)
|
||||
|
||||
- The operator also runs a *controller* that will watch its resources
|
||||
|
||||
- Each time we create/updated/delete a resource, the controller is notified
|
||||
|
||||
(we could write our own cheap controller with `kubectl get --watch`)
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## One operator in action
|
||||
|
||||
- We will install the UPMC Enterprises ElasticSearch operator
|
||||
|
||||
- This operator requires PersistentVolumes
|
||||
|
||||
- We will install Rancher's [local path storage provisioner](https://github.com/rancher/local-path-provisioner) to automatically create these
|
||||
|
||||
- Then, we will create an ElasticSearch resource
|
||||
|
||||
- The operator will detect that resource and provision the cluster
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Installing a Persistent Volume provisioner
|
||||
|
||||
(This step can be skipped if you already have a dynamic volume provisioner.)
|
||||
|
||||
- This provisioner creates Persistent Volumes backed by `hostPath`
|
||||
|
||||
(local directories on our nodes)
|
||||
|
||||
- It doesn't require anything special ...
|
||||
|
||||
- ... But losing a node = losing the volumes on that node!
|
||||
|
||||
.exercise[
|
||||
|
||||
- Install the local path storage provisioner:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
kubectl apply -f ~/container.training/k8s/local-path-storage.yaml
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Making sure we have a default StorageClass
|
||||
|
||||
- The ElasticSearch operator will create StatefulSets
|
||||
|
||||
- These StatefulSets will instantiate PersistentVolumeClaims
|
||||
|
||||
- These PVCs need to be explicitly associated with a StorageClass
|
||||
|
||||
- Or we need to tag a StorageClass to be used as the default one
|
||||
|
||||
.exercise[
|
||||
|
||||
- List StorageClasses:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
kubectl get storageclasses
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
We should see the `local-path` StorageClass.
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Setting a default StorageClass
|
||||
|
||||
- This is done by adding an annotation to the StorageClass:
|
||||
|
||||
`storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class: true`
|
||||
|
||||
.exercise[
|
||||
|
||||
- Tag the StorageClass so that it's the default one:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
kubectl annotate storageclass local-path \
|
||||
storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class=true
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Check the result:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
kubectl get storageclasses
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
Now, the StorageClass should have `(default)` next to its name.
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Install the ElasticSearch operator
|
||||
|
||||
- The operator needs:
|
||||
|
||||
- a Deployment for its controller
|
||||
- a ServiceAccount, ClusterRole, ClusterRoleBinding for permissions
|
||||
- a Namespace
|
||||
|
||||
- We have grouped all the definitions for these resources in a YAML file
|
||||
|
||||
.exercise[
|
||||
|
||||
- Install the operator:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
kubectl apply -f ~/container.training/k8s/elasticsearch-operator.yaml
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Wait for the operator to be ready
|
||||
|
||||
- Some operators require to create their CRDs separately
|
||||
|
||||
- This operator will create its CRD itself
|
||||
|
||||
(i.e. the CRD is not listed in the YAML that we applied earlier)
|
||||
|
||||
.exercise[
|
||||
|
||||
- Wait until the `elasticsearchclusters` CRD shows up:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
kubectl get crds
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Create an ElasticSearch resource
|
||||
|
||||
- We can now create a resource with `kind: ElasticsearchCluster`
|
||||
|
||||
- The YAML for that resource will specify all the desired parameters:
|
||||
|
||||
- how many nodes do we want of each type (client, master, data)
|
||||
- image to use
|
||||
- add-ons (kibana, cerebro, ...)
|
||||
- whether to use TLS or not
|
||||
- etc.
|
||||
|
||||
.exercise[
|
||||
|
||||
- Create our ElasticSearch cluster:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
kubectl apply -f ~/container.training/k8s/elasticsearch-cluster.yaml
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Operator in action
|
||||
|
||||
- Over the next minutes, the operator will create:
|
||||
|
||||
- StatefulSets (one for master nodes, one for data nodes)
|
||||
|
||||
- Deployments (for client nodes; and for add-ons like cerebro and kibana)
|
||||
|
||||
- Services (for all these pods)
|
||||
|
||||
.exercise[
|
||||
|
||||
- Wait for all the StatefulSets to be fully up and running:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
kubectl get statefulsets -w
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Connecting to our cluster
|
||||
|
||||
- Since connecting directly to the ElasticSearch API is a bit raw,
|
||||
<br/>we'll connect to the cerebro frontend instead
|
||||
|
||||
.exercise[
|
||||
|
||||
- Edit the cerebro service to change its type from ClusterIP to NodePort:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
kubectl patch svc cerebro-es -p "spec: { type: NodePort }"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Retrieve the NodePort that was allocated:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
kubectl get svc cerebreo-es
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
- Connect to that port with a browser
|
||||
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## (Bonus) Setup filebeat
|
||||
|
||||
- Let's send some data to our brand new ElasticSearch cluster!
|
||||
|
||||
- We'll deploy a filebeat DaemonSet to collect node logs
|
||||
|
||||
.exercise[
|
||||
|
||||
- Deploy filebeat:
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
kubectl apply -f ~/container.training/k8s/filebeat.yaml
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
We should see at least one index being created in cerebro.
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## (Bonus) Access log data with kibana
|
||||
|
||||
- Let's expose kibana (by making kibana-es a NodePort too)
|
||||
|
||||
- Then access kibana
|
||||
|
||||
- We'll need to configure kibana indexes
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Deploying our apps with operators
|
||||
|
||||
- It is very simple to deploy with `kubectl run` / `kubectl expose`
|
||||
|
||||
- We can unlock more features by writing YAML and using `kubectl apply`
|
||||
|
||||
- Kustomize or Helm let us deploy in multiple environments
|
||||
|
||||
(and adjust/tweak parameters in each environment)
|
||||
|
||||
- We can also use an operator to deploy our application
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Pros and cons of deploying with operators
|
||||
|
||||
- The app definition and configuration is persisted in the Kubernetes API
|
||||
|
||||
- Multiple instances of the app can be manipulated with `kubectl get`
|
||||
|
||||
- We can add labels, annotations to the app instances
|
||||
|
||||
- Our controller can execute custom code for any lifecycle event
|
||||
|
||||
- However, we need to write this controller
|
||||
|
||||
- We need to be careful about changes
|
||||
|
||||
(what happens when the resource `spec` is updated?)
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Operators are not magic
|
||||
|
||||
- Look at the ElasticSearch resource definition
|
||||
|
||||
(`~/container.training/k8s/elasticsearch-cluster.yaml`)
|
||||
|
||||
- What should happen if we flip the `use-tls` flag? Twice?
|
||||
|
||||
- What should happen if we remove / re-add the kibana or cerebro sections?
|
||||
|
||||
- What should happen if we change the number of nodes?
|
||||
|
||||
- What if we want different images or parameters for the different nodes?
|
||||
|
||||
*Operators can be very powerful, iff we know exactly the scenarios that they can handle.*
|
||||
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ chapters:
|
||||
# - k8s/configuration.md
|
||||
#- - k8s/owners-and-dependents.md
|
||||
# - k8s/extending-api.md
|
||||
# - k8s/operators.md
|
||||
# - k8s/statefulsets.md
|
||||
# - k8s/portworx.md
|
||||
- - k8s/whatsnext.md
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ chapters:
|
||||
- k8s/configuration.md
|
||||
- - k8s/owners-and-dependents.md
|
||||
- k8s/extending-api.md
|
||||
- k8s/operators.md
|
||||
- k8s/statefulsets.md
|
||||
- k8s/portworx.md
|
||||
- k8s/staticpods.md
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ chapters:
|
||||
- k8s/configuration.md
|
||||
#- k8s/owners-and-dependents.md
|
||||
- k8s/extending-api.md
|
||||
- k8s/operators.md
|
||||
- - k8s/statefulsets.md
|
||||
- k8s/portworx.md
|
||||
- k8s/staticpods.md
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user