# PostgreSQL

[PostgreSQL](https://www.postgresql.org/) is an object-relational database management system (ORDBMS) with an emphasis on extensibility and on standards-compliance.

## TL;DR;

```console
$ helm install stable/postgresql
```

## Introduction

This chart bootstraps a [PostgreSQL](https://github.com/bitnami/bitnami-docker-postgresql) deployment on a [Kubernetes](http://kubernetes.io) cluster using the [Helm](https://helm.sh) package manager.

Bitnami charts can be used with [Kubeapps](https://kubeapps.com/) for deployment and management of Helm Charts in clusters. This chart has been tested to work with NGINX Ingress, cert-manager, fluentd and Prometheus on top of the [BKPR](https://kubeprod.io/).

## Prerequisites

- Kubernetes 1.10+
- PV provisioner support in the underlying infrastructure

## Installing the Chart

To install the chart with the release name `my-release`:

```console
$ helm install --name my-release stable/postgresql
```

The command deploys PostgreSQL on the Kubernetes cluster in the default configuration. The [configuration](#configuration) section lists the parameters that can be configured during installation.

> **Tip**: List all releases using `helm list`

## Uninstalling the Chart

To uninstall/delete the `my-release` deployment:

```console
$ helm delete my-release
```

The command removes all the Kubernetes components associated with the chart and deletes the release.

## Configuration

The following tables lists the configurable parameters of the PostgreSQL chart and their default values.

| Parameter                                     | Description                                                                                                            | Default                                                     |
| --------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- |
| `global.imageRegistry`                        | Global Docker Image registry                                                                                           | `nil`                                                       |
| `image.registry`                              | PostgreSQL Image registry                                                                                              | `docker.io`                                                 |
| `image.repository`                            | PostgreSQL Image name                                                                                                  | `bitnami/postgresql`                                        |
| `image.tag`                                   | PostgreSQL Image tag                                                                                                   | `{VERSION}`                                                 |
| `image.pullPolicy`                            | PostgreSQL Image pull policy                                                                                           | `Always`                                                    |
| `image.pullSecrets`                           | Specify Image pull secrets                                                                                             | `nil` (does not add image pull secrets to deployed pods)    |
| `image.debug`                                 | Specify if debug values should be set                                                                                  | `false`                                                     |
| `volumePermissions.image.registry`            | Init container volume-permissions image registry                                                                       | `docker.io`                                                 |
| `volumePermissions.image.repository`          | Init container volume-permissions image name                                                                           | `bitnami/minideb`                                           |
| `volumePermissions.image.tag`                 | Init container volume-permissions image tag                                                                            | `latest`                                                    |
| `volumePermissions.image.pullPolicy`          | Init container volume-permissions image pull policy                                                                    | `Always`                                                    |
| `volumePermissions.securityContext.runAsUser` | User ID for the init container                                                                                         | `0`                                                         |
| `usePasswordFile`                             | Have the secrets mounted as a file instead of env vars                                                                 | `false`                                                     |
| `replication.enabled`                         | Would you like to enable replication                                                                                   | `false`                                                     |
| `replication.user`                            | Replication user                                                                                                       | `repl_user`                                                 |
| `replication.password`                        | Replication user password                                                                                              | `repl_password`                                             |
| `replication.slaveReplicas`                   | Number of slaves replicas                                                                                              | `1`                                                         |
| `replication.synchronousCommit`               | Set synchronous commit mode. Allowed values: `on`, `remote_apply`, `remote_write`, `local` and `off`                   | `off`                                                       |
| `replication.numSynchronousReplicas`          | Number of replicas that will have synchronous replication. Note: Cannot be greater than `replication.slaveReplicas`.   | `0`                                                         |
| `replication.applicationName`                 | Cluster application name. Useful for advanced replication settings                                                     | `my_application`                                            |
| `existingSecret`                              | Name of existing secret to use for PostgreSQL passwords                                                                | `nil`                                                       |
| `postgresqlUsername`                          | PostgreSQL admin user                                                                                                  | `postgres`                                                  |
| `postgresqlPassword`                          | PostgreSQL admin password                                                                                              | _random 10 character alphanumeric string_                   |
| `postgresqlDatabase`                          | PostgreSQL database                                                                                                    | `nil`                                                       |
| `postgresqlDataDir`                           | PostgreSQL data dir folder                                                                                             | `/bitnami/postgresql` (same value as persistence.mountPath) |
| `postgresqlInitdbArgs`                        | PostgreSQL initdb extra arguments                                                                                      | `nil`                                                       |
| `postgresqlInitdbWalDir`                      | PostgreSQL location for transaction log                                                                                | `nil`                                                       |
| `postgresqlConfiguration`                     | Runtime Config Parameters                                                                                              | `nil`                                                       |
| `postgresqlExtendedConf`                      | Extended Runtime Config Parameters (appended to main or default configuration)                                         | `nil`                                                       |
| `pgHbaConfiguration`                          | Content of pg\_hba.conf                                                                                                | `nil (do not create pg_hba.conf)`                           |
| `configurationConfigMap`                      | ConfigMap with the PostgreSQL configuration files (Note: Overrides `postgresqlConfiguration` and `pgHbaConfiguration`) | `nil`                                                       |
| `extendedConfConfigMap`                       | ConfigMap with the extended PostgreSQL configuration files                                                             | `nil`                                                       |
| `initdbScripts`                               | List of initdb scripts                                                                                                 | `nil`                                                       |
| `initdbScriptsConfigMap`                      | ConfigMap with the initdb scripts (Note: Overrides `initdbScripts`)                                                    | `nil`                                                       |
| `initdbScriptsSecret`                      | Secret with initdb scripts that contain sensitive information (Note: can be used with `initdbScriptsConfigMap` or `initdbScripts`)                                                    | `nil`                                                       |
| `service.type`                                | Kubernetes Service type                                                                                                | `ClusterIP`                                                 |
| `service.port`                                | PostgreSQL port                                                                                                        | `5432`                                                      |
| `service.nodePort`                            | Kubernetes Service nodePort                                                                                            | `nil`                                                       |
| `service.annotations`                         | Annotations for PostgreSQL service                                                                                     | {}                                                          |
| `service.loadBalancerIP`                      | loadBalancerIP if service type is `LoadBalancer`                                                                       | `nil`                                                       |
| `persistence.enabled`                         | Enable persistence using PVC                                                                                           | `true`                                                      |
| `persistence.existingClaim`                   | Provide an existing `PersistentVolumeClaim`                                                                            | `nil`                                                       |
| `persistence.mountPath`                       | Path to mount the volume at                                                                                            | `/bitnami/postgresql`                                       |
| `persistence.storageClass`                    | PVC Storage Class for PostgreSQL volume                                                                                | `nil`                                                       |
| `persistence.accessMode`                      | PVC Access Mode for PostgreSQL volume                                                                                  | `ReadWriteOnce`                                             |
| `persistence.size`                            | PVC Storage Request for PostgreSQL volume                                                                              | `8Gi`                                                       |
| `persistence.annotations`                     | Annotations for the PVC                                                                                                | `{}`                                                        |
| `master.nodeSelector`                         | Node labels for pod assignment (postgresql master)                                                                     | `{}`                                                        |
| `master.affinity`                             | Affinity labels for pod assignment (postgresql master)                                                                 | `{}`                                                        |
| `master.tolerations`                          | Toleration labels for pod assignment (postgresql master)                                                               | `[]`                                                        |
| `master.podAnnotations`                       | Map of annotations to add to the pods (postgresql master)                                                              | `{}`                                                        |
| `master.podLabels`                            | Map of labels to add to the pods (postgresql master)                                                                   | `{}`                                                        |
| `slave.nodeSelector`                          | Node labels for pod assignment (postgresql slave)                                                                      | `{}`                                                        |
| `slave.affinity`                              | Affinity labels for pod assignment (postgresql slave)                                                                  | `{}`                                                        |
| `slave.tolerations`                           | Toleration labels for pod assignment (postgresql slave)                                                                | `[]`                                                        |
| `slave.podAnnotations`                        | Map of annotations to add to the pods (postgresql slave)                                                               | `{}`                                                        |
| `slave.podLabels`                             | Map of labels to add to the pods (postgresql slave)                                                                    | `{}`                                                        |
| `terminationGracePeriodSeconds`               | Seconds the pod needs to terminate gracefully                                                                          | `nil`                                                       |
| `resources`                                   | CPU/Memory resource requests/limits                                                                                    | Memory: `256Mi`, CPU: `250m`                                |
| `securityContext.enabled`                     | Enable security context                                                                                                | `true`                                                      |
| `securityContext.fsGroup`                     | Group ID for the container                                                                                             | `1001`                                                      |
| `securityContext.runAsUser`                   | User ID for the container                                                                                              | `1001`                                                      |
| `livenessProbe.enabled`                       | Would you like a livessProbed to be enabled                                                                            | `true`                                                      |
| `networkPolicy.enabled`                       | Enable NetworkPolicy                                                                                                   | `false`                                                     |
| `networkPolicy.allowExternal`                 | Don't require client label for connections                                                                             | `true`                                                      |
| `livenessProbe.initialDelaySeconds`           | Delay before liveness probe is initiated                                                                               | 30                                                          |
| `livenessProbe.periodSeconds`                 | How often to perform the probe                                                                                         | 10                                                          |
| `livenessProbe.timeoutSeconds`                | When the probe times out                                                                                               | 5                                                           |
| `livenessProbe.failureThreshold`              | Minimum consecutive failures for the probe to be considered failed after having succeeded.                             | 6                                                           |
| `livenessProbe.successThreshold`              | Minimum consecutive successes for the probe to be considered successful after having failed                            | 1                                                           |
| `readinessProbe.enabled`                      | would you like a readinessProbe to be enabled                                                                          | `true`                                                      |
| `readinessProbe.initialDelaySeconds`          | Delay before liveness probe is initiated                                                                               | 5                                                           |
| `readinessProbe.periodSeconds`                | How often to perform the probe                                                                                         | 10                                                          |
| `readinessProbe.timeoutSeconds`               | When the probe times out                                                                                               | 5                                                           |
| `readinessProbe.failureThreshold`             | Minimum consecutive failures for the probe to be considered failed after having succeeded.                             | 6                                                           |
| `readinessProbe.successThreshold`             | Minimum consecutive successes for the probe to be considered successful after having failed                            | 1                                                           |
| `metrics.enabled`                             | Start a prometheus exporter                                                                                            | `false`                                                     |
| `metrics.service.type`                        | Kubernetes Service type                                                                                                | `ClusterIP`                                                 |
| `service.clusterIP`                           | Static clusterIP or None for headless services                                                                         | `nil`                                                       |
| `metrics.service.annotations`                 | Additional annotations for metrics exporter pod                                                                        | `{}`                                                        |
| `metrics.service.loadBalancerIP`              | loadBalancerIP if redis metrics service type is `LoadBalancer`                                                         | `nil`                                                       |
| `metrics.image.registry`                      | PostgreSQL Image registry                                                                                              | `docker.io`                                                 |
| `metrics.image.repository`                    | PostgreSQL Image name                                                                                                  | `wrouesnel/postgres_exporter`                               |
| `metrics.image.tag`                           | PostgreSQL Image tag                                                                                                   | `v0.4.7`                                                    |
| `metrics.image.pullPolicy`                    | PostgreSQL Image pull policy                                                                                           | `IfNotPresent`                                              |
| `metrics.image.pullSecrets`                   | Specify Image pull secrets                                                                                             | `nil` (does not add image pull secrets to deployed pods)    |
| `extraEnv`                                    | Any extra environment variables you would like to pass on to the pod                                                   | `{}`                                                        |
| `updateStrategy`                              | Update strategy policy                                                                                                 | `{type: "onDelete"}`                                        |

Specify each parameter using the `--set key=value[,key=value]` argument to `helm install`. For example,

```console
$ helm install --name my-release \
  --set postgresqlPassword=secretpassword,postgresqlDatabase=my-database \
    stable/postgresql
```

The above command sets the PostgreSQL `postgres` account password to `secretpassword`. Additionally it creates a database named `my-database`.

Alternatively, a YAML file that specifies the values for the parameters can be provided while installing the chart. For example,

```console
$ helm install --name my-release -f values.yaml stable/postgresql
```

> **Tip**: You can use the default [values.yaml](values.yaml)

### postgresql.conf / pg_hba.conf files as configMap

This helm chart also supports to customize the whole configuration file.

Add your custom file to "files/postgresql.conf" in your working directory. This file will be mounted as configMap to the containers and it will be used for configuring the PostgreSQL server.

Alternatively, you can specify PostgreSQL configuration parameters using the `postgresqlConfiguration` parameter as a dict, using camelCase, e.g. {"sharedBuffers": "500MB"}.

In addition to these options, you can also set an external ConfigMap with all the configuration files. This is done by setting the `configurationConfigMap` parameter. Note that this will override the two previous options.

### Allow settings to be loaded from files other than the default `postgresql.conf`

If you don't want to provide the whole PostgreSQL configuration file and only specify certain parameters, you can add your extended `.conf` files to "files/conf.d/" in your working directory.
Those files will be mounted as configMap to the containers adding/overwriting the default configuration using the `include_dir` directive that allows settings to be loaded from files other than the default `postgresql.conf`.

Alternatively, you can also set an external ConfigMap with all the extra configuration files. This is done by setting the `extendedConfConfigMap` parameter. Note that this will override the previous option.

## Initialize a fresh instance

The [Bitnami PostgreSQL](https://github.com/bitnami/bitnami-docker-postgresql) image allows you to use your custom scripts to initialize a fresh instance. In order to execute the scripts, they must be located inside the chart folder `files/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d` so they can be consumed as a ConfigMap.

Alternatively, you can specify custom scripts using the `initdbScripts` parameter as dict.

In addition to these options, you can also set an external ConfigMap with all the initialization scripts. This is done by setting the `initdbScriptsConfigMap` parameter. Note that this will override the two previous options. If your initialization scripts contain sensitive information such as credentials or passwords, you can use the `initdbScriptsSecret` parameter.

The allowed extensions are `.sh`, `.sql` and `.sql.gz`.

## Production and horizontal scaling

The following repo contains the recommended production settings for PostgreSQL server in an alternative [values file](values-production.yaml). Please read carefully the comments in the values-production.yaml file to set up your environment

To horizontally scale this chart, first download the [values-production.yaml](values-production.yaml) file to your local folder, then:

```console
$ helm install --name my-release -f ./values-production.yaml stable/postgresql
$ kubectl scale statefulset my-postgresql-slave --replicas=3
```

## Persistence

The [Bitnami PostgreSQL](https://github.com/bitnami/bitnami-docker-postgresql) image stores the PostgreSQL data and configurations at the `/bitnami/postgresql` path of the container.

Persistent Volume Claims are used to keep the data across deployments. This is known to work in GCE, AWS, and minikube.
See the [Configuration](#configuration) section to configure the PVC or to disable persistence.

## Metrics

The chart optionally can start a metrics exporter for [prometheus](https://prometheus.io). The metrics endpoint (port 9187) is not exposed and it is expected that the metrics are collected from inside the k8s cluster using something similar as the described in the [example Prometheus scrape configuration](https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/blob/master/documentation/examples/prometheus-kubernetes.yml).

The exporter allows to create custom metrics from additional SQL queries. See the Chart's `values.yaml` for an example and consult the [exporters documentation](https://github.com/wrouesnel/postgres_exporter#adding-new-metrics-via-a-config-file) for more details.

## NetworkPolicy

To enable network policy for PostgreSQL, install [a networking plugin that implements the Kubernetes NetworkPolicy spec](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/declare-network-policy#before-you-begin), and set `networkPolicy.enabled` to `true`.

For Kubernetes v1.5 & v1.6, you must also turn on NetworkPolicy by setting the DefaultDeny namespace annotation. Note: this will enforce policy for _all_ pods in the namespace:

```console
$ kubectl annotate namespace default "net.beta.kubernetes.io/network-policy={\"ingress\":{\"isolation\":\"DefaultDeny\"}}"
```

With NetworkPolicy enabled, traffic will be limited to just port 5432.

For more precise policy, set `networkPolicy.allowExternal=false`. This will only allow pods with the generated client label to connect to PostgreSQL.
This label will be displayed in the output of a successful install.

## Deploy chart using Docker Official PostgreSQL Image

From chart version 4.0.0, it is possible to use this chart with the Docker Official PostgreSQL image.
Besides specifying the new Docker repository and tag, it is important to modify the PostgreSQL data directory and volume mount point. Basically, the PostgreSQL data dir cannot be the mount point directly, it has to be a subdirectory.

```
helm install --name postgres \
             --set image.repository=postgres \
             --set image.tag=10.6 \
             --set postgresqlDataDir=/data/pgdata \
             --set persistence.mountPath=/data/ \
             stable/postgresql
```

## Differences between Bitnami PostgreSQL image and [Docker Official](https://hub.docker.com/_/postgres) image

- The Docker Official PostgreSQL image does not support replication. If you pass any replication environment variable, this would be ignored. The only environment variables supported by the Docker Official image are POSTGRES_USER, POSTGRES_DB, POSTGRES_PASSWORD, POSTGRES_INITDB_ARGS, POSTGRES_INITDB_WALDIR and PGDATA. All the remaining environment variables are specific to the Bitnami PostgreSQL image.
- The Bitnami PostgreSQL image is non-root by default. This requires that you run the pod with `securityContext` and updates the permissions of the volume with an `initContainer`. A key benefit of this configuration is that the pod follows security best practices and is prepared to run on Kubernetes distributions with hard security constraints like OpenShift.

## Upgrade

### 3.0.0

This releases make it possible to specify different nodeSelector, affinity and tolerations for master and slave pods.
It also fixes an issue with `postgresql.master.fullname` helper template not obeying fullnameOverride.

#### Breaking changes

- `affinty` has been renamed to `master.affinity` and `slave.affinity`.
- `tolerations` has been renamed to `master.tolerations` and `slave.tolerations`.
- `nodeSelector` has been renamed to `master.nodeSelector` and `slave.nodeSelector`.

### 2.0.0

In order to upgrade from the `0.X.X` branch to `1.X.X`, you should follow the below steps:

 - Obtain the service name (`SERVICE_NAME`) and password (`OLD_PASSWORD`) of the existing postgresql chart. You can find the instructions to obtain the password in the NOTES.txt, the service name can be obtained by running

 ```console
$ kubectl get svc
 ```

- Install (not upgrade) the new version

```console
$ helm repo update
$ helm install --name my-release stable/postgresql
```

- Connect to the new pod (you can obtain the name by running `kubectl get pods`):

```console
$ kubectl exec -it NAME bash
```

- Once logged in, create a dump file from the previous database using `pg_dump`, for that we should connect to the previous postgresql chart:

```console
$ pg_dump -h SERVICE_NAME -U postgres DATABASE_NAME > /tmp/backup.sql
```

After run above command you should be prompted for a password, this password is the previous chart password (`OLD_PASSWORD`).
This operation could take some time depending on the database size.

- Once you have the backup file, you can restore it with a command like the one below:

```console
$ psql -U postgres DATABASE_NAME < /tmp/backup.sql
```

In this case, you are accessing to the local postgresql, so the password should be the new one (you can find it in NOTES.txt).

If you want to restore the database and the database schema does not exist, it is necessary to first follow the steps described below.

```console
$ psql -U postgres
postgres=# drop database DATABASE_NAME;
postgres=# create database DATABASE_NAME;
postgres=# create user USER_NAME;
postgres=# alter role USER_NAME with password 'BITNAMI_USER_PASSWORD';
postgres=# grant all privileges on database DATABASE_NAME to USER_NAME;
postgres=# alter database DATABASE_NAME owner to USER_NAME;
```
