awesome-kubernetes/v2-docs/serverless.md

# Serverless Architectures and Frameworks

!!! info "Architectural Context"
    Detailed reference for Serverless Architectures and Frameworks in the context of The Container Stack.

## Standard Reference

  - [theregister.com: Microservices guru says think serverless, not Kubernetes: You don't want to manage 'a towering edifice of stuff'](https://www.theregister.com/software/2020/09/22/microservices-guru-says-think-serverless-not-kubernetes-you-dont-want-to-manage-a-towering-edifice-of-stuff/353334)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [serverlessguru.com: Enterprise Serverless Adoption 🌟](https://www.sls.guru/blog/enterprise-serverless-adoption)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [acloudguru.com: Containers vs serverless: Which is right for you?](https://www.pluralsight.com/resources/blog/cloud/containers-vs-serverless-which-is-right-for-you)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [dev.to: Price Comparison of Popular Serverless Architecture Providers](https://dev.to/d1020/price-comparison-of-popular-serverless-architecture-providers-2jk9)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [winderresearch.com: A Comparison of Serverless Frameworks for Kubernetes: OpenFaas, OpenWhisk, Fission, Kubeless and more](https://winder.ai/a-comparison-of-serverless-frameworks-for-kubernetes-openfaas-openwhisk-fission-kubeless-and-more)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [xenonstack.com: Serverless Architecture with OpenFaaS and Java](https://www.xenonstack.com/blog/serverless-open-faas-java)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [datacenterknowledge.com: Explaining Knative, the Project to Liberate Serverless from Cloud Giants](https://www.datacenterknowledge.com/servers/explaining-knative-the-project-to-liberate-serverless-from-cloud-giants)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [OpenShift Serverless](https://www.redhat.com/en/technologies/cloud-computing/openshift/serverless)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [openshift.com: Why and When you need to consider OpenShift Serverless](https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/why-and-when-you-need-to-consider-openshift-serverless)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [Building microservices? Give Dapr a try](https://www.infoworld.com/article/2261795/building-microservices-give-dapr-a-try.html)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [versusmind.eu: Dapr - a serverless runtime for distributed applications 🌟](https://versusmind.eu/dapr-a-serverless-runtime-for-distributed-applications)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [Docker for LLMs](https://www.docker.com/llm)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [Azure Functions Cost Considerations and Optimization](https://build5nines.com/azure-functions-cost-considerations-and-optimization)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [itnext.io: **arkade** by example — Kubernetes apps, the easy way 🌟](https://itnext.io/kubernetes-apps-the-easy-way-f06d9e5cad3c)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [martinfowler.com: Serverless Architectures](https://martinfowler.com/articles/serverless.html)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [developers.redhat.com: Serverless Architecture](https://developers.redhat.com/topics/serverless-architecture)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [itnext.io: Scaling My App: Serverless vs Kubernetes 🌟](https://itnext.io/scaling-my-app-serverless-vs-kubernetes-cdb8adf446e1)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [Is Serverless The End Of Kubernetes?](https://towardsdatascience.com/kubernetes-serverless-differences-84699f370609)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [freecodecamp.org: Serverless is cheaper, not simpler](https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/serverless-is-cheaper-not-simpler-a10c4fc30e49)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [medium: What a typical 100% Serverless Architecture looks like in AWS!](https://medium.com/serverless-transformation/what-a-typical-100-serverless-architecture-looks-like-in-aws-40f252cd0ecb)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [serverless.com: Why we switched from docker to serverless](https://www.serverless.com/blog/why-we-switched-from-docker-to-serverless)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [developers.redhat.com: Orchestrate event-driven, distributed services with' Serverless Workflow and Kubernetes](https://developers.redhat.com/blog/2020/11/26/event-driven-distributed-service-orchestration-with-serverless-workflow)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [dzone: Implementing Serverless Microservices Architecture on AWS](https://dzone.com/articles/implementing-serverless-microservices-architecture)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [docs.google.com: Serverless Guide to Success 2021](https://docs.google.com/document/u/0/d/1VEkUvTbqxfC1XyVGb2Z3DtEk9NA1M6PJpeCqEYRATLM/mobilebasic)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [vimal-dwarampudi.medium.com: Serverless Architecture design on major clouds](https://vimal-dwarampudi.medium.com/serverless-architecture-design-on-major-clouds-8c53c2aa62d2)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [dzone: When to Use Serverless, and When to Use Kubernetes 🌟](https://dzone.com/articles/when-to-use-serverless-when-to-use-kubernetes)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [itnext.io: Kubernetes Serverless simply visually explained 🌟](https://itnext.io/kubernetes-serverless-simply-visually-explained-ccf7be05a689)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [readysetcloud.io: Building Serverless Applications That Scale The Perfect' Amount 🌟](https://www.readysetcloud.io/blog/allen.helton/how-to-design-serverless-apps-that-scale-the-perfect-amount)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [jeromevdl.medium.com: When to use a Lambda function, and when not? 🌟](https://jeromevdl.medium.com/when-to-use-a-lambda-function-and-when-not-9a225e6dd2dd)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [c-sharpcorner.com: Why and When to use Azure Functions](https://www.c-sharpcorner.com/article/why-and-when-to-use-azure-functions)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [dzone: When to Use Logic Apps and Azure Functions](https://dzone.com/articles/when-to-use-logic-apps-and-azure-functions)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [serverlessland.com/event-driven-architecture: Introduction to Event Driven' Architecture 🌟](https://serverlessland.com/event-driven-architecture)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [medium.com/@marinradjenovic: Why do you still need to think of scalability' when architecting Serverless apps?](https://medium.com/@marinradjenovic/why-do-you-still-need-to-think-of-scalability-when-architecting-serverless-apps-a2e1f14e3eca)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [architectelevator.com: Concerned about Serverless Lock-in? Consider Patterns!](https://architectelevator.com/cloud/serverless-design-patterns)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [serverlessland.com: EDA VISUALS](https://serverlessland.com/event-driven-architecture/visuals)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [serverlessland.com: BATCH PROCESSING VS EVENT STREAMING](https://serverlessland.com/event-driven-architecture/visuals/batching-vs-event-streams)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [serverlessland.com: Splitter pattern](https://serverlessland.com/event-driven-architecture/visuals/splitter-pattern)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [dev.to: Serverless - Beyond the Basics | Kristi Perreault 🌟](https://dev.to/aws-heroes/serverless-beyond-the-basics-kom)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [theburningmonk.com: Why you should use ephemeral environments when you do' serverless](https://theburningmonk.com/2019/09/why-you-should-use-temporary-stacks-when-you-do-serverless)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [serverlesshorrors.com](https://serverlesshorrors.com)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [theburningmonk.com: Making Terraform and Serverless framework work together](https://theburningmonk.com/2019/03/making-terraform-and-serverless-framework-work-together)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [betterprogramming.pub: Going Serverless? Governance Is Everything](https://betterprogramming.pub/going-serverless-governance-is-everything-c70589c9cee9)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [fathomtech.io: Microservices vs. Serverless](https://fathomtech.io/blog/microservices-vs-serverless)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [cloudnowtech.com: Kubernetes vs Serverless – How do you choose? 🌟](https://www.cloudnowtech.com/blog/kubernetes-vs-serverless-how-do-you-choose)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [economictimes.indiatimes.com: Thoughtworks XConf Tech Talk Series: Serverless' vs. Kubernetes when deploying microservices](https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/thoughtworks-xconf-tech-talk-series-serverless-vs-kubernetes-when-deploying-microservices/articleshow/89085544.cms)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [oliverjumpertz.medium.com: Serverless vs. Kubernetes](https://oliverjumpertz.medium.com/serverless-vs-kubernetes-58b0b387dc98)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [thenewstack.io: Serverless vs. Kubernetes: The People’s Vote](https://thenewstack.io/serverless-vs-kubernetes-the-peoples-vote)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [dashbird.io: Serverless Case Study – Coca-Cola](https://dashbird.io/blog/serverless-case-study-coca-cola)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [thenewstack.io: How Daily.Dev Built a Low-Budget Serverless Scraping Pipeline' for Online Articles](https://thenewstack.io/how-daily-dev-built-a-low-budget-serverless-scraping-pipeline-for-online-articles)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [wikipedia: FaaS Function as a Service](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_as_a_service)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [redhat.com: What is Function-as-a-Service (FaaS)?](https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/cloud-native-apps/what-is-faas)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [stackify.com: What Is Function-as-a-Service? Serverless Architectures Are' Here!](https://stackify.com/function-as-a-service-serverless-architecture)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [dev.to: FaaS on Kubernetes: From AWS Lambda & API Gateway To Knative &' Kong API Gateway](https://dev.to/pmbanugo/faas-on-kubernetes-from-aws-lambda-api-gateway-to-knative-kong-api-gateway-4n84)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [fauna.com: How does FaaS compare to PaaS and CaaS. A Comparison of Serverless' Function (FaaS) Providers](https://fauna.com/blog/comparison-faas-providers)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [techbeacon.com: An essential guide to the 2019 serverless ecosystem](https://techbeacon.com/enterprise-it/essential-guide-2019-serverless-ecosystem)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [vshn.ch: A (Very!) Quick Comparison of Kubernetes Serverless Frameworks](https://www.vshn.ch/en/blog/a-very-quick-comparison-of-kubernetes-serverless-frameworks)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [serverless.com: Serverless Framework](https://www.serverless.com)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [epsagon.com: Serverless Open-Source Frameworks: **OpenFaaS**, **Knative**,' & More 🌟](https://epsagon.com/blog/serverless-open-source-frameworks-openfaas-knative-more)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [OpenFaaS](https://www.openfaas.com)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [itnext.io: Deploy your first Serverless Function to Kubernetes](https://itnext.io/deploy-your-first-serverless-function-to-kubernetes-232307f7b0a9)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [magalix.com: Implementing FaaS in Kubernetes Using Kubeless](https://www.magalix.com/blog/implementing-faas-in-kubernetes-using-kubeless)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [openfaas.com: Learn how to build functions faster using Rancher's kim and' K3s](https://www.openfaas.com/blog/kim)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [OpenFunction: Cloud Native Function-as-a-Service Platform (CNCF Sandbox' Project)](https://github.com/OpenFunction/OpenFunction) <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>⭐ 1656</span>  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [knative.dev](https://knative.dev)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [kn: knative client](https://github.com/knative/client) <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>⭐ 384</span>  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [redhat.com: What is knative?](https://www.redhat.com/en/topics/microservices/what-is-knative)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [developers.redhat.com: Build and deploy a serverless app with Camel K and' Red Hat OpenShift Serverless 1.5.0 Tech Preview](https://developers.redhat.com/blog/2020/04/24/build-and-deploy-a-serverless-app-with-camel-k-and-red-hat-openshift-serverless-1-5-0-tech-preview)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [redhat-scholars.github.io: Welcome to OpenShift Serverless Logic Tutorial](https://redhat-scholars.github.io/serverless-workflow/osl/index.html)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [kubeless.io](https://kubeless.io)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [medium.com: Serverless - Build a Serverless Simple Flask Application with' Kubeless on top of Kubernetes](https://medium.com/@peiruwang/serverless-build-a-serverless-simple-flask-application-with-kubeless-on-top-of-kubernetes-95c6682c3750)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [openwhisk.apache.org](https://openwhisk.apache.org)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [developers.redhat.com: Build and deploy microservices with Kubernetes and' Dapr](https://developers.redhat.com/articles/2021/08/12/build-and-deploy-microservices-kubernetes-and-dapr)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [dev.to: Running Dapr on Kubernetes](https://dev.to/cvitaa11/running-dapr-on-kubernetes-89g)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [github.com/diagrid-labs/dapr-workflow-demos](https://github.com/diagrid-labs/dapr-workflow-demos) <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>⭐ 62</span>  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [headleysj.medium.com: Building event-driven systems at scale in Kubernetes' with Dapr — Part II: How does Dapr work?](https://headleysj.medium.com/building-event-driven-systems-at-scale-in-kubernetes-with-dapr-part-2-how-does-dapr-work-732ba7a0d652)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [thenewstack.io: Build a Serverless API with AWS Gateway and Lambda](https://thenewstack.io/build-a-serverless-api-with-aws-gateway-and-lambda)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [TriggerMesh](https://www.triggermesh.com)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>
  - [thenewstack.io: TriggerMesh: Open Sourcing Event-Driven Applications](https://thenewstack.io/triggermesh-open-sourcing-event-driven-applications)  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span>

## Architecture

### Microservices

#### Distributed Application Runtime

  - [dapr.io](https://dapr.io) <span class='md-tag md-tag--critical'>[ADVANCED LEVEL]</span>  <span class='md-tag md-tag--success'>[DE FACTO STANDARD]</span> — Curator Insight presents Dapr as a portable, event-driven runtime that simplifies building resilient, distributed microservices. Live Grounding highlights its widespread enterprise adoption as a CNCF incubated project, offering sidecar APIs for state management, pub/sub, and service invocation across any cloud.
## Software Architecture

### Cloud Patterns

#### Serverless

  - [ServerlessHorrors: A Web Compiling Nightmares in the Serverless World](https://revistacloud.com/serverlesshorrors-la-web-que-recoge-las-peores-pesadillas-del-mundo-serverless) <span class='md-tag md-tag--warning'>[SPANISH CONTENT]</span>  <span class='md-tag md-tag--info'>[COMMUNITY-TOOL]</span> — Un compendio técnico sobre los errores más comunes y costosos en el diseño de arquitecturas serverless. Ofrece un análisis crítico de fallos reales de concurrencia, inicios en frío ("cold starts"), costos fuera de control e integración de servicios, sirviendo como guía de advertencia para diseñadores de sistemas distribuidos. [SPANISH CONTENT]

---
💡 **Explore Related:** [Kubernetes Bigdata](./kubernetes-bigdata.md) | [Kubernetes Operators Controllers](./kubernetes-operators-controllers.md) | [Openshift](./openshift.md)