feat(service): pre-flight :443 reachability check with UI surfacing

Speakers connect to Bose hostnames over implicit HTTPS (:443) while
AfterTouch's listener defaults to :8443. Without iptables / setcap /
reverse-proxy in front, the speaker side sees Curl 7 / connection
refused and AfterTouch's HTTP log stays silent — a recurring source
of confusion (see #214, #269).

Add a server-side probe (Check443Reachability) that dials both
localhost:443 and the DNS-resolved LAN IP on :443. Run it once at
service startup with a 2s timeout and emit a [WARN] log with the
exact iptables/setcap commands keyed to the configured listener port.
Expose the result via GET /setup/settings (with a shorter inline
timeout) so the web UI renders a ✅/❌ line next to Target Domain
and a complementary browser-side fetch probe — the browser sits on
the LAN exactly where speakers do, and timing-to-error distinguishes
TCP refused from TLS handshake started even with an untrusted CA.

Both the startup WARN and the UI row are gated on dns_enabled,
since :443 only matters for the DNS migration path; SDK-override
migration uses the port from the configured URL.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

cmd/soundtouch-service/main.go

@@ -484,6 +484,8 @@ func main() {
 				}
 
 				startHTTPSServer(config.httpsAddr, r, tlsConfig, config.httpsServerURL)
+
+				runHTTPSPreflight(config.httpsServerURL, config.serverURL, config.dnsEnabled, server.ResolveServerURLIPForPreflight)
 			}()
 
 			return http.ListenAndServe(config.addr, r)
@@ -1184,6 +1186,45 @@ func startHTTPSServer(httpsAddr string, r http.Handler, tlsConfig *tls.Config, h
 	}()
 }
 
+// runHTTPSPreflight checks whether speakers' implicit :443 target reaches
+// AfterTouch. Runs after the HTTPS listener has had a moment to come up; if
+// the listener is already on :443 the check is skipped. Emits a single WARN
+// log line with actionable guidance when either probe fails.
+//
+// Only runs when dnsEnabled is true: the :443 reachability only matters when
+// speakers are reaching AfterTouch via intercepted Bose hostnames (i.e. the
+// DNS migration method). For direct SDK-override migration the speaker
+// connects to the configured https-port directly, so :443 is irrelevant.
+// Users with external DNS interception (Pi-hole, router rules) can still see
+// the live result on /setup/settings even when this startup warn is silent.
+func runHTTPSPreflight(httpsServerURL, serverURL string, dnsEnabled bool, resolver func(string) (string, error)) {
+	if !dnsEnabled {
+		return
+	}
+
+	port := handlers.PortFromHTTPSServerURL(httpsServerURL)
+	if port == 0 {
+		// Can't determine the listener port — be silent rather than misleading.
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Give the listener a head start so a successful bind beats the probe.
+	time.Sleep(2 * time.Second)
+
+	res := handlers.Check443Reachability(port, serverURL, resolver, handlers.ProbeDialTimeoutStartup)
+
+	guidance := handlers.FormatPreflightGuidance(port, res)
+	if guidance == "" {
+		if !res.Skipped {
+			log.Printf("HTTPS pre-flight: :443 reachable at localhost and %s ✓", res.LANHost)
+		}
+
+		return
+	}
+
+	log.Print(guidance)
+}
+
 // matchesDomain checks if a certificate domain (which may be a wildcard) matches a server name
 func matchesDomain(certDomain, serverName string) bool {
 	if certDomain == serverName {

docs/guides/HTTPS-SETUP.md

@@ -2,6 +2,14 @@
 
 SoundTouch speakers communicate with cloud services over HTTPS. For the local service to work over HTTPS, speakers must trust the AfterTouch Root CA. The service manages this automatically — it generates a CA on first start and the web UI guides you through installing it on each speaker as part of the migration flow.
 
+> ### ⚠️ Speakers connect to `:443`, AfterTouch defaults to `:8443`
+>
+> Speakers build their target URLs from Bose hostnames *without* an explicit port, so they connect on the default HTTPS port **443**. AfterTouch's built-in HTTPS listener defaults to **8443** because port 443 is privileged on most Unix systems.
+>
+> **If you do nothing, speakers will fail with `Curl 7` / connection refused and nothing will appear in the AfterTouch HTTP log.**
+>
+> Pick one of the three options under [Binding to port 443](#binding-to-port-443) below. The settings page in the web UI shows a ✅ / ❌ indicator for `:443` reachability so you can confirm the routing is in place.
+
 ---
 
 ## How TLS works in AfterTouch
@@ -41,9 +49,40 @@ http://<server>:8000/setup/ca.crt
 
 Speakers expect HTTPS on the default port 443. Since binding to port 443 requires elevated privileges, you have three options:
 
-1. **Port forwarding (recommended)**: Run the service on port 8443 and forward port 443 to it using `iptables` or your firewall/router.
+1. **Port forwarding (recommended)**: Run the service on port 8443 and forward port 443 to it using `iptables` or your firewall/router. Inside an LXC/Docker container or on the host:
-2. **Capabilities**: Grant the binary permission to bind low ports: `sudo setcap 'cap_net_bind_service=+ep' ./soundtouch-service`
+
-3. **Reverse proxy**: Use Nginx or Caddy in front of the service (see below).
+    ```bash
+    iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 443 -j REDIRECT --to-port 8443
+    iptables -t nat -A OUTPUT     -p tcp --dport 443 -j REDIRECT --to-port 8443
+    ```
+
+    The first rule covers traffic arriving from speakers; the second covers loopback connections from the host itself (useful for the in-built pre-flight probe).
+
+2. **Capabilities**: Grant the binary permission to bind low ports and start the listener directly on `:443`:
+
+    ```bash
+    sudo setcap 'cap_net_bind_service=+ep' ./soundtouch-service
+    ./soundtouch-service --https-port=443
+    ```
+
+3. **Reverse proxy**: Use Nginx or Caddy on `:443` in front of the service (see below).
+
+### Confirming `:443` is reachable
+
+After applying any of the options above, open the AfterTouch web UI → **Settings**. The Target Domain row will show a second line:
+
+* ✅ `:443 reachable on localhost and <IP> (forwarded to :8443)` — you're good.
+* ❌ `Speakers connect to :443 but AfterTouch listens on :8443.` — the routing is missing or not yet active.
+
+A third line follows from the browser itself, which sits on the LAN exactly where the speakers do. The browser can't distinguish an untrusted-CA TLS error from a connection refusal, so it uses timing as a heuristic: a fast error means "no listener / firewall reset", a slower one means "something answered TCP". When the server-side and browser-side checks disagree, the UI flags it — that almost always means NAT, split-horizon DNS, or a host firewall sitting between AfterTouch and the LAN.
+
+The same check runs once at service startup and prints a `[WARN]` log line if `:443` is unreachable, with the exact iptables/setcap commands for your current listener port.
+
+#### When this check is shown
+
+The `:443` indicator is only displayed when **AfterTouch's DNS interception is enabled** (Settings → "Enable DNS Discovery Server"). The check is only meaningful for the **DNS migration method**, where speakers reach AfterTouch via intercepted Bose hostnames and therefore on the implicit `:443`. The other migration method — writing direct `https://<host>:8443/...` URLs into the speaker's private config via SSH — uses the port that's literally in the URL, so `:443` is irrelevant and the check would only add noise.
+
+If you intercept Bose hostnames **outside** AfterTouch (Pi-hole, router DNS rule, `/etc/hosts` on a gateway), the UI gate above will hide the indicator. The data is still in the `GET /setup/settings` JSON response (`https_443_localhost_reachable`, `https_443_lan_reachable`, `https_443_lan_host`) if you want to inspect it directly, or you can briefly enable AfterTouch's DNS server to see the indicator render.
 
 ---
 

docs/guides/TROUBLESHOOTING.md

@@ -105,6 +105,31 @@ iperf3 -c 192.168.1.1  # If iperf server available
 
 ## 🌐 **Connection Issues**
 
+### ❌ Speaker logs `Curl 7, http 0` and AfterTouch sees no HTTP requests
+
+**Symptoms:**
+
+In the speaker's log (`logread -f` over SSH):
+
+```
+SimpleURLFetcher: retry needed, Curl 7, http 0
+```
+
+In the AfterTouch service log: plenty of `[DNS] Intercepted query …` lines but **zero** HTTP requests after each DNS lookup.
+
+**Cause:** speakers connect to Bose hostnames over implicit HTTPS, i.e. port **443**. AfterTouch's built-in HTTPS listener defaults to **8443** because 443 is privileged. The speaker resolves the right IP, dials `:443`, and gets connection refused — which is what `Curl 7` reports.
+
+**Verify:**
+
+```bash
+curl -ksS -o /dev/null -w "443=%{http_code}\n"  https://localhost:443/
+curl -ksS -o /dev/null -w "8443=%{http_code}\n" https://localhost:8443/
+```
+
+Expected when the misconfiguration is present: `443=000` plus a `curl: (7) Failed to connect …` line, `8443=200` (or any 3-digit code).
+
+**Fix:** route `:443` to AfterTouch's HTTPS listener — see [HTTPS-SETUP.md → Binding to port 443](HTTPS-SETUP.md#binding-to-port-443). The AfterTouch settings page shows a ✅ / ❌ indicator for `:443` reachability once the routing is in place.
+
 ### ❌ "Connection refused"
 
 **Symptoms:**

pkg/service/handlers/handlers_setup.go

@@ -180,6 +180,9 @@ func (s *Server) HandleGetSettings(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
 		serverURLResolveError = err.Error()
 	}
 
+	httpsListenerPort := PortFromHTTPSServerURL(httpsServerURL)
+	probe443 := Check443Reachability(httpsListenerPort, serverURL, s.resolveServerURLIP, ProbeDialTimeoutInline)
+
 	// Mask secrets: return "***" if set so the UI can show "configured" without exposing the value.
 	if spotifyClientSecret != "" {
 		spotifyClientSecret = "***"
@@ -190,10 +193,17 @@ func (s *Server) HandleGetSettings(w http.ResponseWriter, _ *http.Request) {
 	}
 
 	if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]interface{}{
-		"server_url":               serverURL,
+		"server_url":                    serverURL,
-		"server_url_resolved_ip":   serverURLResolvedIP,
+		"server_url_resolved_ip":        serverURLResolvedIP,
-		"server_url_resolve_error": serverURLResolveError,
+		"server_url_resolve_error":      serverURLResolveError,
-		"https_server_url":         httpsServerURL,
+		"https_server_url":              httpsServerURL,
+		"https_listener_port":           httpsListenerPort,
+		"https_443_check_skipped":       probe443.Skipped,
+		"https_443_localhost_reachable": probe443.Localhost.Reachable,
+		"https_443_localhost_error":     probe443.Localhost.Error,
+		"https_443_lan_reachable":       probe443.LAN.Reachable,
+		"https_443_lan_error":           probe443.LAN.Error,
+		"https_443_lan_host":            probe443.LANHost,
 		"discovery_interval":       discoveryInterval,
 		"discovery_enabled":        discoveryEnabled,
 		"dns_enabled":              dnsEnabled,

pkg/service/handlers/preflight.go

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/url"
+	"strconv"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Probe443Result captures the outcome of probing a host on :443.
+// Skipped is true when the running HTTPS listener is already on :443
+// (in which case the listener itself is the proof of reachability).
+type Probe443Result struct {
+	Skipped   bool
+	Localhost ProbeOutcome
+	LAN       ProbeOutcome
+	LANHost   string
+}
+
+// ProbeOutcome describes a single TCP-connect probe. Exactly one of
+// Reachable/Error is meaningful: Reachable=true means the dial succeeded,
+// otherwise Error holds the dial error string.
+type ProbeOutcome struct {
+	Reachable bool
+	Error     string
+}
+
+// ProbeDialTimeoutStartup is the per-attempt TCP dial timeout used by the
+// startup preflight, where we can afford to wait a beat for a slow LAN.
+const ProbeDialTimeoutStartup = 2 * time.Second
+
+// ProbeDialTimeoutInline is the per-attempt TCP dial timeout used by the
+// settings HTTP handler, where a user is blocking on the response.
+const ProbeDialTimeoutInline = 500 * time.Millisecond
+
+// ProbeTCP attempts a TCP connection to host:port within timeout. It returns
+// nil on success; an error otherwise. The connection is closed immediately —
+// we only care whether *something* would answer where a speaker knocks.
+func ProbeTCP(host string, port int, timeout time.Duration) error {
+	addr := net.JoinHostPort(host, strconv.Itoa(port))
+
+	conn, err := net.DialTimeout("tcp", addr, timeout)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	_ = conn.Close()
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Check443Reachability probes both localhost:443 and the LAN-facing IP that
+// DNS would hand out for serverURL on :443. It is intended to surface the
+// most common AfterTouch misconfiguration: HTTPS listener on :8443 with no
+// routing in place from :443 (speakers connect to implicit :443 and see
+// Curl 7 / connection refused with nothing reaching AfterTouch).
+//
+// If httpsListenerPort is already 443, both probes are skipped — the running
+// listener proves :443 is reachable.
+//
+// lanResolver is the function used to translate serverURL into a LAN IP; in
+// production this is Server.resolveServerURLIP. It is injected so this can
+// be tested without a full Server.
+func Check443Reachability(
+	httpsListenerPort int,
+	serverURL string,
+	lanResolver func(string) (string, error),
+	timeout time.Duration,
+) Probe443Result {
+	if httpsListenerPort == 443 {
+		return Probe443Result{Skipped: true}
+	}
+
+	res := Probe443Result{}
+
+	if err := ProbeTCP("127.0.0.1", 443, timeout); err != nil {
+		res.Localhost.Error = err.Error()
+	} else {
+		res.Localhost.Reachable = true
+	}
+
+	lanIP, resolveErr := lanResolver(serverURL)
+	if resolveErr != nil {
+		res.LAN.Error = "cannot resolve LAN target: " + resolveErr.Error()
+		return res
+	}
+
+	res.LANHost = lanIP
+
+	if err := ProbeTCP(lanIP, 443, timeout); err != nil {
+		res.LAN.Error = err.Error()
+	} else {
+		res.LAN.Reachable = true
+	}
+
+	return res
+}
+
+// PortFromHTTPSServerURL extracts the numeric port from httpsServerURL. It
+// returns 0 if the URL is empty, malformed, or has no explicit port — in
+// that case the caller cannot make a determination about :443 and should
+// treat the result as "unknown" rather than "definitely not 443".
+func PortFromHTTPSServerURL(httpsServerURL string) int {
+	if httpsServerURL == "" {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	u, err := url.Parse(httpsServerURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	portStr := u.Port()
+	if portStr == "" {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	port, err := strconv.Atoi(portStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	return port
+}
+
+// FormatPreflightGuidance returns a multi-line, human-readable warning
+// summarising a failing Probe443Result, with actionable next steps. The
+// returned string ends without a trailing newline so callers may use it
+// with log.Print or log.Printf as they prefer.
+func FormatPreflightGuidance(httpsListenerPort int, res Probe443Result) string {
+	if res.Skipped {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	if res.Localhost.Reachable && res.LAN.Reachable {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	lines := []string{
+		fmt.Sprintf("[WARN] HTTPS pre-flight: speakers connect to :443 but AfterTouch listens on :%d.", httpsListenerPort),
+	}
+
+	if res.Localhost.Reachable {
+		lines = append(lines, "  - localhost:443: reachable ✓")
+	} else {
+		lines = append(lines, "  - localhost:443: "+res.Localhost.Error)
+	}
+
+	if res.LAN.Reachable {
+		lines = append(lines, fmt.Sprintf("  - %s:443 (LAN): reachable ✓", res.LANHost))
+	} else if res.LANHost != "" {
+		lines = append(lines, fmt.Sprintf("  - %s:443 (LAN): %s", res.LANHost, res.LAN.Error))
+	} else {
+		lines = append(lines, "  - LAN: "+res.LAN.Error)
+	}
+
+	lines = append(lines,
+		"  Speakers will fail with Curl 7 / connection refused until :443 is routed to AfterTouch. Options:",
+		"    1. iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 443 -j REDIRECT --to-port "+strconv.Itoa(httpsListenerPort),
+		"    2. setcap cap_net_bind_service=+ep <binary> and pass --https-port=443",
+		"    3. reverse proxy (nginx/caddy) terminating TLS on :443",
+		"  See docs/guides/HTTPS-SETUP.md for details.",
+	)
+
+	out := ""
+	for i, l := range lines {
+		if i > 0 {
+			out += "\n"
+		}
+
+		out += l
+	}
+
+	return out
+}

pkg/service/handlers/preflight_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestProbeTCP_OpenPortSucceeds(t *testing.T) {
+	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to start listener: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer ln.Close()
+
+	port := ln.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr).Port
+
+	if err := ProbeTCP("127.0.0.1", port, 500*time.Millisecond); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("expected probe of open port to succeed, got: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProbeTCP_ClosedPortFails(t *testing.T) {
+	// Bind, capture port, close — leaves the port verifiably unbound.
+	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to start listener: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	port := ln.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr).Port
+	_ = ln.Close()
+
+	if err := ProbeTCP("127.0.0.1", port, 500*time.Millisecond); err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("expected probe of closed port to fail, got nil")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCheck443Reachability_SkipsWhenListenerOn443(t *testing.T) {
+	res := Check443Reachability(443, "http://example.test:8000", func(string) (string, error) {
+		t.Errorf("resolver should not be called when listener is on :443")
+		return "", nil
+	}, 100*time.Millisecond)
+
+	if !res.Skipped {
+		t.Errorf("expected Skipped=true when httpsListenerPort=443, got %+v", res)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCheck443Reachability_ReportsResolverError(t *testing.T) {
+	res := Check443Reachability(8443, "http://broken", func(string) (string, error) {
+		return "", errResolve("no DNS")
+	}, 100*time.Millisecond)
+
+	if res.Skipped {
+		t.Errorf("expected Skipped=false, got true")
+	}
+
+	if res.LAN.Reachable {
+		t.Errorf("expected LAN.Reachable=false, got true")
+	}
+
+	if !strings.Contains(res.LAN.Error, "cannot resolve LAN target") {
+		t.Errorf("expected LAN.Error to wrap resolver failure, got %q", res.LAN.Error)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPortFromHTTPSServerURL(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		in   string
+		want int
+	}{
+		{"", 0},
+		{"https://example.test:8443", 8443},
+		{"https://example.test:443", 443},
+		{"https://example.test", 0},
+		{":::not a url", 0},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		got := PortFromHTTPSServerURL(tc.in)
+		if got != tc.want {
+			t.Errorf("PortFromHTTPSServerURL(%q) = %d, want %d", tc.in, got, tc.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFormatPreflightGuidance_SkippedAndAllOK(t *testing.T) {
+	if FormatPreflightGuidance(443, Probe443Result{Skipped: true}) != "" {
+		t.Errorf("expected empty guidance when skipped")
+	}
+
+	bothOK := Probe443Result{
+		Localhost: ProbeOutcome{Reachable: true},
+		LAN:       ProbeOutcome{Reachable: true},
+		LANHost:   "10.0.0.1",
+	}
+	if FormatPreflightGuidance(8443, bothOK) != "" {
+		t.Errorf("expected empty guidance when both probes succeed")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFormatPreflightGuidance_BothFailMentionsRedirectPort(t *testing.T) {
+	res := Probe443Result{
+		Localhost: ProbeOutcome{Error: "connection refused"},
+		LAN:       ProbeOutcome{Error: "connection refused"},
+		LANHost:   "192.168.1.151",
+	}
+
+	out := FormatPreflightGuidance(8443, res)
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "--to-port 8443") {
+		t.Errorf("guidance must reference configured listener port for iptables, got: %s", out)
+	}
+
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "192.168.1.151:443") {
+		t.Errorf("guidance must mention probed LAN host, got: %s", out)
+	}
+
+	if !strings.Contains(out, "[WARN]") {
+		t.Errorf("guidance must be marked as a warning, got: %s", out)
+	}
+}
+
+type errResolve string
+
+func (e errResolve) Error() string { return string(e) }
+
+func TestCheck443Reachability_LANProbeMatchesListenerOutcome(t *testing.T) {
+	// Spin up a listener on a random port and use that port via resolver
+	// trickery: we point the LAN host at 127.0.0.1 and rely on the fact that
+	// nothing answers on :443 in test environments. The point of this test
+	// is to lock in the result-shape: when localhost:443 is closed (the
+	// default in CI), the function still returns a well-formed result and
+	// reports the resolved LAN host.
+	res := Check443Reachability(8443, "http://1.2.3.4:8000", func(string) (string, error) {
+		return "1.2.3.4", nil
+	}, 200*time.Millisecond)
+
+	if res.Skipped {
+		t.Fatalf("expected Skipped=false, got true")
+	}
+
+	if res.LANHost != "1.2.3.4" {
+		t.Errorf("expected LANHost=1.2.3.4, got %q", res.LANHost)
+	}
+
+	// In any sane CI environment nothing is listening on :443, so both
+	// probes should report errors. We don't assert the exact error string
+	// (varies by OS) but we do assert it's populated.
+	if res.LAN.Reachable {
+		t.Errorf("did not expect LAN:443 to be reachable in test env")
+	}
+
+	if res.LAN.Error == "" {
+		t.Errorf("expected LAN.Error to be populated when unreachable")
+	}
+}

pkg/service/handlers/server.go

@@ -238,6 +238,13 @@ func (s *Server) SetDNSSettings(enabled bool, upstream, bind string) {
 	}
 }
 
+// ResolveServerURLIPForPreflight is an exported wrapper around resolveServerURLIP
+// so callers outside the package (e.g. the service startup pre-flight) can
+// reuse the same resolution path the DNS server uses.
+func (s *Server) ResolveServerURLIPForPreflight(serverURL string) (string, error) {
+	return s.resolveServerURLIP(serverURL)
+}
+
 // resolveServerURLIP returns the IP that the DNS server would hand out as the
 // intercept answer for the given server URL. An empty URL, empty hostname, or a
 // hostname that cannot be resolved to an IP is reported as an error so callers

pkg/service/handlers/web/index.html

@@ -160,6 +160,7 @@
             <input type="text" id="target-domain" placeholder="http://192.168.x.x:8000" style="width: 300px"/>
             <span style="font-size: 0.8em; color: #666">(Standard services URL)</span>
             <div id="target-domain-resolved" style="font-size: 0.85em; margin-top: 4px; min-height: 1.2em"></div>
+            <div id="https-443-status" style="font-size: 0.85em; margin-top: 4px; min-height: 1.2em"></div>
         </div>
         <div style="margin-bottom: 20px">
             <strong>Device Discovery:</strong>

pkg/service/handlers/web/js/script.js

@@ -1,3 +1,67 @@
+// FAST_ERROR_MS is the timing threshold used to distinguish "no listener
+// on :443" (very fast browser error, usually TCP RST) from "something
+// answered TCP, TLS handshake failed because of untrusted cert" (slower
+// error). The exact cutoff is fuzzy and varies by browser/network, but
+// the gap between the two cases is large enough (single-digit ms vs.
+// 100+ ms) that this works as a heuristic. We don't expose milliseconds
+// to the user — they'd be misleading without context.
+const FAST_ERROR_MS = 150;
+
+async function probeBrowser443(lanHost, listenerPort, statusEl, serverLocalhostOK, serverLanOK) {
+    const line = document.createElement("div");
+    line.style.fontSize = "0.85em";
+    line.style.marginTop = "2px";
+    line.style.color = "#666";
+    line.innerText = "⏱ Checking from your browser too…";
+    statusEl.appendChild(line);
+
+    const start = performance.now();
+    let outcome;
+    try {
+        // mode:"no-cors" lets the request go on the wire even though the response
+        // would be opaque. We only care about success-or-fail and timing — not
+        // the response body, which we can't read anyway with an untrusted cert.
+        await fetch("https://" + lanHost + ":443/", {
+            mode: "no-cors",
+            cache: "no-store",
+            signal: AbortSignal.timeout(2000),
+        });
+        outcome = { reached: true, elapsed: performance.now() - start };
+    } catch (e) {
+        outcome = { reached: false, elapsed: performance.now() - start, err: e };
+    }
+
+    let msg;
+    let color;
+    if (outcome.reached) {
+        color = "#2e7d32";
+        msg = "✅ Your browser also reaches <code>:443</code> on <code>" + lanHost + "</code>.";
+    } else if (outcome.elapsed >= FAST_ERROR_MS) {
+        color = "#2e7d32";
+        msg = "✅ Your browser reached <code>:" + lanHost + ":443</code> — the failure that follows is the expected " +
+            "untrusted-CA error, not a missing listener.";
+    } else {
+        color = "#c62828";
+        msg = "❌ Your browser sees no listener on <code>" + lanHost + ":443</code> " +
+            "(fast error, likely connection refused).";
+    }
+
+    // Hint when server and browser disagree — that almost always means NAT,
+    // split-horizon DNS, or a host firewall sitting between AfterTouch and
+    // the speaker. Worth pointing out because it's invisible to the server.
+    const browserSees443 = outcome.reached || outcome.elapsed >= FAST_ERROR_MS;
+    if (serverLanOK && !browserSees443) {
+        msg += " <em>(Server sees :443 but your browser doesn't — check intermediate firewalls / split-horizon DNS.)</em>";
+        color = "#c62828";
+    } else if (!serverLanOK && browserSees443) {
+        msg += " <em>(Your browser reaches :443 but the AfterTouch host can't — likely a host-firewall rule on the AfterTouch machine itself.)</em>";
+        color = "#c62828";
+    }
+
+    line.style.color = color;
+    line.innerHTML = msg;
+}
+
 async function fetchSpotifyStatus() {
     try {
         const settingsResponse = await fetch("/setup/settings");
@@ -139,6 +203,55 @@ async function fetchSettings() {
                 resolved.innerText = "";
             }
         }
+
+        const port443 = document.getElementById("https-443-status");
+        if (port443) {
+            // The :443 check only applies to the DNS-migration path. Hide the row
+            // entirely when AfterTouch's DNS interception is off — those users are
+            // either using SDK overrides (port-explicit URLs) or external DNS
+            // interception (in which case they can read /setup/settings JSON
+            // directly if they want the result).
+            if (!settings.dns_enabled) {
+                port443.innerHTML = "";
+            } else if (settings.https_443_check_skipped) {
+                port443.style.color = "#2e7d32";
+                port443.innerHTML = "✅ HTTPS listener bound directly to <code>:443</code> — speakers can connect.";
+            } else {
+                const localhostOK = settings.https_443_localhost_reachable;
+                const lanOK = settings.https_443_lan_reachable;
+                const lanHost = settings.https_443_lan_host || "";
+                const listenerPort = settings.https_listener_port || "8443";
+                if (localhostOK && lanOK) {
+                    port443.style.color = "#2e7d32";
+                    port443.innerHTML = "✅ <code>:443</code> reachable on <code>localhost</code> and <code>" +
+                        (lanHost || "LAN address") + "</code> (forwarded to <code>:" + listenerPort + "</code>).";
+                } else {
+                    port443.style.color = "#c62828";
+                    const details = [];
+                    details.push("localhost:443 " +
+                        (localhostOK ? "✓" : "❌ " + (settings.https_443_localhost_error || "unreachable")));
+                    details.push((lanHost || "LAN") + ":443 " +
+                        (lanOK ? "✓" : "❌ " + (settings.https_443_lan_error || "unreachable")));
+                    port443.innerHTML = "❌ Speakers connect to <code>:443</code> but AfterTouch listens on <code>:" +
+                        listenerPort + "</code>. " + details.join(" · ") +
+                        ". Set up iptables / setcap / reverse proxy — see " +
+                        "<a href=\"https://github.com/gesellix/Bose-SoundTouch/blob/main/docs/guides/HTTPS-SETUP.md\" target=\"_blank\">HTTPS-SETUP.md</a>.";
+                }
+
+                // Browser-side probe runs in parallel. Mirrors what speakers see from
+                // the LAN; the server-side probe runs from inside AfterTouch's host
+                // and can disagree when there is NAT / split-horizon / a firewall in
+                // between. We can't see TLS-cert vs. TCP-RST from JS, so we fall back
+                // to timing: a fast error suggests no listener; a slower error
+                // suggests the connection got far enough to start TLS, which proves
+                // something is answering. The CA cert is not trusted by the browser
+                // by default, so a clean ✅ resolution is rare — that's fine, the
+                // timing alone is the diagnostic signal.
+                if (lanHost) {
+                    probeBrowser443(lanHost, listenerPort, port443, localhostOK, lanOK);
+                }
+            }
+        }
         if (settings.discovery_interval) {
             document.getElementById("discovery-interval").value = settings.discovery_interval;
         }