Files
flagger/tutorials/istio-progressive-delivery.html
T
2020-08-20 06:16:09 +00:00

264 lines
39 KiB
HTML

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en-US">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
<title>Istio Canary Deployments | Flagger</title>
<meta name="description" content="Progressive Delivery operator for Kubernetes (Canary, A/B Testing and Blue/Green deployments)">
<link rel="icon" href="/favicon.png">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/website.css">
<meta name="keywords" content="gitops kubernetes flagger istio linkerd appmesh contour gloo nginx">
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image">
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Flagger">
<meta name="twitter:description" content="Progressive delivery Kubernetes operator (Canary, A/B Testing and Blue/Green deployments)">
<meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://flagger.app/flagger-overview.png">
<link rel="preload" href="/assets/css/0.styles.a0ada997.css" as="style"><link rel="preload" href="/assets/js/app.9b46ae46.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/assets/js/2.ba5bf77c.js" as="script"><link rel="preload" href="/assets/js/24.4f54d289.js" as="script"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/10.bf6f38d4.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/11.3af38cfe.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/12.eca4b89c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/13.9104349a.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/14.a4f3d810.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/15.aada2caa.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/16.3012a10b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/17.a98b6aa9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/18.e5188926.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/19.bb9498f7.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/20.2b1bebf5.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/21.e1068843.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/22.1c5d14b9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/23.b3dcc355.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/25.914acd1d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/26.b2d4f402.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/27.ea9f1f9c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/28.deae273d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/29.ce4011f4.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/3.8b254d5d.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/30.edda19d9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/31.fbfb336c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/32.591c3f2b.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/33.c456709f.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/34.5a071e36.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/35.fc27c09e.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/36.144098aa.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/4.26a3069c.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/5.0c32bdf9.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/6.ee5ffca3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/7.6bf27a87.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/8.8b72a8d3.js"><link rel="prefetch" href="/assets/js/9.7919fc1d.js">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/assets/css/0.styles.a0ada997.css">
</head>
<body>
<div id="app" data-server-rendered="true"><div class="theme-container"><header class="navbar"><div class="sidebar-button"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="icon"><path fill="currentColor" d="M436 124H12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12V80c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h424c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v32c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12zm0 160H12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-32c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h424c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v32c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12zm0 160H12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-32c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h424c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v32c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12z"></path></svg></div> <a href="/" class="home-link router-link-active"><!----> <span class="site-name">Flagger</span></a> <div class="links"><div class="search-box"><input aria-label="Search" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" value=""> <!----></div> <nav class="nav-links can-hide"><div class="nav-item"><a href="https://docs.flagger.app" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="nav-link external">
Docs
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a></div><div class="nav-item"><a href="https://github.com/weaveworks/flagger/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="nav-link external">
Changelog
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a></div> <a href="https://github.com/weaveworks/flagger" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="repo-link">
GitHub
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a></nav></div></header> <div class="sidebar-mask"></div> <aside class="sidebar"><nav class="nav-links"><div class="nav-item"><a href="https://docs.flagger.app" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="nav-link external">
Docs
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a></div><div class="nav-item"><a href="https://github.com/weaveworks/flagger/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="nav-link external">
Changelog
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a></div> <a href="https://github.com/weaveworks/flagger" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="repo-link">
GitHub
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg></a></nav> <ul class="sidebar-links"><li><a href="/" class="sidebar-link">Home</a></li><li><section class="sidebar-group depth-0"><a href="/intro/" class="sidebar-heading clickable"><span>Introduction</span> <!----></a> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/intro/" class="sidebar-link">Get Started</a></li><li><a href="/intro/faq.html" class="sidebar-link">FAQ</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group depth-0"><a href="/install/flagger-install-on-kubernetes" class="sidebar-heading clickable"><span>Install</span> <!----></a> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/install/flagger-install-on-kubernetes.html" class="sidebar-link">On Kubernetes</a></li><li><a href="/install/flagger-install-on-google-cloud.html" class="sidebar-link">On GKE Istio</a></li><li><a href="/install/flagger-install-on-eks-appmesh.html" class="sidebar-link">On EKS App Mesh</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group depth-0"><a href="/usage/how-it-works" class="sidebar-heading clickable"><span>Usage</span> <!----></a> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/usage/how-it-works.html" class="sidebar-link">How it works</a></li><li><a href="/usage/deployment-strategies.html" class="sidebar-link">Deployment Strategies</a></li><li><a href="/usage/metrics.html" class="sidebar-link">Metrics Analysis</a></li><li><a href="/usage/webhooks.html" class="sidebar-link">Webhooks</a></li><li><a href="/usage/alerting.html" class="sidebar-link">Alerting</a></li><li><a href="/usage/monitoring.html" class="sidebar-link">Monitoring</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group depth-0"><a href="/tutorials/istio-progressive-delivery" class="sidebar-heading clickable open active"><span>Tutorials</span> <!----></a> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/tutorials/istio-progressive-delivery.html" class="active sidebar-link">Istio Canaries</a><ul class="sidebar-sub-headers"><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/tutorials/istio-progressive-delivery.html#prerequisites" class="sidebar-link">Prerequisites</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/tutorials/istio-progressive-delivery.html#bootstrap" class="sidebar-link">Bootstrap</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/tutorials/istio-progressive-delivery.html#automated-canary-promotion" class="sidebar-link">Automated canary promotion</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/tutorials/istio-progressive-delivery.html#automated-rollback" class="sidebar-link">Automated rollback</a></li><li class="sidebar-sub-header"><a href="/tutorials/istio-progressive-delivery.html#traffic-mirroring" class="sidebar-link">Traffic mirroring</a></li></ul></li><li><a href="/tutorials/istio-ab-testing.html" class="sidebar-link">Istio A/B Testing</a></li><li><a href="/tutorials/linkerd-progressive-delivery.html" class="sidebar-link">Linkerd Canaries</a></li><li><a href="/tutorials/appmesh-progressive-delivery.html" class="sidebar-link">App Mesh Canaries</a></li><li><a href="/tutorials/nginx-progressive-delivery.html" class="sidebar-link">NGINX Ingress Canaries</a></li><li><a href="/tutorials/gloo-progressive-delivery.html" class="sidebar-link">Gloo Canaries</a></li><li><a href="/tutorials/contour-progressive-delivery.html" class="sidebar-link">Contour Canaries</a></li><li><a href="/tutorials/kubernetes-blue-green.html" class="sidebar-link">Kubernetes Blue/Green</a></li><li><a href="/tutorials/canary-helm-gitops.html" class="sidebar-link">Canaries with Helm charts and GitOps</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group depth-0"><a href="/dev/dev-guide" class="sidebar-heading clickable"><span>Dev</span> <!----></a> <ul class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/dev/dev-guide.html" class="sidebar-link">Development Guide</a></li><li><a href="/dev/release-guide.html" class="sidebar-link">Release Guide</a></li><li><a href="/dev/upgrade-guide.html" class="sidebar-link">Upgrade Guide</a></li></ul></section></li></ul> </aside> <main class="page"> <div class="theme-default-content content__default"><h1 id="istio-canary-deployments"><a href="#istio-canary-deployments" aria-hidden="true" class="header-anchor">#</a> Istio Canary Deployments</h1> <p>This guide shows you how to use Istio and Flagger to automate canary deployments.</p> <p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/weaveworks/flagger/master/docs/diagrams/flagger-canary-steps.png" alt="Flagger Canary Stages"></p> <h2 id="prerequisites"><a href="#prerequisites" aria-hidden="true" class="header-anchor">#</a> Prerequisites</h2> <p>Flagger requires a Kubernetes cluster <strong>v1.11</strong> or newer and Istio <strong>v1.0</strong> or newer.</p> <p>Install Istio with telemetry support and Prometheus:</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code>istioctl manifest apply --set <span class="token assign-left variable">profile</span><span class="token operator">=</span>default
</code></pre></div><p>Install Flagger using Kustomize (kubectl 1.14) in the <code>istio-system</code> namespace:</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code>kubectl apply -k github.com/weaveworks/flagger//kustomize/istio
</code></pre></div><p>Create an ingress gateway to expose the demo app outside of the mesh:</p> <div class="language-yaml extra-class"><pre class="language-yaml"><code><span class="token key atrule">apiVersion</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
<span class="token key atrule">kind</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> Gateway
<span class="token key atrule">metadata</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> public<span class="token punctuation">-</span>gateway
<span class="token key atrule">namespace</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> istio<span class="token punctuation">-</span>system
<span class="token key atrule">spec</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">selector</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">istio</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> ingressgateway
<span class="token key atrule">servers</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">port</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">number</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">80</span>
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> http
<span class="token key atrule">protocol</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> HTTP
<span class="token key atrule">hosts</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token string">&quot;*&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div><h2 id="bootstrap"><a href="#bootstrap" aria-hidden="true" class="header-anchor">#</a> Bootstrap</h2> <p>Flagger takes a Kubernetes deployment and optionally a horizontal pod autoscaler (HPA),
then creates a series of objects (Kubernetes deployments, ClusterIP services,
Istio destination rules and virtual services).
These objects expose the application inside the mesh and drive the canary analysis and promotion.</p> <p>Create a test namespace with Istio sidecar injection enabled:</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code>kubectl create ns <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span>
kubectl label namespace <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> istio-injection<span class="token operator">=</span>enabled
</code></pre></div><p>Create a deployment and a horizontal pod autoscaler:</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code>kubectl apply -k github.com/weaveworks/flagger//kustomize/podinfo
</code></pre></div><p>Deploy the load testing service to generate traffic during the canary analysis:</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code>kubectl apply -k github.com/weaveworks/flagger//kustomize/tester
</code></pre></div><p>Create a canary custom resource (replace example.com with your own domain):</p> <div class="language-yaml extra-class"><pre class="language-yaml"><code><span class="token key atrule">apiVersion</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> flagger.app/v1beta1
<span class="token key atrule">kind</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> Canary
<span class="token key atrule">metadata</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> podinfo
<span class="token key atrule">namespace</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> test
<span class="token key atrule">spec</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token comment"># deployment reference</span>
<span class="token key atrule">targetRef</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">apiVersion</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> apps/v1
<span class="token key atrule">kind</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> Deployment
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> podinfo
<span class="token comment"># the maximum time in seconds for the canary deployment</span>
<span class="token comment"># to make progress before it is rollback (default 600s)</span>
<span class="token key atrule">progressDeadlineSeconds</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">60</span>
<span class="token comment"># HPA reference (optional)</span>
<span class="token key atrule">autoscalerRef</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">apiVersion</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> autoscaling/v2beta1
<span class="token key atrule">kind</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> HorizontalPodAutoscaler
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> podinfo
<span class="token key atrule">service</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token comment"># service port number</span>
<span class="token key atrule">port</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">9898</span>
<span class="token comment"># container port number or name (optional)</span>
<span class="token key atrule">targetPort</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">9898</span>
<span class="token comment"># Istio gateways (optional)</span>
<span class="token key atrule">gateways</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> public<span class="token punctuation">-</span>gateway.istio<span class="token punctuation">-</span>system.svc.cluster.local
<span class="token comment"># Istio virtual service host names (optional)</span>
<span class="token key atrule">hosts</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> app.example.com
<span class="token comment"># Istio traffic policy (optional)</span>
<span class="token key atrule">trafficPolicy</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">tls</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token comment"># use ISTIO_MUTUAL when mTLS is enabled</span>
<span class="token key atrule">mode</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> DISABLE
<span class="token comment"># Istio retry policy (optional)</span>
<span class="token key atrule">retries</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">attempts</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">3</span>
<span class="token key atrule">perTryTimeout</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1s
<span class="token key atrule">retryOn</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;gateway-error,connect-failure,refused-stream&quot;</span>
<span class="token key atrule">analysis</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token comment"># schedule interval (default 60s)</span>
<span class="token key atrule">interval</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1m
<span class="token comment"># max number of failed metric checks before rollback</span>
<span class="token key atrule">threshold</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">5</span>
<span class="token comment"># max traffic percentage routed to canary</span>
<span class="token comment"># percentage (0-100)</span>
<span class="token key atrule">maxWeight</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">50</span>
<span class="token comment"># canary increment step</span>
<span class="token comment"># percentage (0-100)</span>
<span class="token key atrule">stepWeight</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span>
<span class="token key atrule">metrics</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> request<span class="token punctuation">-</span>success<span class="token punctuation">-</span>rate
<span class="token comment"># minimum req success rate (non 5xx responses)</span>
<span class="token comment"># percentage (0-100)</span>
<span class="token key atrule">thresholdRange</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">min</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">99</span>
<span class="token key atrule">interval</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1m
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> request<span class="token punctuation">-</span>duration
<span class="token comment"># maximum req duration P99</span>
<span class="token comment"># milliseconds</span>
<span class="token key atrule">thresholdRange</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">max</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">500</span>
<span class="token key atrule">interval</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 30s
<span class="token comment"># testing (optional)</span>
<span class="token key atrule">webhooks</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> acceptance<span class="token punctuation">-</span>test
<span class="token key atrule">type</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> pre<span class="token punctuation">-</span>rollout
<span class="token key atrule">url</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> http<span class="token punctuation">:</span>//flagger<span class="token punctuation">-</span>loadtester.test/
<span class="token key atrule">timeout</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 30s
<span class="token key atrule">metadata</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">type</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> bash
<span class="token key atrule">cmd</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;curl -sd 'test' http://podinfo-canary:9898/token | grep token&quot;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> load<span class="token punctuation">-</span>test
<span class="token key atrule">url</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> http<span class="token punctuation">:</span>//flagger<span class="token punctuation">-</span>loadtester.test/
<span class="token key atrule">timeout</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 5s
<span class="token key atrule">metadata</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">cmd</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;hey -z 1m -q 10 -c 2 http://podinfo-canary.test:9898/&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Save the above resource as podinfo-canary.yaml and then apply it:</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code>kubectl apply -f ./podinfo-canary.yaml
</code></pre></div><p>When the canary analysis starts, Flagger will call the pre-rollout webhooks before routing traffic to the canary.
The canary analysis will run for five minutes while validating the HTTP metrics and rollout hooks every minute.</p> <p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/weaveworks/flagger/master/docs/diagrams/flagger-canary-hpa.png" alt="Flagger Canary Process"></p> <p>After a couple of seconds Flagger will create the canary objects:</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token comment"># applied </span>
deployment.apps/podinfo
horizontalpodautoscaler.autoscaling/podinfo
canary.flagger.app/podinfo
<span class="token comment"># generated </span>
deployment.apps/podinfo-primary
horizontalpodautoscaler.autoscaling/podinfo-primary
service/podinfo
service/podinfo-canary
service/podinfo-primary
destinationrule.networking.istio.io/podinfo-canary
destinationrule.networking.istio.io/podinfo-primary
virtualservice.networking.istio.io/podinfo
</code></pre></div><h2 id="automated-canary-promotion"><a href="#automated-canary-promotion" aria-hidden="true" class="header-anchor">#</a> Automated canary promotion</h2> <p>Trigger a canary deployment by updating the container image:</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code>kubectl -n <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">set</span> image deployment/podinfo <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">podinfod</span><span class="token operator">=</span>stefanprodan/podinfo:3.1.1
</code></pre></div><p>Flagger detects that the deployment revision changed and starts a new rollout:</p> <div class="language-text extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>kubectl -n test describe canary/podinfo
Status:
Canary Weight: 0
Failed Checks: 0
Phase: Succeeded
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal Synced 3m flagger New revision detected podinfo.test
Normal Synced 3m flagger Scaling up podinfo.test
Warning Synced 3m flagger Waiting for podinfo.test rollout to finish: 0 of 1 updated replicas are available
Normal Synced 3m flagger Advance podinfo.test canary weight 5
Normal Synced 3m flagger Advance podinfo.test canary weight 10
Normal Synced 3m flagger Advance podinfo.test canary weight 15
Normal Synced 2m flagger Advance podinfo.test canary weight 20
Normal Synced 2m flagger Advance podinfo.test canary weight 25
Normal Synced 1m flagger Advance podinfo.test canary weight 30
Normal Synced 1m flagger Advance podinfo.test canary weight 35
Normal Synced 55s flagger Advance podinfo.test canary weight 40
Normal Synced 45s flagger Advance podinfo.test canary weight 45
Normal Synced 35s flagger Advance podinfo.test canary weight 50
Normal Synced 25s flagger Copying podinfo.test template spec to podinfo-primary.test
Warning Synced 15s flagger Waiting for podinfo-primary.test rollout to finish: 1 of 2 updated replicas are available
Normal Synced 5s flagger Promotion completed! Scaling down podinfo.test
</code></pre></div><p><strong>Note</strong> that if you apply new changes to the deployment during the canary analysis, Flagger will restart the analysis.</p> <p>A canary deployment is triggered by changes in any of the following objects:</p> <ul><li>Deployment PodSpec (container image, command, ports, env, resources, etc)</li> <li>ConfigMaps mounted as volumes or mapped to environment variables</li> <li>Secrets mounted as volumes or mapped to environment variables</li></ul> <p>You can monitor all canaries with:</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">watch</span> kubectl get canaries --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE NAME STATUS WEIGHT LASTTRANSITIONTIME
<span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> podinfo Progressing <span class="token number">15</span> <span class="token number">2019</span>-01-16T14:05:07Z
prod frontend Succeeded <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">2019</span>-01-15T16:15:07Z
prod backend Failed <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">2019</span>-01-14T17:05:07Z
</code></pre></div><h2 id="automated-rollback"><a href="#automated-rollback" aria-hidden="true" class="header-anchor">#</a> Automated rollback</h2> <p>During the canary analysis you can generate HTTP 500 errors and high latency to test if Flagger pauses the rollout.</p> <p>Trigger another canary deployment:</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code>kubectl -n <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">set</span> image deployment/podinfo <span class="token punctuation">\</span>
<span class="token assign-left variable">podinfod</span><span class="token operator">=</span>stefanprodan/podinfo:3.1.2
</code></pre></div><p>Exec into the load tester pod with:</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code>kubectl -n <span class="token builtin class-name">test</span> <span class="token builtin class-name">exec</span> -it flagger-loadtester-xx-xx <span class="token function">sh</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Generate HTTP 500 errors:</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">watch</span> <span class="token function">curl</span> http://podinfo-canary:9898/status/500
</code></pre></div><p>Generate latency:</p> <div class="language-bash extra-class"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">watch</span> <span class="token function">curl</span> http://podinfo-canary:9898/delay/1
</code></pre></div><p>When the number of failed checks reaches the canary analysis threshold, the traffic is routed back to the primary,
the canary is scaled to zero and the rollout is marked as failed.</p> <div class="language-text extra-class"><pre class="language-text"><code>kubectl -n test describe canary/podinfo
Status:
Canary Weight: 0
Failed Checks: 10
Phase: Failed
Events:
Type Reason Age From Message
---- ------ ---- ---- -------
Normal Synced 3m flagger Starting canary deployment for podinfo.test
Normal Synced 3m flagger Advance podinfo.test canary weight 5
Normal Synced 3m flagger Advance podinfo.test canary weight 10
Normal Synced 3m flagger Advance podinfo.test canary weight 15
Normal Synced 3m flagger Halt podinfo.test advancement success rate 69.17% &lt; 99%
Normal Synced 2m flagger Halt podinfo.test advancement success rate 61.39% &lt; 99%
Normal Synced 2m flagger Halt podinfo.test advancement success rate 55.06% &lt; 99%
Normal Synced 2m flagger Halt podinfo.test advancement success rate 47.00% &lt; 99%
Normal Synced 2m flagger (combined from similar events): Halt podinfo.test advancement success rate 38.08% &lt; 99%
Warning Synced 1m flagger Rolling back podinfo.test failed checks threshold reached 10
Warning Synced 1m flagger Canary failed! Scaling down podinfo.test
</code></pre></div><h2 id="traffic-mirroring"><a href="#traffic-mirroring" aria-hidden="true" class="header-anchor">#</a> Traffic mirroring</h2> <p><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/weaveworks/flagger/master/docs/diagrams/flagger-canary-traffic-mirroring.png" alt="Flagger Canary Traffic Shadowing"></p> <p>For applications that perform read operations, Flagger can be configured to drive canary releases with traffic mirroring.
Istio traffic mirroring will copy each incoming request, sending one request to the primary and one to the canary service.
The response from the primary is sent back to the user and the response from the canary is discarded.
Metrics are collected on both requests so that the deployment will only proceed if the canary metrics are within the threshold values.</p> <p>Note that mirroring should be used for requests that are <strong>idempotent</strong> or capable of being processed twice (once by the primary and once by the canary).</p> <p>You can enable mirroring by replacing <code>stepWeight/maxWeight</code> with <code>iterations</code> and by setting <code>analysis.mirror</code> to <code>true</code>:</p> <div class="language-yaml extra-class"><pre class="language-yaml"><code><span class="token key atrule">apiVersion</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> flagger.app/v1beta1
<span class="token key atrule">kind</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> Canary
<span class="token key atrule">metadata</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> podinfo
<span class="token key atrule">namespace</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> test
<span class="token key atrule">spec</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">analysis</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token comment"># schedule interval</span>
<span class="token key atrule">interval</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1m
<span class="token comment"># max number of failed metric checks before rollback</span>
<span class="token key atrule">threshold</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">5</span>
<span class="token comment"># total number of iterations</span>
<span class="token key atrule">iterations</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">10</span>
<span class="token comment"># enable traffic shadowing </span>
<span class="token key atrule">mirror</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token boolean important">true</span>
<span class="token key atrule">metrics</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> request<span class="token punctuation">-</span>success<span class="token punctuation">-</span>rate
<span class="token key atrule">thresholdRange</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">min</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">99</span>
<span class="token key atrule">interval</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1m
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> request<span class="token punctuation">-</span>duration
<span class="token key atrule">thresholdRange</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">max</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token number">500</span>
<span class="token key atrule">interval</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 1m
<span class="token key atrule">webhooks</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> acceptance<span class="token punctuation">-</span>test
<span class="token key atrule">type</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> pre<span class="token punctuation">-</span>rollout
<span class="token key atrule">url</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> http<span class="token punctuation">:</span>//flagger<span class="token punctuation">-</span>loadtester.test/
<span class="token key atrule">timeout</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 30s
<span class="token key atrule">metadata</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">type</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> bash
<span class="token key atrule">cmd</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;curl -sd 'test' http://podinfo-canary:9898/token | grep token&quot;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">-</span> <span class="token key atrule">name</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> load<span class="token punctuation">-</span>test
<span class="token key atrule">url</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> http<span class="token punctuation">:</span>//flagger<span class="token punctuation">-</span>loadtester.test/
<span class="token key atrule">timeout</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> 5s
<span class="token key atrule">metadata</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token key atrule">cmd</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">&quot;hey -z 1m -q 10 -c 2 http://podinfo.test:9898/&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>With the above configuration, Flagger will run a canary release with the following steps:</p> <ul><li>detect new revision (deployment spec, secrets or configmaps changes)</li> <li>scale from zero the canary deployment</li> <li>wait for the HPA to set the canary minimum replicas</li> <li>check canary pods health</li> <li>run the acceptance tests</li> <li>abort the canary release if tests fail</li> <li>start the load tests</li> <li>mirror traffic from primary to canary</li> <li>check request success rate and request duration every minute</li> <li>abort the canary release if the metrics check failure threshold is reached</li> <li>stop traffic mirroring after the number of iterations is reached</li> <li>route live traffic to the canary pods</li> <li>promote the canary (update the primary secrets, configmaps and deployment spec)</li> <li>wait for the primary deployment rollout to finish</li> <li>wait for the HPA to set the primary minimum replicas</li> <li>check primary pods health</li> <li>switch live traffic back to primary</li> <li>scale to zero the canary</li> <li>send notification with the canary analysis result</li></ul> <p>The above procedure can be extended with <a href="/usage/metrics.html">custom metrics</a> checks,
<a href="/usage/webhooks.html">webhooks</a>,
<a href="/usage/webhooks.html#manual-gating">manual promotion</a> approval and
<a href="/usage/alerting.html">Slack or MS Teams</a> notifications.</p></div> <footer class="page-edit"><!----> <!----></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
<a href="/usage/monitoring.html" class="prev">
Monitoring
</a></span> <span class="next"><a href="/tutorials/istio-ab-testing.html">
Istio A/B Testing
</a>
</span></p></div> </main></div><div class="global-ui"></div></div>
<script src="/assets/js/app.9b46ae46.js" defer></script><script src="/assets/js/2.ba5bf77c.js" defer></script><script src="/assets/js/24.4f54d289.js" defer></script>
</body>
</html>